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Seroepidemiology of infection with human papillomavirus
16, in men and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in
the United States.
Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004;190(9):1563-1574.
Thompson DL, Douglas JM, Foster M, Hagensee ME, DiGuiseppi C, Baron AE,
Cameron JE, Spencer TC, Zenilman J, Malotte CK, Bolan G, Kamb ML, Peterman
TA for the Project RESPECT Study Group.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study sought to characterize the seroprevalence, seropersistence,
and seroincidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 antibody, as well as the
behavioral risk factors for HPV-16 seropositivity. METHODS: Serologic data
at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits were used to examine
the seroprevalence, seropersistence, and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody
in 1595 patients attending United States clinics treating sexually transmitted
disease. Testing for antibody to HPV-16 was performed by capture enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using viruslike particles. RESULTS: The seroprevalence
of HPV-16 antibody was 24.5% overall and was higher in women than in men
(30.2% vs. 18.7%, respectively). In those who were HPV-16 seropositive at
baseline, antibody response persisted to 12 months in 72.5% of women and
in 45.6% of men. The seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody was 20.2/100 person-years
(py) overall, 25.4/100 py in women, and 15.7/100 py in men. In multivariate
analysis, the seroprevalence of HPV-16 antibody was significantly associated
with female sex, age >20 years, and the number of episodes of sex with
occasional partners during the preceding 3 months, whereas the seroincidence
of HPV-16 antibody was significantly associated with female sex, age >20
years, baseline negative ELISA result greater than the median value, and
the number of episodes of unprotected sex with occasional partners during
the preceding 3 months. CONCLUSION: Sex- and age-related differences in both
the seropositivity and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody persisted after adjustment
for behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors, and behavioral risk factors
during the preceding 3 months were stronger predictors of the seroprevalence
and seroincidence of HPV-16 antibody than was lifetime sexual behavior.