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Risk factors for anogenital human papillomavirus infection in men.
J Infect Dis 2007; 196(8):1137-1145.
Nielson CM, Harris RB, Dunne EF, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss
MR, Flores R, Markowitz LE, Giuliano AR.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical
and other anogenital cancers. Identification of risk factors for HPV infection
in men may improve our understanding of HPV transmission and prevention. METHODS:
HPV testing for 37 types was conducted in 463 men 18-40 years old recruited
from 2 US cities. The entire anogenital region and semen were sampled. A self-administered
questionnaire was completed. Multivariate logistic regression aided the identification
of independent risk factors for any HPV type, oncogenic HPV types, and nononcogenic
HPV types. RESULTS: Prevalence was 65.4% for any HPV, 29.2% for oncogenic
HPV, and 36.3% for nononcogenic HPV. Factors significantly associated with
any HPV were smoking > or =10 cigarettes per day (odds ratio [OR], 2.3
[95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0-5.3]) and lifetime number of female sex
partners (FSPs) (OR for > or =21, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.3-4.6]), and factors significantly
associated with oncogenic HPV were lifetime number of FSPs (OR for > or
=21, 7.4 [95% CI, 3.4-16.3]) and condom use during the past 3 months (OR for
more than half the time, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8]). For nononcogenic HPV, a significant
association was found for number of FSPs during the past 3 months (OR for > or
=2, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.4-6.3]). CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime and recent number of FSPs,
condom use, and smoking were modifiable risk factors associated with HPV infection
in men.