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Chapter A7. Biological Indicators

National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (TWRI Book 9)

7.2 Fecal Indicator Viruses

By R.N. Bushon

This section of Chapter 7 is available as a pdf file:
Fecal Indicator Viruses, 11/2003 (325KB PDF)

Download a copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader for free.

Abstract

More than 100 types of human pathogenic viruses may be present in fecal-contaminated waters. Coliphages are used as indicators of virus-related fecal contamination and of the microbiological quality of waters. This report provides information on the equipment, sampling protocols, and laboratory methods that are in standard use by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel for the collection of data on fecal indicator viruses.

Contents

7.2 Fecal indicator viruses

7.2.1 - Sampling equipment and equipment sterilization procedures

7.2.2 - Sample collection, preservation, transport, and holding times

7.2.3 - Laboratory methods

7.2.4 - Calculation and reporting of fecal indicator viruses

Comments/Errata page

Return to Chapter A7 Biological Indicators Table of Contents

Return to Field Manual Table of Contents

Citation for Section 7.2

Bushon, R.N., November 2003, Fecal indicator viruses: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A7, section 7.2, accessed __list date__, from http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/.