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Isotope Tracers of Biogeochemical and Hydrologic Processes
Stable and radioactive isotopes such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur have proved to be extremely useful tracers of hydrologic pathways, biogeochemical processes, and residence times of waters and solutes. However, use of these isotopes as tracers is presently hampered by our limited understanding of the physical processes and chemical reactions influencing isotopic compositions. The unsaturated zone, particularly the soil zone and the top of the water table, is probably the portion of the hydrologic system most responsible for alteration of the isotopic compositions of potential isotope tracers; this environmental component is also one of the least studied. The overall goal of this project is to increase our understanding of reactions involving stable isotopes and to evaluate the significance of these reactions in geochemical and hydrologic modeling. This will be accomplished by field and laboratory investigations of processes and reactions which may fractionate isotopes and affect their utilization as tracers of processes, flowpaths, and sources of water and solutes. For additional information related to isotopes, see the Isotope Interest Group Home page
REPORTS PUBLISHED 1999-2009
Böhlke, J.K., and Michel, R.L., in press, Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA: Science of the Total Environment.
Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R.A., Kraus, T.E.C., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R.G.M., and Bergamaschi, B.A., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Naftz, D. , Angeroth, C. , Kenney, T. , Waddell, B. , Darnall, N. , Silva, S., Perschon, C., Whitehead, J., in press, Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Applied Geochemistry. (on-line abstract of journal article preprint)
Christopher, S.F. Mitchell, M.J., McHale, M.R., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D.A., Kendall, C., 2008, Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 1, p. 46-62. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Ewing, S.A., Yang, W., DePaolo, D.J., Michalski, G., Kendall, C., Stewart, B., Thiemens, M., and Amundson, R., 2008, Non-biological fractionation of stable Ca isotopes in soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, p. 1,096-1,110. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Kraus, T.E.C. , Bergamaschi, B.A. , Hernes, P.J. , Spencer, R.G.M. , Stepanauskas, R. , Kendall, C., Losee, R.F., Fujii, R.,2008, Assessing the contribution of wetlands and subsided islands to dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: A geochemical approach: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 9, p. 1302-1318. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Kendall, C., Elliott, E.M., and Wankel, S.D. , 2007, Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems, in Michener, R.H., and Lajtha. K., eds., Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, 2nd ed.: Blackwell Publishing, p. 375-499.
Ruehl, C., Fisher, A.T., Los Huertos, M., Wankel, S., Wheat, C.G., Kendall, C., Hatch, C., and Shennan, C., 2007, Nitrate dynamics within the Pajaro River, a nutrient-rich, losing stream: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, p. 191-206. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Derse E., Knee, K., Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Berg, C.J., and Paytan, A., 2007, Identifying the sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae : Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, p. 5,217-5,223. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Elliott, E.M., Kendall, C., Wankel, S.D., Burns, D.A., Boyer, E.W., Harlin, K., Bain, D.J., & Butler, T.J., 2007, Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of NOx source contributions to atmospheric nitrate deposition across the midwestern and northeastern United States : Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, p. 7,661-7,667. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Ewing, S.A., Michalski, G., Thiemens, M., Quinn, R.C., Macalady, J.L., Kohl, S., Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., McKay, C.P., and Amundson, R., 2007, The rainfall limit of the nitrogen cycle on earth : Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, GB3009, doi:10.1029/2006GB002838. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Finlay, J.C., and Kendall, C., 2007, Stable isotope tracing of temporal and spatial variability in organic matter sources to freshwater ecosystems, in Michener, R.H., and Lajtha. K., eds., Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, 2nd ed.: Blackwell Publishing, p. 283-333.
Ohte N., Dahlgren R.A., Silva S.R., Kendall C., Kratzer C.R. and Doctor, D.H., 2007, Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate : Freshwater Biology, v. 52, p. 2,476-2,493. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Pennington, J.T., Chavez, F.P., and Paytan, A., 2007, Nitrification in the euphotic zone as evidenced by nitrate dual isotopic composition: Observations from Monterey Bay, California: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, GB2009, doi:10.1029/2006GB002723. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Doctor, D.H., Alexander, E.C., Jr., Petric, M., Kogovsek, J., Urbanc, J., Lojen, S., and Stichler, W., 2006, Quantification of karst aquifer discharge components through end-member mixing analysis using natural chemistry and stable isotopes as tracers: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1,171, 1,191. (on-line abstract of journal article)
McLaughlin, K., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Young, M., and Paytan, A., 2006, Phosphate oxygen isotope ratios as a tracer for sources and cycling of phosphate in north San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 111, G03003, doi:10.1029/2005JG000079. (on-line abstract of journal article)
McLaughlin, K., Paytan, A., Kendall, C., and Silva, S.R., 2006, Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds -- Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils: Marine Chemistry, v. 98, p. 148-155. (on-line abstract of journal article)
McMahon, P.B., K.F. Dennehy, B.W. Bruce, J.K. Böhlke, R.L. Michel, J.J. Gurdak, and D.B. Hurlbut, 2006, Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States: Water Resources Research, 42, W03413, doi:10.1029/2005WR004417. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Mitchell, M.J. Piatek, K.B., Christopher, S., Mayer, B., Kendall, C., and McHale, P., 2006, Solute sources in stream water during consecutive fall storms in a northern hardwood forest watershed: A combined hydrological, chemical and isotopic approach: Biogeochemistry, v. 78, p. 217-246. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Nardoto, G.B., Silva, S., Kendall, C., Ehleringer, J.R., Chesson, L.A., Ferraz, E.S.B., Moreira, M.Z., Ometto, J.P.H.B., and Martinelli, L.A., 2006, Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 131, p. 137-146, doi:10.1002/ajpa.20409. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Paulson, A.J., Konrad, C.P., Frans, L.M., Noble, M.A., Kendall, C., Josberger, E.G., Huffman, R.L., and Olsen, T.D., 2006, Freshwater and saline loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to Hood Canal and Lynch Cove, western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5106, 91 p. (on-line report or on-line report in pdf format, 5.5 MB)
Reddy, M.M., Schuster, P., Kendall, C., and Reddy, M.B., 2006, Characterization of surface and ground water δ18O seasonal variation and its use for estimating groundwater residence times: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1753-1772. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C.A., and Paytan, A., 2006, Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1,654-1,664. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Andraski, B.J., Stonestrom, D.A., Michel, R.L., Halford, K.J., and Radyk, J.C., 2005, Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, p. 819-827. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Burns, D., Vitvar, T., McDonnell, J., Hassett, J., Duncan, J. and Kendall, C., 2005, Effects of suburban development on runoff generation in the Croton River Basin, New York, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 311, p. 266-281. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Doctor, D.H., and Alexander, E.C., Jr., 2005, Interpretation of water chemistry and stable isotope data from a karst aquifer according to flow regimes identified through hydrograph recession analysis, in Kuniansky, E.L., ed.: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5160, p. 82-92. (on-line report in pdf format)
Mayers, C.J., Andraski, B.J., Cooper, C.A., Wheatcraft, S.W., Stonestrom, D.A., and Michel, R.L., 2005, Modeling tritium transport through a deep unsaturated zone in an arid environment: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, p. 967-976, doi:10.2136/vzj2004.0179. (on-line abstract of journal article)
McGuire, K.J., McDonnell, J.J., Weiler, M., Kendall, C., McGlynn, B.L., Welker, J.M., and Seibert, J., 2005, The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, W05002, doi:10.1029/2004WR003657. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Michalski, G., Bockheim, J.G., Kendall, C., and Thiemens, M., 2005, Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: Implications for NOy sources and cycling in Antarctica: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, L13817, doi:10.1029/2004GL022121. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Michel, R.L., 2005, Tritium in the Hydrologic Cycle, in Aggarwal, P.K., Gat, J.R., and Froehlich, K.F.O., eds., Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Past, Present, and Future of a Developing Science: Springer, Dordrecht.
Piatek, K.B., Mitchell, M.J., Silva, S.R., and Kendall, C., 2005, Sources of nitrate in Adirondack surface waters during dissimilar snowmelt events: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 165, p.13-35. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Shanley, J.B., Mayer, B., Mitchell, M.J., Michel, R.L., Bailey, S.W., and Kendall, C., 2005, Tracing sources of streamwater sulfate during snowmelt using S and O isotope ratios of sulfate and 35S activity: Biogeochemistry, v. 76, p.161-185. (on-line abstract of journal article)
Bemis, B.E., and Kendall, C., 2004, Isotopic views of food web structure in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3138. (on-line fact sheet)
Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Michalski, G., Casciotti, K.L., and Wankel, S., 2004, Preparation and analysis of nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for stable isotope ratio measurement, in DeGroot, P.A., ed., Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, v 1: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 305-347.
Horita, J., and Kendall, C., 2004, Stable isotope analysis of water and aqueous solutions by conventional dual-inlet mass spectrometr, in De Groot, P.A., ed., Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, v. 1: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 1-37.
Izbicki, J.A., and Michel, R.L., 2004, Movement and age of ground water in the western part of the Mojave Desert, Southern California, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4314. (on-line abstract or on-line report in pdf format, 0.99 MB)
Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2004, Stable isotope applications in hydrologic studies, in Drever, J.I., ed., Surface and ground water, weathering, and soils: Treatise on Geochemistry, v. 5, p. 319-364.
Kratzer, C.R., Dileanis, P.D., Zamora, C., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Bergamaschi, B.A., and Dahlgren, R.A., 2004, Sources and transport of nutrients, organic carbon, and Chlorophyll-a in the San Joaquin River Upstream of Vernalis, California, during Summer and Fall, 2000 and 2001: U.S. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4127. (on-line abstract or on-line report in pdf format, 5.6MB)
McGlynn, B.L., McDonnell, J.J., Seibert, J., Kendall, C., 2004, Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater-streamflow relations: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7. (on-line abstract)
McLaughlin, K., Silva, S., Kendall, C., Stuart-Williams, H., and Paytan, A., 2004, A precise method for the analysis of δ18O of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater: Limnology and Oceanography, Methods, 2, p. 202-212. (on-line abstract)
Michel, R.L., 2004, Tritium hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley: Hydrologic Processes, v. 18, no. 7, p. 1255-69. (on-line abstract)
Novak, M., Michel, R.L., Prechova, E., and Stepanova, M., 2004, The missing flux in a 35S budget for the soils of a small catchment: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Focus, v. 4, p. 517-529. (on-line abstract)
Ohte, N., Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Doctor, D.H., Kendall, C., Wankel, S.D., and Boyer, E.W., 2004, Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using a high-resolution isotopic technique: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, doi:10.1029/2004GL020908. (on-line abstract)
Pardo, L.H., Kendall, C., Pett-Ridge, J., and and Chang, C.C.Y., 2004, Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ15N and δ18O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire: Hydrologic Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2699-2712. (on-line abstract)
Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J.D., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C.J., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Wolvoord, M.A., 2004, Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, Workshop on Long-term Performance Monitoring of Metals and Radionuclides in the Subsurface, Rston, VA, April 21-22, 2004: Tallahassee, Florida State University. (on-line paper in pdf format)
Amundson, A., Austin, A.T., Schuur, E.A.G., Yoo, K., Matzek, V., Kendall, C., Uebersax, A., Brenner, D., and Baisden, W.T., 2003, Global patterns of the isotopic composition of soil and plant nitrogen: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, p. 31-1 to 31-10. (on-line abstract)
Andraski, B.J., Sandstrom, M.W., Michel, R.L., Radyk, J.C., Stonestrom, D.A., Johnson, M.J., and Mayers, 2003, Simplified method for detecting tritium contamination in plants and soil: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, p. 988-995 (on-line abstract)
Burns, D.A., Plummer, L.N., McDonnell, J.J., Busenberg, E., Casile, G.C., Kendall, C., Hooper, R.P., Freer, J.E., Peters, N.E., Beven, K., and Schlosser, P., 2003, The geochemical evolution of riparian ground water in a forested piedmont catchment: Ground Water, v. 41, p. 913-925. (on-line abstract)
Havens, K.E., Fry, B., Gu, B., and Kendall, C., 2003, Stable isotope food web analysis of a large subtropical lake-alternative explanations for 15N enrichment of pelagic vs. littoral fisheries: The Scientific World Journal, v. 3, p. 613-622.
Izbicki, J.A. Borchers, J.W., Leighton, D.A., Kulongoski, J., Fields, L., Galloway, D.L., and Michel, R.L., 2003, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of aquifers underlying the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4259. (on-line abstract or on-line report in pdf format, 3.1MB)
Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2003, Stable isotope applications in hydrologic studies, in Drever, J.I., ed., Surface and Ground Water, Weathering and Soils, Treatise on Geochemistry, v. 5, chap 4: New York, Elsevier.
Kuwabara, J.S., Chang, C.C.Y. and Pasilis, S.P., 2003, Effects of the benthic flora on arsenic transport in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, in Kuwabara, J.S., and Fuller, C.C., eds., Toxic sustances in surface waters and sediments -- A study to assess the effects of arsenic-contaminated alluvial sediment in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1681, p. 1-26.
McCutchan, J.H., Lewis, W.M., Jr., Kendall, C., and McGrath, C.C., 2003, Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur: Oikos, v. 102, p. 378-390. (on-line abstract)
McMahon, P.B., Dennehy, K.F., Michel, R.l., Sophocleous, M.A., Elllett, K.M., and Hurlbut, D.B., 2003, Water movement through thick unsaturated zones overlying the Central High Plains Aquifer, Southwestern Kansas, 2000- 2001: Water Resources Investigations Report 03-4171, p. 32. (on-line report)
Nathenson, M., Thompson, J.M., and White, L.D., 2003, Slightly thermal springs and nonthermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 121, p. 137-153. (on-line abstract)
Shanley, J.B., Hjerdt, K.N., McDonnell, J.J., and Kendall, C., 2003, Shallow Water Table Fluctuations in Relation to Soil Penetration Resistance: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 7, p. 964-972. (on-line abstract)
Sickman, J.O., Leydecker, A., Chang, C.C.Y., Kendall, C., Melack, J.M., Lucero, D.M., and Schimel, J., 2003, Mechanisms underlying export of N from high elevation catchments during seasonal transitions: Biogeochemistry, v. 64, p. 1-24. (on-line abstract)
Silva, S.R., and Kendall, 2003, Isotopic analyses of suspended sediments, in Schuster, P.F., ed., Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, during water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-427, p. 59-60.
Walker, J.F., Hunt, R.J., Bullen, T.D., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Kendall, C., 2003, Variability of Isotope and Major Ion Chemistry in the Allequash Basin, Wisconsin: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 7, p. 883-894. (on-line abstract)
Biasden, W.T., Amundson, R., Brenner, D.L., Cook, A.C., Kendall, C., and Harden, J., 2002, A mulit-isotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, p. 82-1 to 82-26. (on-line abstract)
Burns, D.A., and Kendall, C., 2002. Analysis of δ15N and δ18O to differentiate NO3-sources in runoff at two watersheds in the Catskill Mountains of New York: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 5, p. 14-1 to 14-11. (on-line abstract)
Campbell, D.H., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Tonnessen, K.A., 2002, Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: determination using δ15N and δ18O: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 5, p. 9-1 to 9-11. (on-line abstract)
Chang, C.C.Y, Kendall, C.K., Silva, S.R., Battaglin, W.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2002, Nitrate stable isotopes: Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River basin: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 12, p. 1874-1885. (on-line abstract)
Evans, W.C., Sorey, M.L., Cook, A.C., Kennedy, B.M., Shuster, D.L., Colvard, E.M., White, L.D., and Huebner, M.A., 2002, Tracing and quantifying magmatic carbon discharge in cold groundwaters: lessons learned from Mammoth Mountain, USA, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 114, p. 291-312. (on-line abstract)
Ferrick, M.G., Calkins, D.J., Perron, N.M., Cragin, J.H., and Kendall, C., 2002, Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice: Hydrogical Processes, v. 16, p. 851-872. (on-line abstract)
Freer, J., McDonnell, J.J., Beven, K.J., Peters, N.W., Burns, D.A., Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B., and Kendall, C., 2002, The role of bedrock topography on subsurface storm flow: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 5-1 to 5-16. (on-line abstract)
Freer, J., McDonnell, J.J., Beven, K., Burns, D., Hooper, R., Aulenbach, B., Kendall, C., and Peters, N., 2002, Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamic contributions of subsurface storm runoff at the hillslope scale: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 5-16.
Fry, B., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., and Anderson, R.K., 2002, Oxygen isotope corrections for online δ34S analysis: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v.16, p. 854-858. (on-line abstract)
Gibson, J.J., Aggarwal, P., Hogan., J., Kendall, C., and others, 2002, Isotope studies in large river basins: A new global research focus: EOS, v. 83, p. 613, 616-617.
Izbicki, J.A., and Michel, R.L., 2002, Use of temperature data to estimate infiltration from intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, USA: Proceedings of IAH Conference on Balancing the Groundwater Budget, Darwin, Australia (CD-ROM)
Izbicki, J.A., Radyk, J., Michel, R.L., 2002, Movement of water through the thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes in the western Mojave Desert, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v.10, p.409-427. (on-line abstract)
Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J.J., and White, L.D., 2002, Isotope and chemical compositions of meteoric and thermal waters and snow from the greater Yellowstone National Park Region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-194, 70 p. (on-line report)
Michel, R.L., and Izbicki, J.A., 2002, Measurements of CFCs in the unsaturated zones of recharge sites in the Mojave Desert, USA: Proceedings of IAH Conference on Balancing the Groundwater Budget, Darwin, Australia (CD-ROM).
Michel, R.L., Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2002, Use of natural 35S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattop Wilderness Area, Colorado, USA: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Focus, v 2, no. 2, p. 5-18. (on-line abstract)
Naftz, D.L., Susong, D.D., Schuster, P.F., Cecil, L.D., Dettinger, M.D., Michel, R.L., and Kendall, C., 2002, Ice Core Evidence of Rapid Air Temperature Increases Since 1960 in Alpine Areas of the Wind River Range, Wyoming, United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, p. ACL 3-1 - ACL 3-15. (on-line abstract)
Rumbold, D.G., Fink, L.E., Laine, K.A., Niemczyk, S.L., Chandrasekhar, T., Wankel, S.L., and Kendall, C., 2002, Levels of mercury in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected along a transect through the Florida Everglades: Science of the Total Environment, v. 297, p. 239-252. (on-line abstract)
Shanley, J., Kendall, C., Smith, T., Wolock, D., and McDonnell, J.J., 2002, Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, p. 589-609. (on-line abstract)
Silva, S.R., Ging, P.B., Lee, R.W., Ebbert, J.C., Tesoriero, A.J., and Inkpen E.L., 2002, Forensic applications and oxygen isotopes of nitrate in an urban environment: Environmental Forensics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 125-130. (on-line abstract)
Unnikrishna, P.V., McDonnell J.J., and Kendall, C., 2002, Isotope variations in a Sierra Nevada snowpack and their relation to meltwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 260, p. 38-57. (on-line abstract)
Battaglin. W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Campbell, D.H., Silva, S.L., 2001, Chemical and isotopic evidence nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300. (on-line abstract)
Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001, Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic water-quality samples from the Mississippi River Basin, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4095, 57 p. (on-line pdf file)
Brenner, D.L., Amundson, R., Baisden, W.T., Kendall, C., and Harden, J., 2001, Soil N and 15N variation with time in a California annual grassland ecosystem: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 4,171-4,186. (on-line abstract)
Burns, D.A., McDonnell, J.J., Hooper, R.P., Peters, N.E., Freer, J.E., Kendall, C., and Beven, K., 2001, Quantifying contributions to storm runoff through end-member mixing analysis and hydrologic measurements at the Panola Mountain research watershed (Georgia, USA): Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1,903-1,924. (on-line abstract or on-line report in pdf format - 324 KB)
Evans, W.C., Sorey, M.L., Michel, R.L., Cook, A.C., Kennedy, B.M., and Busenberg, E., 2001, Tracing magmatic carbon in groundwaters at Big Springs, Long Valley caldera, USA, in Cidu, R., ed., Proceedings of the tenth international symposium WRI-10, Villasimius, Italy, 10-15 June 2001: A.A. Balkema, v. 1, p. 803-806.
Hinkle, S.R., Duff, J.H., Triska, F.J., Laenen, A., Gates, E.B., Bencala, K.E., Wentz, D.A., Silva, S.R., 2001, Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Wilamette River - a large river in Oregon, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 244, p. 157-180. (on-line abstract)
Jahren, A.H., Amundson, R., Kendall, C., Wigand, P., 2001, Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America: Quaternary Research, v. 56, no. 2, p. 252-263. (on-line abstract)
Kendall. C., and Coplen, T.B., 2001, Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuterium in river waters across the United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1363-1393. (on-line abstract)
Kendall, C., McDonnell, J.J., and Gu, W., 2001, A look inside "black box" hydrograph separation models: A study at the Hydrohill catchment: Hydrologic Processes, v. 15, , no. 10, p. 1,877-1,902. (on-line abstract)
Kendall. C., Silva, S.R., and Kelly, V.J., 2001, Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1301-1346. (on-line abstract)
Michel, R.L., Silva, S.R., Bemis, B., Godsy, and Westjohn, D.B., 2001, Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kinsford, Michigan, USA, in Gehrels, H., Peters, N.E., Hoehn, E., Jensen, K., Leibundgut, C., Griffioen, J., Webb, B., and Zaadnoordijk, W.J., eds., Impact of human activity on groundwater dynamics: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Publication No. 269, p. 311-316. (on-line abstract)
Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Bohlke, J.K., Nelms, D.L., Michel, R.L., and Schlosser, P., 2001, Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A Multi-Tracer Approach: Chemical Geology, v. 179, p. 93-111. (on-line abstract)
Bergamaschi, B.A., Fram, M.S., Fujii,R., Aiken, G.R., Kendall, C., and Silva, S.R., 2000, Trihaolmethanes formed from natural organic material isolates - using isotopic and compositional data to help understand sources, in Barrett, S.S., Krasner, S.W., and Amy, G.L., eds., Natural organic matter and disinfection by-products: Washington DC, American Chemical Society Symposium Series no. 761, p. 206-222.
Coplen, T.B., and Kendall, C., 2000, Stable isotope and oxygen isotope ratios for selected sites of the U.S. Geological Survey's NASQAN and Benchmark surface-water networks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-160, 409 p. (on-line publication)
Izbicki, J.A., Radyk, J., Michel, R. L., 2000, Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, Southern California, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 238, no. 3-4, p. 194-217. (on-line abstract)
Izbicki, J.A., Clark, D.A., Pimental, M.I., Land, M., Radyk, J., and Michel, R.L., 2000, Data from a thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek washes in the western part of the Mojave Desert, near Victorville, San Bernadino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-262. (on-line abstract)
Kendall, C., and Aravena, R., 2000, Nitrate isotopes in groundwater systems, Chapter 9, in Cook P., and Herczeg, A.L.., eds., Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 261-297.
Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Chang, C.Y., Bemis, B.E., Wankel, s.D., Dias, R.F., Garrison, P., Lange, T., Krabbenhofft, D.P., Stober, Q.J., 2000, Spatial changes in redox conditions and foodweb relations at low and high nutrient sites in the Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-449, p. 61-63.
Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Orem, W.H., Aiken, G.R., Kendall, C., Olsen, M.L., and DeWild, J., 2000, Aquatic Cycling of Mercury in the Everglades (ACME) project - synopis of phase 1 studies and plans for phase 2 studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-449, p. 64-65.
Michel, R.L.. Campbell, D.H., Clow, D., and Turk, J.T., 2000, Timescales for migration of atmospherically-derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed: Water Resources Research. v. 36. p. 27-36. (on-line abstract)
Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Böhlke, J.K., Carmody, R.W., Casile, G.C., Coplen, T.B., Doughten, M.W., Hannon, J.E., Kirkland, W., Michel, R.L., Nelms, D.L., Norton, B.C., Plummer, K.E., Qi, H., Revesz, K., Schlosser, P., Spitzer, S., Wayland, J.E. and Widman, P.K., 2000, Chemical and isotopic composition of water from springs, wells, and streams in parts of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, and vicinity, 1995-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-373, 70 p. (on-line abstract)
Sueker. I.K., Ryan. J.N., Kendall, C., Jarrett, R.D., 2000, Determination of hydrological pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, p. 63-75. (on-line abstract)
Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., Wilkison, D.H., Ziegler, A.C., Chang, C.C., and Avanzino, R.J., 2000, A new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and analysis for nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios: Journal of Hydrology, v. 228, p. 22-36. (on-line abstract)
Wilkison, D.H., Blevins, D.W., and Silva, S.R., 2000. Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 8, p. 1-16.
Bergamaschi, B.A., Fram, M.S., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Aiken, G.R., and Fujii, R., 1999, Carbon isotopic constraints on the contribution of plant material to the natural precursors of trihalomethanes: Organic Geochemistry, v. 30, p. 835-842. (on-line abstract)
Bergamaschi, B.A., Fram, M.S., Fujii,R., Aiken, G.R., Kendall, C., and Silva, S.R., 1999, The carbon isotopic composition of trihalomethanes formed from chemically distinct dissolved organic carbon isolates from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program - Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2 - Contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018B, p. 99-107. (on-line abstract and to download report in pdf format)
Brown, V.A., McDonnell, J.J., Burns, D.A., and Kendall, C., 1999, The role of event water, rapid shallow flowpaths and catchment size in summer stormflow, in Becker, A., ed., Land surface heterogeneity and scaling in hydrology: Journal of Hydrology, v. 217, p. 171-190. . (on-line abstract)
Chang, C.C., Langston, J., Riggs, M., Campbell, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kendall, C., 1999, A method for nitrate collection for δ15N and δ18O analysis from waters with low nitrate concentrations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, p. 1856-1860. (on-line abstract)
Healy. R.W., Striegl, R.G. Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., and Andraski, B.J. 1999, Tritium in water vapor in the shallow unsaturated zone at the Amargosa Desert Research site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3--Subsurface contamination from point sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 485-490. (on-line abstract)
Kendall, C., Battaglin, W.A., Cabana, G., Porter, S.D., Goolsby, D.A., Campbell, D.H., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., Hooper, R.P., Schmitt, C.J., 1999, Isotopic tracing of nitrogen sources and cycling in the Mississippi River Basin, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 2--Contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 339-343. (on-line abstract)
Kendall, K.A., Shanley, J.B., and McDonnell, J.J., 1999, A hydrometric and geochemical approach to testing the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt: Journal of Hydrology, v. 219, p. 188-205. (on-line abstract)
Landa, E.R.. Beals, D.M., Halverson, J.E., Michel R.L., and Cefus, G.R., 1999, Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas: Health Physics, v. 77, p. 668-676. (on-line abstract)
McDonnell, J.J., Brammer, D., Kendall, C., Hjerdt, N., Rowe, L., Stewart, M., and Woods, R., 1999, Flow pathways on steep forested hillslopes: The tracer, tensiometer, and trough approach, in Sass, K., eds., Proceedings of the IUFRO Division 8 Conference, Environmental Forest Science, October 19-23, 1998, Kyoto University, Japan; v. 54, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 463-482.
McGlynn, B., McDonnell, J.J., Shanley, J., Kendall, C., 1999, Riparian zone flowpath dynamics: Journal of Hydrology, v. 222, p. 75-82. (on-line abstract)
Orem, W.H., Holmes, C.W., Kendall, C., Lerch, H.E., Bates, A .L., Silva, S.R., Boylan, A., Corum, M., Marot, M., and Hedgman, C., 1999, Geochemistry of Florida Bay sediments: I. Nutrient history at five sites in eastern and central Florida Bay: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 15, p. 1055-1071. (on-line abstract)
Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., Healy, R.W., Michel, R.L., and Hass, H., 1999, Tritium and 14C concentrations in unsaturated-zone gases at test hole UZB-2, Amargosa Desert Research Site, 1994-1998, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T. eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meetings, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 --Subsurface contamination from point sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018-C, p. 475-484. (on-line abstract)
Sueker, J.K., Turk, J.T., and Michel, R.L., 1999, Use of cosmogenic sulfur-35 for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range: Geomorphology, v. 27, p. 61-74. (on-line abstract)
Vengosh, A., Spivak, A.J., Johannesson, K.J., Lyons, W.B., Weaver, T.R., Morgenstern, U., Michel, R.L., and Fabryka-Martin, J., 1999, δ11B, Rare Earth Elements, δ37CI, 32Si, 35S, 129I, in Cook P., and Herczeg, A.L., eds., Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology: Kluver Academic Publishers, Boston, p. 479-510.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFOMATION ABOUT THIS PROJECT, CONTACT
Carol Kendall
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025
Internet: ckendall@usgs.gov
Telephone: 650-329-4576
Robert L Michel
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025
Internet: rlmichel@usgs.gov
Telephone: 650-329-4547
Steven R Silva
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025
Internet: srsilva@usgs.gov
Telephone: 650-329-4558
For information on additional projects in the National Research Program, see Indexes to NRP projects and bibliographies
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