ORDER VACATING FINAL DECISION AND ORDER
AND ESTABLISHING SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEFING SCHEDULE
On September 4, 1996, the Board issued a Final Decision and Order
dismissing this complaint under Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended
(Act), 29 U.S.C. § 793 (1988). On September 11, 1996, the Office of Federal Contract
Compliance (OFCCP) filed a motion to alter or amend the final decision on the basis of a
new regulation that became effective after the parties filed briefs in this case. The Keebler
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Company (Keebler) filed a brief opposing OFCCP's motion. After carefully considering the
arguments of the parties, we conclude that the intervening regulation applies and requires
that we vacate our previous decision dismissing this case.
In the September 4 decision the Board held that OFCCP failed to
establish that the alleged discriminatee, Monica DeAngelis, was a covered employee under
the Act. At the time this case was filed, coverage under the Act was limited to persons
employed to carry out government contracts. 29 U.S.C. § 793(a) (1988). The Board
concluded that to meet its burden OFCCP was required to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that DeAngelis was working or would have worked on Keebler's federal contracts
absent the alleged discriminatory act. In reaching that decision the Board was unaware
that a new regulation, 41 C.F.R. § 60-741.4(a)(2) (1996), establishing a standard for
coverage based on job categories had become final and effective just one week earlier on
August 29, 1996. See 61 Fed. Reg. 19336, 19353 (1996).
On October 21, 1992, in response to the district court's decision in
Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth. v. DeArment , 55 (CCH) EPD ¶ 40,507
(D.D.C. 1991), the Department published a proposed paragraph intended "to more
closely conform the regulations to the general statement of coverage in Section 503(a) of
the Rehabilitation Act." 57 Fed. Reg. 48084, 48092 (1992); see also 61 Fed. Reg.
19336, 19341. On October 29, 1992, just eight days later, legislation was signed into law
striking the limiting language in the Act, and OFCCP subsequently revised the proposed
regulations to reflect the legislative change. The revised regulations were published on May
1, 1996, and became effective on August 29, 1996.
DISCUSSION
Keebler first argues that the new regulation, Section 60-741.4(a)(2),
should not be applied retroactively to this case which was filed in 1987. Keebler points out
that another final regulation that was promulgated concurrently, 41 C.F.R. § 60-741.84, generally provides:
§ 60-741.84 Effective Date.
This part shall become effective August 29, 1996, and
shall not apply retroactively. Contractors presently holding Government
contracts shall update their affirmative action programs as required to
comply with this part by December 27, 1996.
61 Fed. Reg. 19336, 19362.
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However, it is clear from both the specific language of Section 60-741.4(a)(2) and the accompanying published explanation that the regulation applies here.
Section 60-741.4(a)(2) provides:
(2) Positions engaged in carrying out a
contract. (I) With respect to the contractor's employment decisions
and practices occurring before October 29, 1992, this part applies only to
employees who were employed in, and applicants for, positions that were
engaged in carrying out a government contract ; with respect to
employment decisions and practices occurring on or after October 29, 1992,
this part applies to all of the contractor's positions irrespective of whether
the positions are or were engaged in carrying out a Government contract. A
position shall be considered to have been engaged in carrying out a contract
if:
(A) The duties of the position included work that fulfilled a contractual
obligation, or work that was necessary to, or that facilitated, performance of
the contract or a provision of the contract . . . .
61 Fed. Reg. 19336, 19353. In unambiguous terms Section 60-741.4(a)(2) bifurcates the
analysis to reflect the different schemes for coverage before and after the statutory
amendment. The explanation for adopting the regulation states:
Th[e statutory] amendment had prospective effect only. . . . . [T]he limitation
applies only to the contractor's employment decisions and practices occurring
before the amendment's effective date - October 29, 1992. The proposed
standards governing the determination whether the position is engaged in
carrying out a contract have been carried forward in the final rule without
substantive change. (Stylistic revisions reflecting the jurisdictional limitation's
retroactive application have been incorporated throughout paragraph
(a)(2) as well as Appendix D, which sets out guidance regarding positions
engaged in carrying out a contract.) Thus, for instance, in investigating
whether a contractor covered by section 503 has discriminated against an
individual with a disability in violation of the act, the issue whether the
discriminatee was employed in, or was an applicant for a position engaged in
carrying out a government contract will be relevant only if the alleged
discrimination occurred before October 29, 1992. This section still has
practical utility because there are a number of pending section 503
complaints involving alleged violations of the act which occurred before the
amendment.
61 Fed. Reg. 19336, 19341-42.
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It is axiomatic that a specific provision, here Section 60-741.4(a)(2),
controls over a general provision such as Section 60-741.84, particularly since the two are
interrelated and closely positioned, both contained within Part 60-741. See HCSC-Laundry v. United States , 450 U.S. 1, 6 (1981) (stating this basic principle of statutory
construction). To read Section 60-741.84 as controlling would render the plain language of
Section 60-741.4(a)(2), providing for retroactive application, absolutely meaningless.
See, e.g., United States v. Turkette , 452 U.S. 576, 580 (1981) (in construing
statutory language absurd results are to be avoided); Shields v. United States , 698
F.2d 987, 989 (9th Cir. 1983), cert. denied , 464 U.S. 816 (1983) (stating rule of
statutory construction that one provision should not be interpreted in a way that renders
other provisions of the same statute inconsistent or meaningless).
It is also well established that administrative agencies are bound by
their promulgated regulations. See, e.g., OFCCP v. Ozark Air Lines, Inc. , Case No.
80-OFCCP-24, June 13, 1986, slip op. at 5, citing National Wildlife Fed'n v. Clark , 577
F. Supp. 825 (D.D.C. 1984); Heavy Constrs. Assoc. of the Greater Kansas City Area ,
Case No. 94-13, Dec. 30, 1994 (Davis-Bacon and Related Acts, 40 U.S.C. § 276a);
Collectively-Bargained Premium Wage Rates at Clear Air Force Base, Alaska , Case No.
94-07, Oct. 31, 1994 (McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act, 41 U.S.C. § 351); see
generally 2 AM. JUR 2d Administrative Law § 237 (1994). The validity of
the regulations must be assumed. See OFCCP v. Western Electric Co. , Case No. 80-OFCCP-29, Apr. 24, 1985, slip op. at 12-15. Thus, we hold that by its express terms,
Section 60-741.4(a)(2) applies to this case that was filed before October 29, 1992.
Keebler also argues that even applying the regulation, OFCCP failed to
meet its burden. We disagree. Under the regulation coverage extends to employees who
were employed in, and applicants for, positions that were engaged in carrying out a
government contract. To establish coverage OFCCP must show that the duties of the
position included work that fulfilled, was necessary to, or facilitated a contract.
During the relevant period DeAngelis was a production attendant at
one of only two Keebler facilities that produced a snack food called Tato Skins. Keebler
had several Government contracts under which it provided Tato Skins to certain military
installations. The production attendants at the two facilities were not separated according
to who worked on goods destined to fill government contracts. The Tato Skins were not
earmarked or designated for any particular destination. All production attendants at both
facilities, including DeAngelis, had an equal chance to have worked on Keebler's government
contracts. While the evidence is insufficient to prove that DeAngelis in particular worked or
would have worked on a government contract, it is clear that the duties of a
"production attendant" for Keebler included work on government contracts. We,
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therefore, conclude that under Section 60-741.4(a)(2), OFCCP has established that DeAngelis
was a covered employee.
Our conclusion is also supported by Example 11 of the Appendix to the
regulations which states:
. . . if a plant with several assembly lines produced automobiles, some of
which were shipped to the Government and others sold commercially, the
application of Section 503 would have been limited if the Government
contract automobiles were made on only one of the assembly lines. In that
case, employees who were on the other lines, which never produced
automobiles for the Government, were outside the Act. If, however, the
contractor did not segregate the contract from noncontract production, the
employees on each of the lines were covered.
61 Fed. Reg. 19365. We agree with OFCCP that there is no reason to treat the two plants at
issue in this case differently than the two assembly lines within a single plant described in
the example.2
Accordingly, the Board's September 4 Final Decision and Order
dismissing this case for OFCCP's failure to establish coverage is vacated. The Board will
proceed and consider the merits of OFCCP's complaint that Keebler terminated DeAngelis in
violation of the Act. However, in view of the length of time that has passed since the
parties briefed the merits of this case, they are hereby permitted time in which to file
supplemental briefs. OFCCP may file a brief within forty days of the date of this order.
Keebler may file a response within eighty days of this order.
SO ORDERED.
DAVID A. O'BRIEN
Chair
KARL J. SANDSTROM
Member
JOYCE D. MILLER
Alternate Member
[ENDNOTES]
1 On April 17,
1996, the Secretary of Labor delegated authority to issue final
agency decisions under this statute and the implementing
regulations to the newly created Administrative Review Board
(Board). Secretary's Order 2-96 (Apr. 17, 1996), 61 Fed. Reg.
19978, May 3, 1996. Secretary's Order 2-96 contains a
comprehensive list of the statutes, executive order, and
regulations under which the Board now issues final agency
decisions.
2 We note that
at the time of the contract and the alleged violation, applicable regulations, 41 C.F.R.
§ 60-741.3(a)(5) (1991), provided that all of a contractor's facilities were covered and
subject to the affirmative action requirements of 41 C.F.R. Part 60-741 unless the
contractor had obtained a waiver from the OFCCP Director exempting particular facilities
which are separate and distinct from performance of the covered contract. There is no
indication that Keebler sought any waiver. Thus, when Keebler signed the contract in
question it expected DeAngelis and all of its other employees to be covered under the Act.
The new regulation therefore imposes no unexpected burden or obligation on Keebler.