Part I--Proposed New Industry Structure for Crop Production; Animal Production; Forestry and Logging; Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping; and Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry Section A--NAICS Structure North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Agreement Number 4 This Document represents the proposed agreement on the structure of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for the following industries: Crop Production Animal Production Forestry and Logging Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry The detailed NAICS structure along with a brief description of the structure is attached (Attachments 1 and 2). Each country agrees to release a copy of the proposed NAICS structure to interested data users. Comments received will be shared among the countries and additional discussions will be held before a final decision on the structure is made. Each country may add additional detailed industries, below the 4-digit level of NAICS, as necessary to meet national needs, so long as this additional detail aggregates to a 4-digit NAICS level in order to ensure full comparability among the three countries. This NAICS structure was presented and provisionally accepted at the NAICS Committee meeting held on August 30, 1995 - September 1, 1995 in Washington, DC. Accepted: Signature Date Canada /S/ Jacob Ryten 9/1/95 Mexico /S/ Enrique Ordaz 9/1/95 United States /S/ Jack E. Triplett 9/1/95 ATTACHMENT 1--NAICS STRUCTURE XX Crop Production XXX Grain and Oilseed Farming XXXX Wheat Farming XXXX Corn Farming XXXX Rice Farming XXXX Other Grain Farming XXXX Soybean Farming XXXX Oilseed Farming, except Soybean Farming XXXX Dry Pea and Bean Farming XXX Root, Tuber, and Peanut Farming XXXX Potato Farming XXXX Peanut and Other Root and Tuber Farming XXX Vegetable and Melon Farming XXXX Vegetable and Melon Farming XXX Tree Nut and Fruit Farming XXXX Orange Groves XXXX Other Citrus Groves XXXX Tree Nut and Noncitrus Fruit Farming XXX Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production XXXX Food Crops Grown Under Cover XXXX Nursery and Floriculture Production XXX Other Crop Farming XXXX Tobacco Farming XXXX Cotton Farming XXXX Sugarcane Farming XXXX Hay Farming XXXX All Other Crop Farming XX Animal Production XXX Cattle Ranching and Farming XXXX Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, Including Feedlots XXXX Dairy Cattle and Milk Production XXXX Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming XXX Hog and Pig Farming XXXX Hog and Pig Farming XXX Poultry Production XXXX Chicken Egg Production XXXX Broiler and Other Meat-Type Chicken Production XXXX Turkey Production XXXX Poultry Hatcheries and Other Poultry Production XXX Sheep and Goat Farming XXXX Sheep Farming XXXX Goat Farming XXX Animal Aquaculture XXXX Animal Aquaculture XXX Other Animal Production XXXX Apiculture XXXX Horses and Other Equine Production XXXX Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production XXXX All Other Animal Production XX Forestry and Logging XXX Timber Tract Operations XXXX Timber Tract Operations XXX Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products XXXX Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products XXX Logging XXXX Logging XX Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping XXX Fishing XXXX Fishing XXX Hunting and Trapping XXXX Hunting and Trapping XX Support Activities for Agriculture And Forestry XXX Support Activities for Crop Production XXXX Support Activities for Crop Production XXX Support Activities for Animal Production XXXX Support Activities for Animal Production XXX Support Activities for Forestry XXXX Support Activities for Forestry Attachment 2--North American Industry Classification System Draft Classification for: Crop Production Animal Production Forestry and Logging Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States agree to a draft industry classification for these industries. The draft classification applies to the five subsectors, Crop Production; Animal Production; Forestry and Logging; Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping; and Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry. These subsectors are sub-divided into twenty industry groups and forty-three industries. The subsectors are part of the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping sector of the classification. A General Outline The Crop Production industries involve growing crops mainly for food and fiber. The industries are grouped by similarity of production activity, biological and physiological characteristics, and economic requirements. The length of growing season, degree of crop rotation, extent of input specialization, labor requirements, and capital demands were taken into account when developing the industry structure. The production process is typically completed when the raw product or commodity grown reaches the "farm gate" for market or point of first sale or price determination. The subsector Animal Production involves raising animals. These animals are kept for eventual sale and gain in product value. The animals may be raised in various environments, from total confinement or captivity to controlled grazing on open range pasture. The Forestry and Logging subsector involves timber tract and other forest operations. A distinction has been made for the length of the production cycle for wood products. The production of short rotation woody crops such as cut Christmas trees and cottonwoods for pulpwood are considered to be agricultural crop production, and so have been placed in Nursery and Floriculture Production. The typical life cycle of this process is ten years or less. On the other hand, timber production often requires fifty years. The Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping subsector includes establishments engaged in the harvesting of animals in a natural habitat. Activities involving the raising of animals in captivity for eventual sale or market are classified in Animal Production, e.g., Animal Aquaculture, Fur-bearing Animal and Rabbit Production, and so forth. The Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry include activities that support growing crops, raising animals and producing forest products. These activities are in a separate agricultural, forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping subsector. These establishments provide an alternative source of inputs required for the production process for a given crop, animal, or forestry industry. Limitations and Constraints of the Classification There are some analytical needs that cannot be met by an industry classification. There are needs for information on the total production of various agriculture commodities. However, because of vertical integration and multiple activities occurring at a single farm, an industry classification system will not provide this information. For example, wine-making establishments that produce their own grapes will be included in the Wines, Brandy and Brandy Spirits industry not the Tree Nut and Noncitrus Fruit Farming industry. Though the industries are defined by similarities in the types and quantities of inputs per unit of output used in production, data users should be aware that certain differences in technologies and cultivating or production practices exist within industries. There are a few factors that constrained the structure and detail of the classification in the area under consideration. In the Crop and Animal Production subsectors, most activities present in one country exist in the others. However, often an activity is not economically significant to the same degree in all countries due to factors such as climate and soil conditions. For example, cotton cannot be grown in Canada. Further, data for some significant activities cannot be published for a particular country for reasons of confidentiality. Finally, the way activities are combined in establishments differs to some extent in the different countries. Economic significance in each country also influenced the development of the classification structure. For example, apple production is significant in the three countries but fruit production, excluding apples in Canada, is too small for separate publication at the industry level. Each country will publish additional categories that comprise subdivisions of the NAICS industries to present data for activities that are nationally significant. Relationship with ISIC Most 4-digit NAICS industries in these subsectors are contained within Division 01, Agriculture, Hunting and Related Service Activities of the current International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC, Revision 3) of the United Nations. Data tabulated using NAICS can be retabulated according to ISIC with one exception: Tree Nut and Noncitrus Fruit Farming cannot be assigned to an ISIC division without being sub-divided since integrated grape growing and wine manufacturing are classified in ISIC as an agricultural activity and in NAICS as a manufacturing activity. Some Changes to the National Classifications For Canada, Mexico, and the United States, an industry group is created for root, tuber, and peanut farming. The grouping includes industry activities for potatoes, sugar beets, peanuts, and other root-type crops, except vegetables. Canada previously classified these establishments in field crops and the U.S. in field crops, except cash grains. In Mexico, the industries were classified in CMAP 111102 or 111103 as short-cycle crops. Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry is redefined for Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This subsector contains the following industry groups: Support Activities for Crop Production, Support Activities for Animal Production, and Support Activities for Forestry. The CSIC Major Group 02, Service Industries Incidental to Agriculture, is included in the NAICS Support Activities subsector with some exceptions, namely veterinary services, companion animal services except breeding, certain research activities, and selected activities related to ornamental plants. For Mexico, the activities included in this subsector are moved from CMAP 971010. For the United States, support activities include 1987 SIC Industry Group 085, Forestry Services, and 1987 SIC Major Group 07, Agricultural Services, with the exception of veterinary services, landscape and horticultural services, animal specialty services, except breeding and equine support activities. For the United States, cotton ginning has been moved to Miscellaneous Manufacturing as a separate 4-digit NAICS industry. Cotton ginning is the mechanical process of removing the seed from the cotton lint. The activity generally takes place "off the farm" at a cotton gin. For Canada and the U.S., the new industry group Grain and Oilseed Farming constitutes a change in the crop production structure. It essentially replaces the CSIC industry group Field Crop Farms and the 1987 SIC Industry Group 011, Cash Grains. Orange Groves are a separate crop farming industry for Mexico and the United States. Historically, Mexico and the U.S. classified these establishments in Growing of Fruit Trees and Citrus Fruits, respectively. Canadian Poultry and Egg Farms and Mexican Poultry Farms are disaggregated into Chicken Egg Production, Broiler and Other Meat-type Chicken Production, and Turkey Production. These NAICS industries plus Poultry Hatcheries and Other Poultry Production form the industry group Poultry Production. The new industries reflect the structure and current production practices within each country. Animal Aquaculture is a new industry for both Canada and Mexico. The Canadian industry, Services Incidental to Fishing, has been deleted since the other activities within the industry were either identified as non-existent or were more appropriately classified elsewhere. In Mexico, aquaculture has been moved from the fishing subsector 13 to Animal Production to be consistent with the production oriented principle. In the U.S., Fish Hatcheries and Preserves classified in 1987 SIC 0921 and fish propagation in captivity are included in this industry group. For Mexico, the CMAP class 111212 for hunting is moved to the NAICS subsector Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping. For the U.S., a new industry will exist for apiculture. The subsector Forestry and Logging includes logging, formerly in the U.S. Manufacturing 1987 SIC 2411. As a production activity, the harvesting of standing timber or logging is more similar to the harvesting of agricultural crops than the processing of harvested wood products, the primary activity of the 1987 SIC Major Group 24, Lumber and Wood Products, except Furniture. The production activity for the forestry industry is narrowly defined to be long-term timber growth. Short rotation timber growth and its harvesting is placed in the NAICS industry for Nursery and Floriculture Production. Achievement of Objectives The classification meets the objectives for the North American Industry Classification System. It is comprised of industries that group establishments with similar production processes, that is, it applies the production-oriented economic concept. In the main, the hierarchical structure of the classification also follows the production concept. The classification achieves comparability for the three participating countries. Based on existing data, all three countries expect to be able to publish data regularly at the industry, (4-digit) level of the structure. All countries agree on the definitions of the industries. Other objectives of the NAICS project such as the inclusion of new and emerging industries, service industries, and advanced technology producing industries were not as relevant in this area of the classification as in others. This is due to the relatively well established and technological stable nature of the agricultural and related subsectors. The industries have high specialization ratios, and with the exception of citrus and cotton farming in Canada and dual purpose cattle farming in Canada and the United States, they are economically significant. Smaller industries are present because comparability is given priority over size. Finally, disruptions to time series have been kept to a minimum. Most of the changes to existing classifications are marginal. The major changes have been identified and can be taken into account in linking time series. Section B-Annex: United States National Industry Detail As explained in the Structure presentation of this notice, for a number of reasons 4-digit industries in the three NAICS industry subsectors presented in Part 1, Section A--Attachment 1, contain less detail than is currently in the U.S. SIC system, and less detail than is required to meet important analytical requirements in the U.S. The three country agreement on NAICS envisions that each country may develop national detailed industries below the NAICS industry level, so long as the national detail can be aggregated to the NAICS classification, thus assuring full North American comparability. The ECPC is proposing U.S. 5-digit industry detail for the five NAICS industry subsectors covered in Part I of this notice. For cases where no 5-digit detail is shown, the ECPC is proposing that the NAICS 4-digit industries will also represent the most detailed U.S. industries. TABLE 1 The definitions of status codes are as follows: E-existing industry; L-null industry for the U.S.; N-new industry R-revised industry; and * means "part of". The abbreviation NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified. 1997 NAICS and U.S. description Status code 1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description XX Crop Production XXX Grain and Oilseed Farming XXXX Wheat Farming E 0111 Wheat General Farms, Primarily Crop (Wheat Farming) XXXX Corn Farming R 0115 Corn *0119 Cash Grain, NEC (Popcorn Farming) XXXX Rice Farming E 0112 Rice XXXX Other Grain Farming R *0119 Cash Grains, NEC (Except Popcorn, Barley, Soybean, and Dry Pea and Bean) XXXX Soybean Farming E 0116 Soybeans XXXX Oilseed Farming, Except Soybean Farming N *0119 Cash Grains, NEC (Oilseed, Except Soybean) XXXX Dry Pea and Bean Farming N *0119 Cash grains, NEC (Dry Pea and Bean) XXX Root, Tuber, and Peanut Farming XXXX Potato Farming E 0134 Irish Potatoes XXXX Peanut and Other Root and Tuber Farming XXXXX Sugarbeet Farming N *0133 Sugar Cane and Sugar Beets (Sugarbeet Farming) XXXXX Peanut Farming N *0139 Field crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC (Peanut Farming) XXXXX Other Root and Tuber Farming N *0139 Field Crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC ( Root and Tuber, Except Potato and Sugarbeet) XXX Vegetable and Melon Farming XXXX Vegetable and Melon Farming E 0161 Vegetables and Melons XXX Tree Nut and Fruit Farming XXXX Orange Groves N *0174 Citrus Fruits (Orange Groves) XXXX Other Citrus Groves R *0174 Citrus Fruits (Except, Orange Groves) XXXX Tree Nut and Noncitrus Fruit Farming XXXXX Apple Orchards N *0175 Deciduous Tree Fruits (Apple) XXXXX Grape Vineyards E 0172 Grapes XXXXX Strawberry Farming N *0171 Berry Crops (Strawberry) XXXXX Other Berry Farming R *0171 Berry Crops ( Except Strawberry) XXXXX Tree Nut Farming E 0173 Tree Nuts XXXXX Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming R *0175 Deciduous Fruits (Except Apple) 0179 Fruit and Tree Nuts, NEC XXX Greenhouse, Nursery and Floriculture Production XXXX Food Crops Grown Under Cover XXXXX Mushroom Production N *0182 Food Crop Grown Under Cover (Mushroom) XXXXX Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover R *0182 Food Crops Grown Under Cover (Except Mushroom) XXXX Nursery and Floriculture Production XXXXX Nursery and Tree Production N *0181 Ornamental Nursery Products (Nursery Farming) *0811 Timber Tracts (Short Rotation Woody Crops) XXXXX Floriculture Production N *0181 Ornamental Nursery Products Farms (Floriculture Farming) XXX Other Crop Farming XXXX Tobacco Farming E 0132 Tobacco XXXX Cotton Farming E 0131 Cotton XXXX Sugarcane Farming N *0133 Sugarcane and Sugar Beets (Sugarcane) XXXX Hay Farming N *0139 Field Crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC (Hay, Farming) XXXX All Other Crop Farming R *0139 Field Crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC (Except Root, Tuber, Peanut, and Hay) 0191 General Farms, Primary Crop *0831 Forest Products (Maple Sap) XX Animal Production XXX Cattle Ranching and Farming XXXX Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, Including Feedlots XXXXX Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming E 0212 Beef Cattle, Except Feedlots (Cattle Farming) XXXXX Cattle Feedlots E 0211 Beef Cattle Feedlots (Cattle Farming) XXXX Dairy Cattle and Milk Production E 0241 Dairy Farms XXXX Dual Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming L XXX Hog and Pig Farming XXXX Hog and Pig Farming E 0213 Hogs XXX Poultry Production XXXX Chicken Egg Production E 0252 Chicken Eggs XXXX Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production E 0251 Broiler, Fryer, and Roaster Chickens XXXX Turkey Production E 0253 Turkeys and Turkey Eggs XXXX Poultry Hatcheries and Other Poultry Production XXXXX Poultry Hatcheries E 0254 Poultry Hatcheries XXXXX Other Poultry Production E 0259 Poultry and Eggs, NEC XXX Sheep and Goat Farming XXXX Sheep Farming N *0214 Sheep and Goats (Sheep) XXXX Goat Farming N *0214 Sheep and Goats (Goat) XXX Animal Aquaculture XXXX Animal Aquaculture XXXXX Finfish Production N *0273 Animal Aquaculture (Finfish) *0921 Fish Hatcheries and Preserve (Finfish Hatcheries) XXXXX Shellfish Production N *0273 Animal Aquaculture (Shellfish) *0921 Fish Hatcheries and Preserve (Shellfish Hatcheries) XXXXX Other Animal Aquaculture R *0273 Animal Aquaculture (Except Finfish and Shellfish) XXX Other Animal Production XXXX Apiculture N *0279 Animal Specialties, NEC (Apiculture) XXXX Horse and Other Equine Production E 0272 Horse and Other Equine XXXX Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production E 0271 Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits XXXX All Other Animal Production R 0219 General Livestock NEC *0279 Animal Specialties, NEC (Except Apiculture) 0291 General Farms, Primarily Animals XX Forestry and Logging XXX Timber Tract Operations XXXX Timber Tract Operations R *0811 Timber Tracts (Long Term Timber Farming) XXX Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products XXXX Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products E *0831 Forest Products (Forest Products, Except Maple Sap) XXX Logging XXXX Logging E 2411 Logging XX Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping XXX Fishing XXXX Fishing XXXXX Finfish Fishing E 0912 Finfish XXXXX Shellfish Fishing E 0913 Shellfish XXXXX Other Marine Fishing E 0919 Miscellaneous Marine Products XXX Hunting and Trapping XXXX Hunting and Trapping E 0971 Hunting and Trapping, and Game Propagation XX Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry XXX Support Activities For Crop Production XXXX Support Activities For Crop Production XXXXX Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating R 0711 Soil Preparation Services 0721 Crop Planting, Cultivating, and Protecting XXXXX Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine E 0722 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine XXXXX Postharvest Crop Activities E 0723 Crop Preparation Services For Market XXXXX Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders E 0761 Farm Labor Contractors XXX Support Activities For Animal Production XXXX Support Activities For Animal Production N *0751 Livestock Services, Except Veterinary *0752 Animal Specialty Services, Except Veterinary *7699 Repair Services, NEC (Farriers) XXX Support Activities for Forestry XXXX Support Activities for Forestry E 0851 Forestry Services TABLE 2 The abbreviation "pt" means "part of". @ means time series break has been created that is greater than 3% of the 1992 revenues for the 1987 SIC industry. 1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description 1997 U.S. description 0111 Wheat Wheat Farming 0112 Rice Rice Farming 0115 Corn Corn Farming 0116 Soybeans Soybean Farming 0119 Cash Grains, NEC Dry Pea and Bean Farms Dry Pea and Bean Farming Oilseed, Except Soybean Farms Oilseed Farming, Except Soybean Farming Popcorn Farms Corn Farming Other Farms All Other Grain Farming 0131 Cotton Cotton farming 0132 Tobacco Tobacco Farming 0133 Sugarcane and Sugar Beets Sugarbeet Sugarbeet Farming Sugarcane Sugarcane Farming 0134 Irish Potatoes Potato Farming 0139 Field Crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC Hay, Farms Other Hay Farming Peanut Farming Peanut Farming Root and Tuber, Except Potato, Farms Other Root and Tuber Farming Other Field Crop Farms All Other Crop Farming 0161 Vegetables and Melons Vegetable and Melon Farming 0171 Berry Crops Strawberry Farms Strawberry Farming Other Berry Farms Other Berry Farming 0172 Grapes Grape Vineyards 0173 Tree Nuts Tree Nut Farming 0174@ Citrus Fruits Orange Groves and Farms Orange Groves Other Citrus Groves and Farms Other Citrus Groves 0175 Deciduous Tree Fruits Apple Orchard and Farms Apple Orchards Other Farms Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming (pt) 0179@ Fruits and Tree Nuts, NEC Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming (pt) 0181@ Ornamental Nursery Products Floriculture Farming Nursery Farming Floriculture Production Nursery and Tree Production (pt) 0182 Food Crops Grown Under Cover Mushroom, Growing Of Mushroom Production Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover 0191@ General Farms, Primarily Crop All Other Crop Farming (pt) 0211 Beef Cattle Feed Lots Cattle Feedlots 0212 Beef Cattle, Except Feedlots Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming 0213 Hogs Hog and Pig Farming 0214 Sheep and Goats Sheep Farms Sheep Farming Goat Farms Goat Farming 0219@ General Livestock, NEC All Other Animal Production (pt) 0241 Dairy Farms Dairy Cattle and Milk Production 0251 Broiler, Fryers, and Roaster Chickens Broilers and Other Meat-Type Chicken Production 0252 Chicken Eggs Chicken Egg Production 0253 Turkey and Turkey Eggs Turkey Production 0254 Poultry Hatcheries Poultry Hatcheries 0259 Poultry and Eggs, NEC Other Poultry Production 0271 Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production 0272 Horses and Other Equines Horses and Other Equine Production 0273 Animal Aquaculture Finfish Farming Finfish Production Shellfish Farming Shellfish Production Other Animal Aquaculture Other Animal Aquaculture (pt) 0279@ Animal Specialities, NEC Apiculture Apiculture Other All Other Animal Production (pt) 0291@ General Farms, Primarily Animal All Other Animal Production (pt) 0711 Soil Preparation Services Soil Preparation, Planting and Cultivating (pt) 0721 Crop Planting and Protecting Soil Preparation, Planting and Cultivating (pt) 0722 Crop Harvesting Crop Harvesting, Primarily By Machine 0723 Crop Preparation Services For Market Postharvest Crop Activities 0724 Cotton Ginning Cotton Ginning (Included in Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector) 0741 Veterinary Service For Livestock Veterinary Services(pt) (Included in Services to be shown later) 0742 Veterinary Services, Specialties Veterinary Service (pt) (Included in Services to be shown later) 0751@ Livestock Services, Except Veterinary Custom Slaughtering Animal Slaughtering and Processing (pt) (Included in Food Manufacturing subsector) Other Livestock Service, Except Veterinary Support Activities For Animal Production (pt) 0752@ Animal Specialty Service Horses and Equines Services and Animal Production Breeding Support Activities For Animal Production (pt) Other Specialty Animal Services Animal Specialty Services, Except Veterinary (pt) (Included in Services to be shown later) 0761 Farm Labor Contractors Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders 0762@ Farm Management Services Animal Production Management Services Support Activities For Animal Production (pt) Crop Production Management Services Included with the particular crop production industries they serve 0781 Landscape Counseling and Planning Included in Services and Construction Industries to be shown later 0782 Lawn and Garden Services Included in Services and Construction Industries to be shown later 0783 Ornamental Shrub and Tree Services Included in Services and Construction Industries to be shown later 0811@ Timber Tracts Short Rotation Woody Crops Nursery and Tree Production (pt) Long Term Crops Timber Tract Operations 0831@ Forest Products Maple Sap All Other Crop Production (pt) Other Forest Products Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products 0851 Forestry Services Support Activities For Forestry 0912 Finfish Finfish Production 0913 Shellfish Shellfish Production 0919 Miscellaneous Marine Products Other Animal Aquaculture 0921@ Fish Hatcheries and Preserves Finfish Hatcheries Finfish Production (pt) Shellfish Hatcheries Shellfish Production (pt) Fish Preserves Nature Parks and Similar Institutions (pt) (Included in Museums, Historical Sites and Similar Institutions subsector to be shown later) 0971 Hunting, Trapping, Game Propagation Hunting and Trapping Description of Changes to the U. S. System A number of the changes listed in this section were made for reasons of international comparability. Where one or more of the three North American countries had different definitions of an industry classification, adjustments to the definitions in one or more countries were required. In constructing NAICS, the three countries agreed to move, where change was required to attain international comparability, in the direction of the country or countries whose existing classification definitions most closely corresponded to the production-oriented concept adopted for NAICS. Cases where the U.S. changed are listed below; other cases where Canada or Mexico moved toward the U.S. classification are not, of course, listed in this section. Crop Production - There were 13 new industries added to the 1997 industry structure in this industry subsector. New industries were created for: Oilseed Farming, Except Soybean Farming and Dry Pea and Bean Farming from part of 1987 SIC 0119, Cash Grains, NEC, in response to a proposal and to achieve international comparability. Sugarbeet Farming and Sugarcane Farming from 1987 SIC 0133, Sugar Cane and Sugar Beets, to recognize significant industries with unique production processes and to achieve international comparability. Peanut Farming, Other Root and Tuber Farming, and Hay Farming from part of 1987 SIC 0139, Field Crops, Except Cash Grains, NEC, to recognize industries with unique production processes and to achieve international comparability. Orange Groves from part of 1987 SIC 0174, Citrus Fruits, to recognize an existing large industry with a unique production process. Apple Orchards from part of 1987 SIC 0175, Deciduous Tree Fruits, to recognize an existing large industry with a unique production process. Strawberry Farming from part of 1987 SIC 0171, Berry Crops, to recognize an existing large berry industry. Mushroom Production from part of 1987 SIC 0182, Food Crop Grown Under Cover, in response to a data user's proposal and to achieve international comparability. Nursery and Tree Production from part of 1987 SIC 0181, Ornamental Nursery Product, and part of 1987 SIC 0811, Timber Tract Operations, to achieve international comparability. Floriculture Production from part of 1987 SIC 0181, Ornamental Nursery Products, to recognize an existing large industry with a unique production process. Two activities were transferred into the 1997 Crop Production subsector. Short rotation woody crops (e.g., Christmas trees) farming was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0811, Timber Tracts, into Nursery and Tree Production, in response to a proposal and because of similar production processes. Christmas trees and other woody products life cycle is typically less than ten years in contrast to trees growing in forests with a much longer growth cycle. Maple sap gathering was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0831, Forest Products, into All Other Crop Production in response to an industry proposal. The production of maple syrup at the site where maple sap is gathered is included in All Other Crop Production while the production of maple syrup at a separate location is in the Manufacturing sector of NAICS. Also, there were several activities that transferred within the crop production industry group. The number of crop production industries increased from 20 in 1987 to 29 in 1997. For time series linkage, 16 of the 20 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. Animal Production - There were five new industries added to the 1997 industry structure for this industry subsector. New industries were created for: Sheep Farming and Goat Farming from 1987 SIC 0214, Sheep and Goats, to achieve international comparability with Mexico. Finfish Production and Shellfish Production from part of 1987 SIC 0273, Animal Aquaculture, to recognize emerging industries with unique production processes. Apiculture from part of 1987 SIC 0279, Animal Specialties, NEC, to achieve international comparability. Dual Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming will be a null industry for the United States. One activity transferred into the 1997 Animal Production industry subsector. Fish Hatcheries were transferred from 1987 SIC 0921, Fish Hatcheries and Preserves, into Animal Aquaculture, to reflect a production process for fish propagated in captivity. A few activities were transferred within the animal production industry group. The number of animal production industries increased from 16 in 1987 to 19 in 1997. For time series linkage, 13 of the 16 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. Forestry and Logging - Three activities were transferred out of the 1987 Major Group 08, Forestry. Short rotation woody crops (e.g., Christmas trees) were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0811, Timber Tracts, into Nursery and Tree Production to reflect similar production processes based on the length of the commodities growth cycle. Maple sap gathering was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0831, Forest Products, into part of All Other Crop Production in response to an industry proposal. 1987 SIC 0851, Forestry Services, was transferred into the 1997 Support Activities for Crop and Animal Production and Forestry subsector, to reflect similar production support processes. One activity was transferred into 1997 Forestry and Logging Industry subsector. 1987 SIC 2411, Logging, was transferred into this subsector because the production process is more clearly aligned to forestry and for international comparability. The number of 1997 forestry and logging industries remained unchanged at three from 1987. For time series linkage, only one of the three 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping - Two activities were transferred out of the 1987 Major Group 09, Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping. Fish hatcheries were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0921, Fish Hatcheries and Preserves, into Finfish Hatcheries and Shellfish Hatcheries, to reflect production processes for fish propagated in captivity. Fish preserves were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0921, Fish Hatcheries and Preserves, into 1997 NAICS Museums, Historical Sites and Similar Institutions subsector, to reflect similar production processes. Also, there were several activities that transferred within the fishing, hunting and trapping industries. The number of fishing, hunting, and trapping industries decreased from five in 1987 to four in 1997. For time series linkage, four of the 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry - There was one new industry added to the industry structure for this subsector. An industry was created for: Support Activities for Animal Production from part of 1987 SIC 0751, Livestock Services, Except Veterinary; 0752, Animal Specialty Services, Except Veterinary; and 7699, Repair Services, NEC, to reflect similar production processes. Eight activities were transferred out of 1987 SIC Major Group 07, Agriculture Services. Cotton Ginning was transferred into the NAICS Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector, to achieve international comparability Veterinary Services for Livestock, 1987 SIC 0741, and Veterinary Services for Animal Specialties, 1987 SIC 0742, will be combined and transferred into one of the 1997 services industry subsectors, to achieve international comparability. Also, the services require very specialized input and highly skilled workers not found in other support activities for animal production. Custom slaughtering was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0751, Livestock Services, Except Veterinary, into the 1997 manufacturing industry subsector Food Product Manufacturing, to reflect a similar production process. Animal Specialty Services, Except Veterinary were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0752, Animal Specialty Services, Except Veterinary, into one of the new service industry subsectors, to reflect unique production processes. Services for horses and equines and activities related to breeding of animals will be in Support Activities for Animal Production. Farm Management Services, 1987 SIC 0762, will be integrated with the particular crop production industries they serve. For example, "citrus grove management and maintenance" will be classified with Orange Groves or Other Citrus Groves, depending on the crop managed. If there is not a dominant cropping activity, crop farm management services will be placed with the 4-digit NAICS industry, All Other Crop Farming. Activities are grouped together that have similar production processes. Landscape architects and landscape planning was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0781, Landscape Counseling and Planning, into 1997 NAICS subsector, Professional, Technical, and Scientific Services, to reflect similar production processes involving similar inputs and particularly skills in architecture and planning. Garden planning horticulture advisory and counseling services were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0781, Landscape Counseling and Planning, into one of the 1997 services industries, to achieve international comparability and separate out non-crop production activities. Lawn and garden care services, excluding installation and initial planting activities were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 0782, Lawn and Garden Services, and 1987 SIC 0783, Ornamental Shrub and Tree Service, was transferred partly into one of the new 1997 services industries. Lawn and garden installation and initial planting of materials were transferred into the Construction Industries sector, to reflect similar production processes. Also, this achieves international comparability with Canada that now divides these industries between construction and services. Two activities were transferred into the NAICS Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry subsector. 1987 SIC 0851, Forestry Services, were transferred into the industry group, Support Activities for Forestry, to reflect similar production processes, i.e., support activities for agriculture and forestry. Farriers (Blacksmith Shops) were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 7699, Repair Services, NEC, into the industry group, Support Activities for Animal Production, to achieve international comparability. This activity provides direct support to the animal production subsector. Also, there were several activities that transferred within the support activities for crop and animal production and forestry industries. The number of support activities for crop and animal production and forestry industry decreased from 14 in 1987 to 6 in 1997. For time series linkage, 11 of the 14 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries.