Published 9/21/94 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 80, 85, 86, 88 and 600 [AMS-FRL-4892-8] Standards for Emissions From Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas- Fueled Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines, and Certification Procedures for Aftermarket Conversions AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: Today's rule provides emission standards and test procedures for the certification of new natural gas-fueled, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty engines and vehicles, and motorcycles. The regulations are effective with the 1997 model year, although optional certification prior to the 1997 model year will be available. Today's rule also provides fuel economy test procedures and calculation equations for natural gas-fueled light-duty vehicles and trucks, effective upon publication, to allow these vehicles to be included in a manufacturer's corporate average fuel economy (CAFE). Finally, today's rule provides procedures for the certification of aftermarket conversion equipment to allow a vehicle or engine to operate completely or in part on a fuel other than the fuel for which it was originally designed and manufactured. This action is being taken in order to remove the possibility that the absence of such standards could hinder the development of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas as transportation fuels. These standards are intended to provide a comparable degree of environmental protection to that afforded by the standards applicable to gasoline, diesel and methanol vehicles, and to ensure that aftermarket conversions do not degrade the emissions performance of the vehicles or engines being converted. DATES: Except as specified elsewhere in this DATES section, this final rule is effective September 21, 1994. The effective date of Secs. 80.32, 80.33, 86.001-9(d)(1)(iv), 86.001-28(h), 86.004-9(d)(1)(iv), 86.004-28(h), 86.098-8(d)(1)(iv), 86.098-28(h), 86.099- 8(d)(1)(iv), 86.150-98(d) and 86.157-98 is November 21, 1994, unless notice is received by October 21, 1994 that interested parties wish to submit adverse or critical comments on these sections. If the effective date is changed, timely notice will be published in the Federal Register. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the regulations is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of September 21, 1994, except as specified elsewhere in this DATES section. 40 CFR 85.503, 85.505, 86.542-90, 86.094-23, 86.095-24, 86.095-35, 86.1242- 90, 86.098-28, 86.113-94, 86.1344-94, 86.142-90, 86.150-98, 86.513-94 and 600.113-93 are not effective until the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the information collection requirements contained in them. A document will be published in the Federal Register when OMB has approved the information collection requirements. ADDRESSES: Written comments on those sections effective November 21, 1994 should be submitted both to the contact person for this rule (see For Further Information Contact) and to the docket for this rulemaking at the following address. Materials relevant to this rule have been placed in Docket No. A-92- 14 by EPA. The docket is located at: Air Docket Section, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. on weekdays. EPA may charge a reasonable fee for copying docket materials. In addition, copies of the Summary and Analysis of Comments document, which develops certain issues relevant to this final rulemaking, may be obtained by request from the contact person below. This document contains the Agency's response to the public comments received in regard to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. John Mueller, Regulation Development and Support Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105: phone (313) 668-4275. To obtain copies of this final rule or the Summary and Analysis of Comments document please contact Ms. Donna Hoover at (313) 668-4278 or at the above address. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Description of Action A. Timing B. New Vehicle Standards C. Certification Test Fuel Specification D. Test Procedures E. Fuel Economy F. Aftermarket Conversions G. Fees III. Public Participation A. Timing of Requirements B. Standards for HC 1. NMHC vs. THC Standards 2. Heavy-Duty NMHC Standards 3. Evaporative Emission Standards C. Refueling Emission Standards 1. Natural Gas 2. LPG Vehicle/Pump Interface 3. LPG Tank Venting D. Standards for CO and Crankcase Emissions 1. Idle CO 2. Crankcase Emissions E. On-Board Diagnostics F. HC Measurement G. Fuel Composition H. Fuel Economy I. Aftermarket Conversions 1. Applicability 2. Test Procedures 3. On-board Diagnostics 4. Liability IV. Environmental Effects V. Economic Impacts VI. Statutory Authority VII. Executive Order 12866 VIII. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements IX. Impact on Small Entities X. Judicial Review I. Introduction Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of non-petroleum transportation fuels for a variety of reasons, including the potential environmental benefits offered by these fuels. Natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are among the more prominent of these fuels, along with methanol and ethanol. EPA promulgated emission standards for methanol-fueled vehicles on April 11, 1989 (54 FR 14426) due to the imminent commercialization of those vehicles. However, there are currently no emission standards in place for vehicles which operate, all or in part, on natural gas and LPG. This lack of standards is seen as a potential barrier to the widespread commercial introduction of these vehicles into the marketplace due to the uncertainties the manufacturers face regarding potential future standards where EPA has not yet addressed any of the issues involved. In addition, the recent rise in interest in these fuels has resulted in increased interest in aftermarket conversions (i.e., the conversion of a vehicle or engine to operate on a fuel other than that for which it was originally designed and certified to operate). Again, the lack of defined certification procedures for conversions, as well as the absence of a method to demonstrate good emissions performance of such conversions, are seen as potential barriers to their more widespread use for two reasons. First, the lack of defined certification procedures leads to uncertainty among converters as to whether the conversions they perform constitute tampering and result in the potential associated liability. Second, the potential for environmental benefits associated with gaseous fuels has led to increased interest in marketing conversions as an environmental strategy. The lack of a recognized procedure for confirming emissions performance has been seen as hindering efforts to market conversions in this manner. Thus, in order to remove these potential barriers EPA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) proposing emission standards for natural gas and LPG vehicles, and certification procedures for aftermarket conversions on November 5, 1992 (57 FR 52912). A public hearing was held on December 3, 1992, in Ann Arbor, Michigan at which verbal comments on the NPRM were received. Written comments responding to the proposal were also received from 34 public and private parties. The Agency fully considered all comments received in developing today's final rule. The remaining sections of this preamble describe EPA's resolution of the issues associated with the rulemaking. Section II describes today's action and summarizes the new requirements. Section III reviews the major comments received on the NPRM and the Agency's analysis of those comments. Subsequent sections summarize the technical feasibility, leadtime requirements, environmental effects, and economic effects associated with today's action. II. Description of Action This section describes each provision of today's rule. In general, today's rule extends the coverage of the existing federal motor vehicle emissions program to include natural gas and LPG vehicles (hereinafter referred to as gaseous-fueled vehicles). As such, EPA's current regulations governing certification, production line, and in-use requirements are for the most part adopted for gaseous-fueled vehicles. Rather than present an exhaustive review of the entire federal emissions program, this section contains a basic description of the gaseous-fueled vehicle regulations and highlights where these regulations differ from those currently in place for other vehicles. For additional information on the new or existing program requirements the reader is referred to the accompanying regulations appearing at the end of today's notice, and Title 40, parts 80, 85, 86, 88 and 600 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which this rulemaking amends. A. Timing EPA proposed that these standards be effective with the 1994 model year, and explained that the Agency did not expect that significant lead-time for developing emission control technology would be required for compliance. Nonetheless, because this rule is not being promulgated until after the start of the 1994 model year, EPA no longer believes that there is sufficient time to certify vehicles and engines pursuant to these regulations for the 1994 model year. Further, EPA received several comments stating that leadtime was required for technology development, especially for durability demonstration, in addition to that required for the certification process alone. Therefore, EPA is promulgating the standards to be effective with the 1997 model year. Finally, the refueling requirements for gaseous-fueled vehicles will be implemented consistent with the recently finalized refueling emission standards for other vehicles (three year phase-in beginning with the 1998 model year for light-duty vehicles and the 2001 model year for light-duty trucks)./1/ The requirements for refueling stations will take effect on January 1, 1998 for large volume stations, with a two year delay until January 1, 2000 for those stations which dispense less than 10,000 gallons per month on a gasoline equivalent basis. This phase in for smaller stations is consistent with the approach taken with the dispensing rate limits placed on gasoline refueling stations contained in the evaporative emissions final rule./2/ Note /1/ 59 FR 16262, April 6, 1994. Note /2/ 58 FR 16002, March 24, 1993. EPA proposed that manufacturers be allowed to certify engines and vehicles produced prior to the effective model year in order to include engines in the emissions trading and banking program, and to include vehicles in manufacturers' corporate average fuel economy. EPA received no adverse comments on this aspect of the proposal. For this reason, manufacturers may choose to comply prior to the 1997 model year, including the 1994 model year. Including 1994 model year engines in the emissions trading and banking program and raises an issue whether engines manufactured in model year 1994 prior to the promulgation of this rule may be included in the program. A similar situation was confronted in the original banking and trading rule. There, EPA allowed banking for the full 1990 model year, even though the rule was promulgated on July 26, 1990. See 55 FR 30584, 30587. In that case, EPA placed certain restrictions on the inclusion of 1990 model year engines, to ensure credits were only given for significant reductions below the 1990 standards. This was to ensure that "windfall" credits from exceeding the arguably "lax" pre-1991 standards would not be used in the transition to the more stringent 1991 standards. As a result, if no restrictions on trading and banking were imposed, then the engines that had always exceeded the 1990 standards would for the first time be able to use the extra reductions as "windfall" credits to offset engines that did not yet meet the new and more stringent 1991 standards. See 55 FR at 30597. EPA does not believe such restrictions are necessary in this case. Since 1991, engines using other fuels, such as methanol, have been able to generate credits to offset higher emitting engines. EPA believes that gaseous-fueled engines should have an equal opportunity to use such credits as gasoline-, diesel-, and methanol-fueled engines, now that emissions standards and test procedures are in place in time for the 1994 model year. As EPA explained in the response to comments in the trading and banking final rule, CNG engines were not included at that time due to the absence of standards, test procedures, and certification protocols. See id at 30609. Now that these rules are in place, there is no longer any reason to disadvantage CNG engines vis a vis other fuels. In addition, EPA does not believe that the credits manufacturers might obtain from gaseous-fueled engines are "windfall," since they arguably would not have manufactured such engines in model year 1994 but for EPA's actions to provide an incentive to do so. Rather, EPA believes manufacturers had an incentive to manufacture gaseous-fueled engines based on EPA actions prior to this final rule. EPA proposed these standards in November 1992, and began developing these standards substantially before that. EPA believes this overall incentive further supports allowing manufacturers to include all 1994 model year engines in the trading and banking program. The aftermarket conversion certification procedures contained in today's rule are available to converters as a way of obtaining an exemption from the tampering prohibition. Since this procedure creates an exemption and is optional it will be available upon publication in the Federal Register. EPA's current policy toward conversions will continue to apply to aftermarket conversions which have not received an exemption under this new program./3/ Note /3/ See March 4, 1993 Fact Sheet available in the public docket. The Administrative Procedure Act requires 30 days notice before a rule may become effective, except under certain circumstances such as when the rule recognizes an exemption or when the Agency can demonstrate good cause for immediate effect. The Agency believes it has good cause for this rule to take immediate effect in the case of the new vehicle standards since compliance with the new vehicle standards is optional until well after the 30 day period. In the case of aftermarket conversions, because this rule creates an exemption from the tampering prohibition under section 203 of the Act it does not require 30 days notice, and this exemption will be available upon publication in the Federal Register. B. New Vehicle Standards The new gaseous-fueled vehicle and engine emission standards contained in today's notice are effective with the 1997 model year. Optional compliance prior to the 1997 model year is available to manufacturers who wish to include their vehicles and engines in emissions averaging, trading and banking programs, as well as the CAFE program in the case of natural gas- fueled vehicles. In general, the Agency seeks to control vehicles operated on alternative fuels so that their emissions are no greater than their petroleum-fueled counterparts. Thus, the exhaust emission standards for gaseous-fueled vehicles are numerically equivalent to those which apply to other, currently regulated vehicles and engines. The only significant departure from this approach is in the area of hydrocarbon (HC) standards for natural gas fueled vehicles and engines. Prior to the 1994 model year, regulated vehicles (i.e., gasoline, petroleum diesel and methanol) are only required to meet total hydrocarbon (THC) standards. However, beginning with the 1994 model year, currently regulated light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks will also be required to meet separate nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) standards as part of the Tier 1 requirements of the Clean Air Act./4/ For natural gas-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks only the NMHC standards will apply. In the case of natural gas-fueled heavy-duty engines, NMHC standards which provide the same degree of NMHC control as the current THC standards provide for petroleum-fueled vehicles will apply. In the case of LPG vehicles and engines, the HC standards are the same as those for currently regulated vehicles. A summary of today's gaseous-fueled vehicle emission standards is contained in Tables 1 through 4. Note /4/ The Agency uses the phrase "Tier 1" to denote the 1994 and later model year standards in part because they are nearly identical to the Tier 1 standards prescribed by section 202(g) of the Clean Air Act for petroleum- fueled vehicles (56 FR 25724, June 5, 1991). Use of this phrase is not meant to suggest that gaseous-fueled vehicles are subject to the section 202(g) Tier 1 standards. Table 1.--Emission Standards for 1997 and Later Model Year Gaseous-Fueled Light-Duty Vehicles (q/mi)1 Evaporative hydrocarbons Fuel Standards/2/ THC NMHC CO NOX PM/3/ (g/test) Intermediate Useful Life Standards/4/ Natural Gas Tier 0 0.34 3.4 1.0 0.20 2.0 Natural Gas Tier 1 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 2.0 LPG Tier 0 0.41 3.4 1.0 0.20 2.0 LPG Tier 1 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 2.0 Full Useful Life Standards/5/ Natural Gas Tier 1 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 LPG TIer 1 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 /1/ Crankcase emissions are prohibited. Standards apply at all altitudes. For Tier 1 standards, vehicles are required to meet both the intermediate and full useful life standards. /2/ The Tier 1 standards apply to 40 percent of a manufacturer's optionally certified 1994 model year vehicles, 80 percent of optionally certified 1995 vehicles, and 100 percent of optionally certified 1996 vehicles. The Tier 0 standards apply to optionally certified pre-1996 model year vehicles not covered by the Tier 1 standards. /3/ Tier 0 particulate standards apply to diesel-cycle vehicles only. Tier 1 particulate standards apply to all vehicles. /4/ Five years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. /5/ Ten years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first. No full useful life Tier 0 standards. Table 2.--Emissions Standards for 1997 and Later Model Year Gaseous-Fueled Light Light-Duty Trucks (g/mi) /1/ LVW (lb) Standards Line No. Fuel /2/ /3/ THC NMHC Intermediate Useful Life Standards /5/ 1. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 0.25 2. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.32 3. LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.25 4. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.32 Full Useful Life Standards /6/ 5. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 0.67(0.83) 6. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 0.31 7. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.67(0.83) 8. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.40 9. LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80(1.0) 10. LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.31 11. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80(1.0) 12. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 0.40 [ ...Table continues... ] Idle Evaporative PM CO (% hydrocarbons Line No. CO NOx /4/ conc.) (g/test) Intermediate Useful Life Standards /5/ 1. 3.4 0.4 0.08 2. 4.4 0.7 0.08 3. 3.4 0.4 0.08 4. 4.4 0.7 0.08 Full Useful Life Standards /6/ 5. 10(14) 1.2 0.26 0.50 2.0(2.6) 6. 4.2 0.6 0.10 0.50 2.0(2.6) 7. 10(14) 1.7 0.13 0.50 2.0(2.6) 8. 5.5 0.97 0.10 0.50 2.0(2.6) 9. 10(14) 1.2 0.26 0.50 2.0(2.6) 10. 4.2 0.6 0.10 0.50 2.0(2.6) 11. 10(14) 1.7 0.13 0.50 2.0(2.6) 12. 5.5 0.97 0.10 0.50 2.0(2.6) /1/ Crankcase emissions are prohibited. Standards in parenthesis apply to vehicles sold in specified high-altitude counties. For the Tier 1 standards, vehicles are required to meet both the intermediate and full useful life standards. /2/ Loaded vehicle weight (i.e., curb weight plus 300 lb.). /3/ The Tier 1 standards apply to 40 percent of a manufacturer's optionally certified 1994 model year vehicles, 80 percent of optionally certified 1995 vehicles, and 100 percent of optionally certified 1996 model year vehicles. The Tier 0 standards apply to optionally certified pre-1996 model year vehicles not covered by the Tier 1 standards. /4/ Tier 0 particulate standards apply to diesel- cycle vehicles only. Tier 1 particulate standards apply to all vehicles, but are phased in beginning one year later than the other Tier 1 standards. /5/ Five years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. /6/ For Tier 0 standards eleven years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. For Tier 1 standards ten years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Table 3.--Emissions Standards for 1997 and Later Model Year Gaseous-Fueled Heavy Light-Duty Trucks (g/mi) /1/ Weight Standards Line No. Fuel /2/ /3/ THC NMHC Intermediate Useful Life Standards /5/ 1. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.32 2. Natural Gas 3750 Tier 0 0.80 3. Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 4. Gasoline >5750 Tier 1 0.80 5. Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 6. Diesel >3750 Tier 0 0.80 7. Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 8. Diesel >5750 Tier 1 0.80 9. Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 10. Methanol >3750 Tier 0 11. Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 12. Methanol >5750 Tier 1 13. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 14. Natural Gas >3750 Tier 0 15. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 16. Natural Gas >5750 Tier 1 17. LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 18. LPG >3750 Tier 0 0.80 19. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 20. LPG >5750 Tier 1 0.80 [ ...Table continues... ] Line No. NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM 1. 10 1.2 2. 10 1.7 3. 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 4. 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 5. 10 1.20 0.26 6. 10 1.7 0.13 7. 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 8. 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 9. 0.80 10 1.2 /1/ 0.26 10. 0.80 10 1.7 /1/ 0.13 11. 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 12. 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 13. 0.67 10 1.2 /1/ 0.26 14. 0.67 10 1.7 /1/ 0.13 15. 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 16. 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 17. 10 1.2 /1/ 0.26 18. 10 1.7 /1/ 0.13 19. 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 20. 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 /1/ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles. * * * * * (d) * * * (1) * * * (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks when fueled with petroleum fuel and/or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.0 grams per vehicle mile (0.62 grams per vehicle kilometer). * * * * * (C) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for Otto-cycle and diesel light-duty trucks when fueled with natural gas). 0.83 gram per vehicle mile (0.52 gram per vehicle kilometer). * * * * * 22. Section 86.094-11 of subpart A is amended by revising the section heading, by revising paragraphs (a)(1) introductory text, (a)(1)(i)(A), (a)(1)(ii) (B) and (c), and adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(i)(C) to read as follows: Sec. 86.094-11 Emission standards for 1994 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles. (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 1994 and later model year diesel heavy- duty engines shall not exceed the following (optional for 1994 through 1996 model year new natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled heavy-duty engines): (i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. * * * * * (C) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (ii) * * * (B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only). * * * * * (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere from any new 1994 or later model year methanol-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine (optional for 1994 through 1996 model year natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines). For petroleum-, natural gas- and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines only; this provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction. * * * * * 23. Section 86.094-17 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraph (a) introductory text to read as follows: Sec. 86.094-17 Emission control diagnostic system for 1994 and later light- duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. (a) All light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks shall be equipped with an emission control diagnostic system capable of identifying, for each vehicle's useful life, the following types of deterioration or malfunction which could cause emission increases greater than or exceeding the following threshold levels as measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth in subpart B of this part. Paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section do not apply to diesel cycle light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. Paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section do not apply to natural gas- fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks until the 1998 model year. * * * * * 24. Section 86.094-23 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3), (b)(4), (c)(1) and (c)(2)(i), to read as follows: Sec. 86.094-23 Required data. * * * * * (b) * * * (3) For heavy-duty vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas- fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, evaporative emission deterioration factors for each evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system combination identified in accordance with Sec. 86.091-21(b)(4)(ii). Furthermore, a statement that the test procedure(s) used to derive the deterioration factors includes, but need not be limited to, a consideration of the ambient effects of ozone and temperature fluctuations and the service accumulation effects of vibration, time, vapor saturation and purge cycling. The deterioration factor test procedure shall be designed and conducted in accordance with good engineering practice to assure that the vehicles covered by a certificate issued under Sec. 86.091-30 will meet the evaporative emission standards in Sec. 86.091-10 and Sec. 86.091-11 in actual use for the useful life of the engine. Furthermore, a statement that a description of the test procedure, as well as all data, analyses and evaluations, is available to the Administrator upon request. (4)(i) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 26,000 pounds and equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's vehicles meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations and other documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the Administrator upon request. (ii) For heavy-duty vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 26,000 pounds and equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled or methanol-fueled engines, a written statement to the Administrator certifying that the manufacturer's evaporative emission control systems are designed, using good engineering practice, to meet the standards of Sec. 86.091-10 or Sec. 86.091-11 (as applicable) as determined by the provisions of Sec. 86.091-28. Furthermore, a written statement to the Administrator that all data, analyses, test procedures, evaluations and other documents, on which the above statement is based, are available to the Administrator upon request. (c) * * * (1) Emission data, including in the case of methanol fuel, methanol, formaldehyde and organic material hydrocarbon equivalent, exhaust methane data in the case of vehicles meeting a non-methane hydrocarbon standard on such vehicles tested in accordance with applicable test procedures and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-mile data, if generated, and emission data generated for certification as required under Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(i) or Sec. 86.090-26(a)(3)(ii). In lieu of providing emission data the Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, development tests or other information) that the engine will conform with certain applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.094-8 or Sec. 86.094-9. Standards eligible for such manufacturer requests are those for idle CO emissions, smoke emissions, or particulate emissions from methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle certification vehicles, on evaporative emissions or refueling emissions from natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles (light-duty and heavy-duty), and those for particulate emissions from model year 1994 and later gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle certification vehicles that are not certified to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9 (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), or Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(i). Also eligible for such requests are standards for total hydrocarbon emissions from model year 1994 and later certification vehicles that are not certified to the Tier 0 standards of Sec. 86.094-9 (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) or Sec. 86.094-8(a)(1)(i). By separate request, including appropriate supporting test data, the manufacturer may request that the Administrator also waive the requirement to measure particulate emissions when conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing of Otto-cycle vehicles, or the requirement to measure evaporative emissions when conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing of natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. (2) * * * (i) Emission data on such engines tested in accordance with applicable emission test procedures of this subpart and in such numbers as specified. These data shall include zero-hour data, if generated, and emission data generated for certification as required under Sec. 86.090-26(c)(4). In lieu of providing emission data on idle CO emissions, smoke emissions or particulate emissions from methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel certification engines, or on CO emissions from petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, or methanol-fueled diesel certification engines the Administrator may, on request of the manufacturer, allow the manufacturer to demonstrate (on the basis of previous emission tests, development tests or other information) that the engine will conform with the applicable emission standards of Sec. 86.091-11, or Sec. 86.094-11. * * * * * 25. Section 86.094-24 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6) introductory text, (a)(12), (a)(13) introductory text, (a)(14) introductory text and (a)(15), by removing "; and" from the end of paragraph (a)(13)(i) and adding a period in its place, and by adding paragraphs (a)(6)(iv) and (a)(13)(iii), to read as follows: Sec. 86.094-24 Test vehicles and engines. (a) * * * (5) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks covered by an application for certification will be divided into groupings (e.g., by fuel type) which are expected to have similar evaporative emission characteristics throughout their useful life. Each group of vehicles with similar evaporative emission characteristics shall be defined as a separate evaporative emission family. (6) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks to be classed in the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be similar with respect to: * * * * * (iv) Fuel type. * * * * * (12) Vehicles powered by heavy-duty engines covered by an application for certification and using fuels for which there is an applicable evaporative emission standard will be divided into groupings of vehicles on the basis of physical features, including fuel type, which are expected to affect evaporative emissions. Each group of vehicles with similar features shall be defined as a separate evaporative emission family. (13) For vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for which there are applicable evaporative emission standards to be classed in the same evaporative emission family, vehicles must be identical with respect to: * * * * * (iii) Fuel type. (14) For vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for which there are applicable evaporative emission standards to be classed in the same evaporative emission control system family, vehicles must be identical with respect to: * * * * * (15) Where vehicles equipped with heavy-duty engines using fuels for which there are applicable evaporative emission standards and which cannot be divided into evaporative emission family-control system combinations based on the criteria listed above, the Administrator will establish evaporative emission family-control system combinations for those vehicles based on features most related to their evaporative emission characteristics. * * * * * 26. Section 86.095-35 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4) heading, (a)(4)(i), (a)(4)(iii)(D), (a)(4)(iii)(E), (c)(1)(ii)(A), (c)(1)(ii)(B)(1), and (g)(1), to read as follows: Sec. 86.095-35 Labeling. * * * * * (a) * * * (4) Heavy-duty vehicles employing a fuel or fuels covered by evaporative emission standards. (i) A permanent, legible label shall be affixed in a readily visible position in the engine compartment. If such vehicles do not have an engine compartment, the label required in paragraphs (a)(4) and (g)(1) of this section shall be affixed in a readily available position on the operator's enclosure or on the engine. * * * * * (iii) * * * (D) The maximum nominal fuel tank capacity (in gallons) for which the evaporative control system is certified (this requirement does not apply to vehicles whose evaporative control system efficiency is not dependent on fuel tank capacity); and (E) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply to XXX- fueled heavy-duty vehicles. * * * * * (c)(1) * * * (ii)(A) For light-duty vehicles, the statement: "This Vehicle Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-Fueled 19XX Model Year New Motor Vehicles." (B) * * * (1) the statement: "This vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to XXX-Fueled 19XX Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks." * * * * * (g) * * * (1) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles employing a fuel or fuels which are nominally liquid at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature for which evaporative emission standards exist shall have the following prominent statement printed on the label required in paragraph (a)(4) of this section: "(Manufacturer's corporate name) has determined that this vehicle conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to 19XX Model Year New XXX-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles when completed with a nominal fuel tank capacity not to exceed XXX gallons. Persons wishing to add fuel tank capacity beyond the above maximum must submit a written statement to the Administrator that the hydrocarbon storage system has been upgraded according to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.095-35(g)(2)." * * * * * 27. Section 86.096-8 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1)(i) including Tables A96-1 and A96-2, and paragraph (b)(1), to read as follows: Sec. 86.096-8 Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty vehicles. (a)(1) * * * (i) Exhaust emissions from 1996 and later model year light-duty vehicles (optional for 1996 model year natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled light-duty vehicles) shall meet all standards in Tables A96-1 and A96- 2 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type. Light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards in Table A96-1 and shall not exceed the applicable standards in Table A96-2. Table A96-1.--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Fuel THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Diesel 0.41 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.08 Methanol 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Natural Gas 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 LPG 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Table A96-2.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Fuel THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Diesel 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.10 Methanol 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Natural Gas 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 LPG 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test. (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak emissions (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test. (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 grams per test. * * * * * 28. Section 86.096-9 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) heading, (b)(1)(i)(A) introductory text, (b)(1)(i)(B)(2), (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(1)(iii), to read as follows: Sec. 86.096-9 Emission standards for 1996 and later model year light-duty trucks. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For gasoline-fueled heavy light-duty trucks with a nominal fuel tank capacity of at least 30 gallons: * * * * * (B) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test. (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 grams per test. * * * * * 29. Section 86.096-10 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) heading, (b)(1)(i)(A)(2), (b)(1)(i)(B), (b)(1)(i)(C), (b)(1)(ii)(A)(2) and (b)(1)(ii)(B), to read as follows: Sec. 86.096-10 Emission standards for 1996 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas- fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines). (i) * * * (A) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 3.5 grams per test. (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 gram per test. (ii) * * * (A) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 4.5 grams per test. (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. * * * * * 30. Section 86.096-11 of subpart A is amended by revising the section heading, by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(2)(ii) and (c), redesignating paragraph (b)(4) as paragraph (b)(5) and revising it, and adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) and (b)(4), to read as follows: Sec. 86.096-11 Emission standards for 1996 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles. (a) * * * (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. * * * * * (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) * * * (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only). * * * * * (b) * * * (4) Evaporative emissions from 1996 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles. (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test. (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test. (5)(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in accordance with those procedures. (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in Sec. 86.091- 23(b)(4)(ii)). (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere from any new 1996 or later model year methanol-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-, natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction. * * * * * 31. Section 86.097-9 of subpart A is amended by revising Tables A97-1 and A97-2 in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A), and Tables A97-3 and A97-4 in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A), to read as follows: Sec. 86.097-9 Emission standards for 1997 and later model year light-duty trucks. (a)(1) * * * (i) * * * (A) * * * Table A97-1.--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks Fuel LVW (lbs) THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Gasoline 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 Diesel 0-3750 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.08 Diesel 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.08 Methanol 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Methanol 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 Natural Gas 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 LPG 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 LPG 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 Table A97-2.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks THC OMHCE Fuel LVW (lbs) /1/ NMHC /1/ OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Gasoline 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Diesel 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.10 Diesel 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Methanol 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Methanol 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Natural Gas 0-3750 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 LPG 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 LPG 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 /1/ Full useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. * * * * * (ii) * * * (A) * * * Table A97-3.--Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks ALVW Fuel (lbs) THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 Gasoline >5750 0.39 5.0 1.1 Diesel 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 Diesel >5750 0.39 5.0 Methanol 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 Methanol >5750 0.39 5.0 1.1 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 Natural Gas >5750 0.39 5.0 1.1 LPG 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 LPG >5750 0.39 5.0 1.1 Table A97-4.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks ALVW Fuel (lbs) THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 3751-5750 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 Gasoline >5750 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 Diesel 3751-5750 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 Diesel >5750 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 Methanol 3751-5750 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 Methanol >5750 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 Natural Gas >5750 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 LPG 3751-5750 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.10 LPG >5750 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12 * * * * * 32. Section 86.098-2 of subpart A is amended by adding the definition for "Fixed liquid level gauge" in alphabetical order, to read as follows: Sec. 86.098-2 Definitions. * * * * * Fixed liquid level gauge means a type of liquid level gauge used on liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles which uses a relatively small positive shutoff valve and is designed to indicate when the liquid level in the fuel tank being filled reaches the proper fill level. The venting of fuel vapor and/or liquid fuel to the atmosphere during the refueling event is generally associated with the use of the fixed liquid level gauge. * * * * * 33. Section 86.098-8 of subpart A is amended by adding new paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (d)(1)(iv), to read as follows: Sec. 86.098-8 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year light-duty vehicles. * * * * * (d) * * * (1) * * * (iii) Hydrocarbons (for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). 0.15 gram per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed. (iv) Refueling receptacle (for natural gas-fueled vehicles). Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1 standard-1994 (as incorporated by reference in Sec. 86.1). * * * * * 34. Section 86.098-10 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i) introductory text, (a)(1)(i)(B)(2), (a)(1)(ii) introductory text, (a)(1)(ii)(B)(2), (a)(3)(i) and (a)(3)(ii), and by adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(C)(3), (a)(1)(ii)(C)(3), (a)(1)(v) and (a)(1)(vi), to read as follows: Sec. 86.098-10 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. * * * * * (a)(1) * * * (i) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use in all vehicles except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this paragraph. * * * * * (B) * * * (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology: 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle. (C) * * * (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquified petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs. (ii) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas, and intended for use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds. * * * * * (B) * * * (2) For Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines fueled with either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas and utilizing aftertreatment technology: 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle. (C) * * * (3) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its liquified petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs. * * * * * (v) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended for use in all vehicles except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 0.9 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.33 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 14.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.36 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust flow at curb idle. (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural gas- fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all of the NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs. (vi) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines intended for use only in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds. (A) Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 1.7 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.63 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (B) Carbon monoxide. (1) 37.1 grams per brake horsepower-hour (13.8 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) For natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment technology. 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle. (C) Oxides of nitrogen. (1) 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its natural gas- fueled Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine families in any or all or the NOX averaging, trading or banking programs for heavy-duty engines, within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.094-15. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may not exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging, trading or banking programs. * * * * * (3)(i) A manufacturer may certify one or more Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine configurations intended for use in all vehicles to the emission standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii), (a)(1)(iv) or (a)(1)(vi) of this paragraph: Provided, that the total model year sales of such configuration(s), segregated by fuel type, being certified to the emission standards in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section represent no more than five percent of total model year sales of each fuel type Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine intended for use in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds by the manufacturer. (ii) The configurations certified to the emission standards of paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (vi) of this section under the provisions of paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section shall still be required to meet the evaporative emission standards set forth in paragraphs Sec. 86.096-10(b)(1)(i), (b)(2)(i) and (b)(3)(i). * * * * * 35. Section 86.098-11 of subpart A is amended by revising the section heading, by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(2)(ii) and (c), and adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) and (b)(4), to read as follows: Sec. 86.098-11 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles. (a) * * * (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. * * * * * (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) * * * (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only). * * * * * (b) * * * (4) Evaporative emissions from 1998 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles. (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test. (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test. (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in accordance with those procedures. (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in Sec. 86.091- 23(b)(4)(ii)). (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere from any new 1998 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction. * * * * * 36. Section 86.098-28 of subpart A is amended by adding a new paragraph (h) to read as follows: Sec. 86.098-28 Compliance with emission standards. * * * * * (h) Fixed liquid level gauge waiver. Liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles which contain fixed liquid level gauges or other gauges or valves which can be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during refueling, and which are being tested for refueling emissions, are not required to be tested with such gauges or valves open, as outlined in Sec. 86.157-98(d)(2), provided the manufacturer can demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, that such gauges or valves would not be opened during refueling in-use due to inaccessibility or other design features that would prevent or make it very unlikely that such gauges or valves could be opened. 37. Section 86.099-8 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1), and adding new paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (d)(1)(iv), to read as follows: Sec. 86.099-8 Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty vehicles. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 2.0 grams per test. (B) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak emissions (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test. (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 grams per test. * * * * * (d) * * * (1) * * * (iii) Hydrocarbons (for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). 0.15 gram per gallon (0.04 gram per liter) of fuel dispensed. (iv) Refueling receptacle (for natural gas-fueled vehicles). Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles shall comply with the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994 standard (as incorporated by reference in Sec. 86.1). * * * * * 38. Section 86.099-9 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) heading, (b)(1)(i)(A) introductory text, (b)(1)(i)(B)(2), (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(1)(iii), to read as follows: Sec. 86.099-9 Emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty trucks. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles). (i)(A) For gasoline-fueled heavy light-duty trucks with a nominal fuel tank capacity of at least 30 gallons: * * * * * (B) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.130-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 2.5 grams per test. (ii) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (iii) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 grams per test. * * * * * 39. Section 86.099-10 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) heading, (b)(1)(i)(A)(2), (b)(1)(i)(B), (b)(1)(i)(C), (b)(1)(ii)(A)(2) and (b)(1)(ii)(B), to read as follows: Sec. 86.099-10 Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) Hydrocarbons (for vehicles equipped with gasoline-fueled, natural gas- fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled engines). (i) * * * (A) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 3.5 grams per test. (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. (C) Fuel dispensing spitback test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 1.0 gram per test. (ii) * * * (A) * * * (2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 4.5 grams per test. (B) Running loss test (gasoline-fueled vehicles only): 0.05 grams per mile. * * * * * 40. Section 86.099-11 of subpart A is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(2)(ii) and (c), and adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) and (b)(4), to read as follows: Sec. 86.099-11 Emission standards for 1999 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles. (a) * * * (1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. * * * * * (iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions. (2) * * * (ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-, natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only). * * * * * (b) * * * (4) Evaporative emissions from 1999 and later model year heavy-duty vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles. (i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test. (ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than 14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test. (iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in accordance with those procedures. (B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than 26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in Sec. 86.091- 23(b)(4)(ii)). (c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere from any new 1999 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction. * * * * * 41. Section 86.101 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a)(3) to read as follows: Sec. 86.101 General applicability. (a) * * * (3) Sections 86.150 through 86.157 describe the refueling test procedures for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks and apply for model years 1998 and later. * * * * * 42. Section 86.104 of subpart B is amended by redesignating paragraph (b) as paragraph (c) and revising it, and adding a new paragraph (b) to read as follows: Sec. 86.104 Section numbering; construction. * * * * * (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model year. (c) Unless indicated otherwise, all provisions in this subpart apply to petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles. 43. Section 86.105 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows: Sec. 86.105 Introduction; structure of subpart. * * * * * (b) Three topics are addressed in this subpart. Sections 86.106 through 86.115 set forth specifications and equipment requirements; Secs. 86.116 through 86.126 discuss calibration methods and frequency; test procedures and data requirements are listed in Secs. 86.127 through 86.157. 44. Section 86.106-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 86.106-94 Equipment required; overview. (a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emissions tests on petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and for evaporative emission tests on gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Certain items of equipment are not necessary for a particular test, e.g., evaporative enclosure when testing petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles. Alternate sampling systems may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator. Equipment required and specifications are as follows: (1) Evaporative emission tests. The evaporative emission test is closely related to and connected with the exhaust emission test. All vehicles tested for evaporative emissions must be tested for exhaust emissions. Further, unless the evaporative emission test is waived by the Administrator under Sec. 86.090-26, all vehicles must undergo both tests. (Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from the evaporative emission standard.) Section 86.107 specifies the necessary equipment. (2) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are subject to testing for both gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions using the CVS concept (Sec. 86.109), except where exemptions or waivers are expressly provided in subpart A of these regulations. Vehicles subject to the "Tier 0" (i.e., phase-out) standards described under subpart A are exempted from testing for methane emissions (except natural gas-fueled vehicles). Otto-cycle vehicles subject to the "Tier 0" standards are waived from testing for particulates. For vehicles waived from the requirement for measuring particulate emissions, use of a dilution tunnel is not required (Sec. 86.109). The CVS must be connected to the dilution tunnel if particulate emission sampling is required (Sec. 86.110). Petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicle testing requires that a PDP-CVS or CFV with heat exchanger be used. (This equipment may be used with methanol-fueled Otto- cycle vehicles; however, particulates need not be measured for vehicles that are waived from the requirement). All gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquified petroleum gas-fueled vehicles are either tested for evaporative emissions or undergo a diurnal heat build. Petroleum- fueled diesel-cycle vehicles are excluded from this requirement. Equipment necessary and specifications appear in Secs. 86.108 through 86.114. (3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and for mileage accumulation are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are specified in Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) for use in exhaust emissions tests is specified in Sec. 86.115 and Appendix I of this part. * * * * * 45. Section 86.106-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 86.106-96 Equipment required; overview. (a) This subpart contains procedures for exhaust emissions tests on petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, and for evaporative emission tests on gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks. Certain items of equipment are not necessary for a particular test, e.g., evaporative enclosure when testing petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles. Alternate sampling systems may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator. Equipment required and specifications are as follows: (1) Evaporative emission tests. The evaporative emission test is closely related to and connected with the exhaust emission test. All vehicles tested for evaporative emissions must undergo testing according to the test sequences described in Sec. 86.130-96; however, the Administrator may omit measurement of exhaust emissions to test for evaporative emissions. The Administrator may truncate a test after any valid emission measurement without affecting the validity of the test. Further, unless the evaporative emission test is waived by the Administrator under Sec. 86.090-26, all vehicles must undergo both tests. (Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from the evaporative emission standard.) Section 86.107 specifies the necessary equipment. (2) Exhaust emission tests. All vehicles subject to this subpart are subject to testing for both gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions using the CVS concept (see Sec. 86.109), except where exemptions or waivers are expressly provided in subpart A of this part. Vehicles subject to the "Tier 0" (i.e., phase-out) standards described under subpart A of this part are exempted from testing for methane emissions. Otto-cycle vehicles subject to the "Tier 0" standards are waived from testing for particulates. For vehicles waived from the requirement for measuring particulate emissions, use of a dilution tunnel is not required (see Sec. 86.109). The CVS must be connected to the dilution tunnel if particulate emission sampling is required (see Sec. 86.110). Petroleum- and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicle testing requires that a PDP-CVS or CFV-CVS with heat exchanger be used. (This equipment may be used with methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles; however, particulates need not be measured for vehicles that are waived from the requirement). All vehicles equipped with evaporative canisters are preconditioned by loading the canisters with hydrocarbon vapors. Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles are excluded from this requirement. (3) Fuel, analytical gas, and driving schedule specifications. Fuel specifications for exhaust and evaporative emissions testing and for mileage accumulation are specified in Sec. 86.113. Analytical gases are specified in Sec. 86.114. The EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) for use in exhaust emissions tests is specified in Sec. 86.115 and Appendix I of this part. * * * * * 46. Section 86.107-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: Sec. 86.107-96 Sampling and analytical system; evaporative emissions. * * * * * (b) * * * (1) For gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles a hydrocarbon analyzer utilizing the hydrogen flame ionization principle (FID) shall be used to monitor the atmosphere within the enclosure (a heated FID (HFID)(235 deg.+/-15 deg.F (113 deg.+/-8 deg.C)) is required for methanol-fueled vehicles). For natural gas-fueled vehicles, the FID may be calibrated using methane, or if calibrated using propane the FID response to methane shall be determined and applied to the FID hydrocarbon reading. Provided evaporative emission results are not effected, a probe may be used to detect or verify hydrocarbon sources during a running loss test. Instrument bypass flow may be returned to the enclosure. The FID shall have a response time to 90 percent of final reading of less than 1.5 seconds. * * * * * 47. Section 86.109-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4), to read as follows: Sec. 86.109-94 Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not requiring particulate emission measurement. * * * * * (b) * * * (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to eliminate water condensation in the system. (300 to 350 cfm (0.142 to 0.165 m/3//s) is sufficient for most petroleum-fueled vehicles. Higher flow rates are required for methanol-fueled vehicles and may be required for natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed in "Calculation of Emissions and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels," EPA 460/3-83-009. (Copies may be obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161; order NZPB 84104702.) * * * * * (c) * * * (4) The flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to virtually eliminate water condensation in the system (300 to 350 cfm (0.142 to 0.165 m/3//s) is sufficient for most petroleum-fueled vehicles). Higher flow rates are required with methanol-fueled vehicles and may be required for natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed in "Calculation of Emission and Fuel Economy When Using Alternative Fuels," EPA 460/3-83-009. * * * * * 48. Section 86.110-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2), (b) heading and introductory text and (b)(3), by redesignating paragraphs (a)(6) and (a)(7) as paragraphs (a)(7) and (a)(8), and by adding a new paragraph (a)(6), to read as follows: Sec. 86.110-94 Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel vehicles and Otto-cycle vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements. * * * * * (a) * * * (2) Bag, continuous HFID (required for petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle and optional for methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), and particulate sampling capabilities as shown in Figure B94-5 (or Figure B94-6) are required to provide both gaseous and particulate emissions sampling capabilities from a single system. * * * * * (6) For natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel vehicles either a heated flame ionization detector (HFID) [375 deg.+/-20 deg.F (191 deg.+/-11 deg.C)] or a non-heated flame ionization detector may be used for hydrocarbon analysis. * * * * * * * * * * (b) Component description--Otto-cycle, petroleum-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles. The components necessary for petroleum-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle and Otto- cycle vehicle exhaust sampling shall meet the following requirements: * * * * * (3) For gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled Otto-cycle and petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, the transfer of heat from the vehicle exhaust gas shall be minimized between the point where it leaves the vehicle tailpipe(s) and the point where it enters the dilution tunnel airstream. To accomplish this, a short length (not more than 12 feet (365 cm) if uninsulated, or not more than 20 feet (610 cm) if insulated) of smooth stainless steel tubing from the tailpipe to the dilution tunnel is required. This tubing shall have a maximum inside diameter of 4.0 inches (10.2 cm). Short sections of flexible tubing at connection points are allowed. * * * * * 49. Section 86.111-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3) introductory text and (b)(3)(v) to read as follows: Sec. 86.111-94 Exhaust gas analytical system. * * * * * (b) * * * (3) For petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles (and if selected, for methanol- fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel vehicles) a continuous hydrocarbon sample shall be measured using a heated analyzer train as shown in Figure B90-5 (or B90-6). The train shall include a heated probe, a heated continuous sampling line, a heated particulate filter and a heated hydrocarbon instrument (HFID) complete with heated pump, filter and flow control system. * * * * * (v) For petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled diesel vehicles, the sample line and filter shall be heated to maintain a sample gas temperature of 375 deg. +/-10 deg.F (191 deg. +/-6 deg.C) before the filter and before the HFID. * * * * * 50. Section 86.113-94 of subpart B is revised to read as follows: Sec. 86.113-94 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline fuel. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the Administrator in exhaust and evaporative emission testing of petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles. Gasoline having the following specification or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer in exhaust and evaporative testing except that octane specifications do not apply; ASTM test method Item No. Value Octane, Research, Min D2699 93 Sensitivity, Min 7.5 Lead (organic): g/U.S. gal. (g/liter) D3237 /1/ 0.050 /1/ (0.013) Distillation Range: IBP:/2/ deg.F ( deg.C) D86 75-95 (23.9-35) 10 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 120-135 (48.9-57.2) 50 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 200-230 (93.3-110) 90 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 300-325 (148.9-162.8): EP, max: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 415 (212.8) Sulfur, weight pct. max D1266 0.10 Phosphorus, max. g/U.S. gal. (g/liter) D3231 0.005 (0.0013) RVP 3,4, psi (kPa) D3231 8.7-9.2 (60.0-63.4) Hydrocarbon composition: Olefins, max. pct D1319 10 Aromatics, max. pct D1319 35 Saturates D1319 (/5/) /1/ Maximum. /2/ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft), the specified range is 75 deg.-105 deg.F (23.9 deg.-40.6 deg.C). /3/ For testing which is unrelated to evaporative emission control, the specified range is 8.0-9.2 psi (55.2-63.4 kPa). /4/ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4,000 ft), the specified range is 7.6-8.0 psi (52-55 kPa). /5/ Remainder. (2)(i) Unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation. Leaded gasoline will not be used in service accumulation. (ii) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 1.0 Research octane number above the minimum recommended by the manufacturer and have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor octane number. (iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the service accumulation takes place. (3) The specification range of the gasoline to be used under paragraph (a) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3). (b) Petroleum diesel test fuel. (1) The petroleum fuels employed for testing diesel vehicles shall be clean and bright, with pour and cloud points adequate for operability. The petroleum diesel fuel may contain nonmetallic additives as follows: Cetane improver, metal deactivator, antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, dispersant and biocide. Fuels specified for emissions testing are intended to be representative of commercially available in-use fuels. (2) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emission testing. The grade of petroleum diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially designated as "Type 2-D" grade diesel, shall be used: ASTM test method Item No. Type 2-D Cetane Number D613 42-50 Distillation range: IBP: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 340-400 (171.1-204.4) 10 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 400-460 (204.4-237.8) 50 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 470-540 (243.3-282.2) 90 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 560-630 (293.3-332.2) EP: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 610-690 (321.1-365.6) Gravity deg.API D287 32-37 Total sulfur pct. D2622 0.03-0.05 Hydrocarbon composition: Aromatics, min. pct. D1319 27 Paraffins, Naphthenes, Olefins D1319 (/1/) Flashpoint, min. deg.F ( deg.C) D93 130 (54.4) Viscosity, centistokes D445 2.0-3.2 /1/ Remainder. (3) Petroleum fuel for diesel vehicles meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used in service accumulation. The grade of petroleum diesel fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially designated as "Type 2-D" grade diesel fuel, shall be used: ASTM test method Item No. Type 2-D Cetane number D613 38-58 Distillation range: 90 pct. point: deg.F ( deg.C) D86 430-630 (221.1-332.2) Gravity, deg.API D287 30-42 Total sulfur, pct D2622 0.03-0.05 Flashpoint, min. deg.F ( deg.C) D93 130 (54.4) Viscosity centistokes D445 1.5-4.5 (4) Other petroleum distillate fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; and (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications is provided prior to the start of testing. (5) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3). (c) Methanol fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation shall be representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist of at least 50 percent methanol by volume. (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (ii) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (2) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; and (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraph (c)(1) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094- 21(b)(3). (d) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel vehicles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible fuel vehicles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the vehicle was designed. (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust testing, evaporative testing and service accumulation) expected to result in the highest emissions, provided: (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer service; and (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result in the highest emissions; and (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (3) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094- 21(b)(3). (e) Natural gas fuel. (1) Natural gas fuel having the following specifications will be used by the Administrator for exhaust and evaporative emission testing of natural gas-fueled vehicles: ASTM test method Item No. Value Methane min. mole pct. D1945 89.0 Ethane max. mole pct. D1945 4.5 C3 and higher max. mole pct. D1945 2.3 C6 and higher max. mole pct. D1945 0.2 Oxygen max. mole pct. D1945 0.6 Inert gases: Sum of CO2 and N2 max. mole pct. D1945 4.0 Odorant /1/ /1/ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration in air of not over 1/5 (one-fifth) of the lower limit of flammability. (2) Natural gas representative of commercially available natural gas fuel which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation for natural gas-fueled vehicles. (3) Other natural gas fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; and (ii) Information acceptable to the Administrator is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (4) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs (e)(1), (e)(2) and (e)(3) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3). (f) Liquefied petroleum gas fuel. (1) Liquefied petroleum gas fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation shall be commercially available liquefied petroleum gas fuel. (i) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (ii) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (2) Other liquefied petroleum gas fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; and (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (3) The specification range of the fuel to be used under paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D2163-61 and reported in accordance with Sec. 86.094-21(b)(3). (g) Fuels not meeting the specifications set forth in this section may be used only with the advance approval of the Administrator. 51. Section 86.121-90 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (b)(3), and adding a new paragraph (d), to read as follows: Sec. 86.121-90 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. * * * * * (a) * * * (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the analyzer a propane (methane as appropriate) in air mixture (methanol in air mixture for methanol-fueled vehicles when optional methanol calibrated HFID procedure is used during the 1994 model year) with a propane (or methane or methanol as appropriate) concentration equal to approximately 90 percent of the most common operating range. * * * * * (b) * * * (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in air calibration gases (either methanol or methane in air as appropriate) having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of that range. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least squares best-fit straight line is two percent or less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds two percent at any point, the best- fit non-linear equation which represents the data to within two percent of each test point shall be used to determine concentration. * * * * * (d) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer is to be used for the analysis of natural gas-fueled vehicle hydrocarbon samples, the methane response factor of the analyzer shall be established. To determine the total hydrocarbon FID response to methane, known methane in air concentrations traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed by the FID. Several methane concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total hydrocarbon FID response to methane is calculated as follows: rCH4=FIDppm/SAMppm Where: (1) rCH4=FID response factor to methane. (2) FIDppm=FID reading in ppmC. (3) SAMppm=the known methane concentration in ppmC. 52. Section 86.127-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(3), (a)(4), (b), (d) introductory text, (d)(2) and (e), to read as follows: Sec. 86.127-96 Test procedures; overview. * * * * * (a) * * * (1) Gaseous exhaust THC, CO, NOX, CO2 (for petroleum-fueled and gaseous- fueled vehicles), plus CH3OH and HCHO for methanol-fueled vehicles, plus CH4 (for vehicles subject to the NMHC and OMNMHCE standards). * * * * * (3) Evaporative HC (for gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled and gaseous-fueled vehicles) and CH3OH (for methanol-fueled vehicles). The evaporative testing portion of the procedure occurs after the exhaust emission test; however, exhaust emissions need not be sampled to complete a test for evaporative emissions. (4) Fuel spitback (this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles). (b) The Otto-cycle exhaust emission test is designed to determine gaseous THC, CO, CO2, CH4, NOX, and particulate mass emissions from gasoline-fueled, methanol-fueled and gaseous-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles as well as methanol and formaldehyde from methanol-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, while simulating an average trip in an urban area of 11 miles (18 kilometers). The test consists of engine start-ups and vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving schedule. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler or critical flow venturi sampler. * * * * * (d) The evaporative emission test (gasoline-fueled vehicles, methanol- fueled and gaseous-fueled vehicles) is designed to determine hydrocarbon and methanol evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature fluctuation, urban driving and hot soaks following drives. It is associated with a series of events that a vehicle may experience and that may result in hydrocarbon and/or methanol vapor losses. The test procedure is designed to measure: * * * * * (2) Running losses resulting from a simulated trip performed on a chassis dynamometer, measured by the enclosure or point-source technique (see Sec. 86.134; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles); and * * * * * (e) Fuel spitback emissions occur when a vehicle's fuel fill neck cannot accommodate dispensing rates. The vehicle test for spitback consists of a short drive followed immediately by a complete refueling event. This test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. * * * * * 53. Section 86.130-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b), to read as follows: Sec. 86.130-96 Test sequence; general requirements. (a) (1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. The test sequence shown in figure B96-10 shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to determine conformity with the standards set forth. The full three-diurnal sequence depicted in figure B96-10 tests vehicles for all sources of evaporative emissions. The supplemental two- diurnal test sequence is designed to verify that vehicles sufficiently purge their evaporative canisters during the exhaust emission test. Sections 86.132-96, 86.133-96 and 86.138-96 describe the separate specifications of the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence. (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. The test sequence shown in figure B96-10 shows the steps encountered as the test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to determine conformity with the standards set forth, with the exception that the fuel drain and fill and precondition canister steps are not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. In addition, the supplemental two-diurnal test and the running loss test are not required. (b) The vehicle test for fuel spitback during fuel dispensing is conducted as a stand-alone test (see Sec. 86.146). This test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. * * * * * 54. Section 86.132-90 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(4) introductory text and (a)(4)(ii) introductory text, to read as follows: Sec. 86.132-90 Vehicle preconditioning. (a) * * * (4) The Administrator may also choose to conduct or require the conduct of additional preconditioning to insure that the evaporative emission control system is stabilized in the case of gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles, or to insure that the exhaust system is stabilized in the case of petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel vehicles. * * * * * (ii) Petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. The preconditioning shall consist of either of the following: * * * * * 55. Section 86.132-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (e)(2) heading and introductory text and (f), to read as follows: Sec. 86.132-96 Vehicle preconditioning. * * * * * (b)(1) Gasoline- and Methanol-Fueled Vehicles. Drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.113, to the "tank fuel volume" defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The fuel cap(s) shall be installed within one minute after refueling. (2) Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles. Vehicle fuel tanks to be filled with fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall be filled to a minimum of 75% of service pressure for natural gas-fueled vehicles or a minimum of 75% of available fill volume for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior draining of the fuel tanks is not called for if the fuel in the tanks already meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. * * * * * (e) * * * (2) For petroleum-fueled diesel, methanol-fueled diesel, and gaseous-fueled vehicles. The preconditioning shall consist of either of the following: * * * * * (f) (1) Gasoline- and Methanol-Fueled Vehicles. Within five minutes of completion of the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the dynamometer and parked. For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles, drain the fuel tank(s) and fill with test fuel, as specified in Sec. 86.113, to the "tank fuel volume" defined in Sec. 86.082-2. The vehicle shall be refueled within one hour of completion of the preconditioning drive. The fuel cap(s) shall be installed within one minute after refueling. (2) Gaseous-Fueled Vehicles. Within five minutes of completion of the preconditioning drive, the vehicle shall be driven off the dynamometer and parked. Vehicle fuel tanks shall be refilled with fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall be filled to a minimum of 75% of service pressure for natural gas-fueled vehicles or a minimum of 75% of available fill volume for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Prior draining of the fuel tanks is not called for if the fuel in the tanks already meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. * * * * * 56. Section 86.133-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(3), to read as follows: Sec. 86.133-96 Diurnal emission test. (a)(1) The diurnal emission test for gasoline-, methanol- and gaseous- fueled vehicles consists of three 24-hour test cycles following the hot soak test. Emissions are measured for each 24-hour cycle, with the highest emission level used to determine compliance with the standards specified in subpart A of this part. The Administrator may truncate a test after any 24- hour cycle without affecting the validity of the collected data. Sampling of emissions from the running loss and hot soak tests is not required as preparation for the diurnal emission test. The diurnal emission test may be conducted as part of either the three-diurnal test sequence or the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, as described in Sec. 86.130-96. * * * * * (3) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence, the diurnal emission test outlined in paragraph (p) of this section follows the alternate hot soak test specified in Sec. 86.138-96(k). This test is not required for gaseous- fueled vehicles. * * * * * 57. Section 86.134-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 86.134-96 Running loss test. (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature urban driving; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles. During operation, tank temperatures are controlled according to a prescribed profile to simulate in- use conditions. If the vehicle is determined to have exceeded the standard before the end of the running loss test, the test may be terminated without invalidating the data. The test can be run either in a sealed enclosure or with the point-source method, as specified in paragraph (g) of this section. * * * * * 58. Section 86.135-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 86.135-94 Dynamometer procedure. * * * * * (a) Overview. The dynamometer run consists of two tests, a "cold" start test, after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according to the provisions of Secs. 86.132 and 86.133, and a "hot" start test following the "cold" start by 10 minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the UDDS and engine shutdown make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air in the dilution tunnel as shown in Figure B94-5 and Figure B94-6. A dilution tunnel is not required for testing vehicles waived from the requirement to measure particulates. Six particulate samples are collected on filters for weighing; the first sample plus backup is collected during the first 505 seconds of the cold start test; the second sample plus backup is collected during the remainder of the cold start test (including shutdown); the third sample plus backup is collected during the hot start test. Continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions are collected for analysis during each test phase. For gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, the composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. For petroleum- fueled diesel-cycle vehicles (optional for natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), THC is sampled and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of Sec. 86.110. Parallel samples of the dilution air are similarly analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. For natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles, bag samples are collected and analyzed for THC (if not sampled continuously), CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. For methanol-fueled vehicles, methanol and formaldehyde samples are taken for both exhaust emissions and dilution air (a single dilution air formaldehyde sample, covering the total test period may be collected). Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOX. Methanol and formaldehyde samples may be omitted for 1990 through 1994 model years when a FID calibrated on methanol is used. * * * * * 59. Section 86.136-90 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a) heading and introductory text and (b), to read as follows: Sec. 86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Otto-cycle vehicles. Paragraph (a) of this section applies to Otto- cycle vehicles. * * * * * (b) Diesel vehicles. The engine shall be started according to the manufacturers recommended starting procedures in the owners manual. The initial 20-second idle period shall begin when the engine starts. The transmission shall be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is started. If necessary, braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels from turning. * * * * * 60. Section 86.138-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 86.138-96 Hot soak test. (a) (1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. For gasoline- and methanol- fueled vehicles, the hot soak test shall be conducted immediately following the running loss test. However, sampling of emissions from the running loss test is not required as preparation for the hot soak test. (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. Since gaseous-fueled vehicles are not required to perform a running loss test, the hot soak test shall be conducted within five minutes of the hot start exhaust test. * * * * * 61. Section 86.140-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (b) introductory text, to read as follows: Sec. 86.140-94 Exhaust sample analysis. * * * * * (a) For CO, CO2, CH4, NOX, and for Otto-cycle and methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled (if non-heated FID option is used) diesel vehicle HC: * * * * * (b) For petroleum-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled (if HFID is used) diesel vehicle HC: * * * * * 62. Section 86.142-90 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraph (o) introductory text and adding paragraphs (q) and (r), to read as follows: Sec. 86.142-90 Records required. * * * * * (o) Additional records required for diesel vehicles: * * * * * (q) Additional required records for natural gas-fueled vehicles. Composition, including all carbon containing compounds; e.g. CO2, of the natural gas-fuel used during the test. C1 and C2 compounds shall be individually reported. C3 and heavier hydrocarbons, and C6 and heavier compounds may be reported as a group. (r) Additional required records for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Composition of the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during the test. Each hydrocarbon compound present, through C4 compounds, shall be individually reported. C5 and heavier hydrocarbons may be reported as a group. 63. Section 86.143-96 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(1)(ii)(B), to read as follows: Sec. 86.143-96 Calculations; evaporative emissions. (a) The following equations are used to calculate the evaporative emissions from gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles, and for gaseous-fueled vehicles. (b) * * * (1) * * * (ii) * * * (B) CHC = FID hydrocarbon concentration as ppm including FID response to methanol (or methane, as appropriate) in the sample. * * * * * 64. Section 86.144-94 of subpart B is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(3)(iv)(C), (c)(5)(ii), (c)(6)(ii), (c)(8)(i) and (c)(8)(ii); redesignating paragraphs (c)(7)(iii) through (c)(7)(xiii) as paragraphs (c)(7)(iv) through (xiv) and revising them; and adding new paragraphs (b)(10), (c)(7)(iii), (c)(8)(vi) and (c)(9), to read as follows: Sec. 86.144-94 Calculations; exhaust emissions. * * * * * (a) * * * (1) YWM = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, CO, OMHCE, NMHC, OMNMHCE, CH4, NOX, or CO2, in grams per vehicle mile. * * * * * (b) * * * (10) Methane mass: CH4MASS=Vmix=DensityCH4=(CH4conc/1,000,000) (c) * * * (1) * * * (ii) DensityHC=Density of total hydrocarbon. (A) For gasoline-fuel, diesel-fuel and methanol fuel; DensityHC=16.33 g/ ft/3/-carbon atom (0.5768 kg/m/3/-carbon atom), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85, at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel; DensityHC=1.1771 (12.011+H/C (1.008)) g/ft/3/-carbon atom (0.04157(12.011+H/C (1.008))kg/m/3/- carbon atom), where H/C is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components of the test fuel, at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. * * * * * (3) * * * (iv) * * * (C) COe=[1-(0.01+0.005HCR) CO2e-0.000323R]COem for methanol-fuel or natural gas-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas-fuel, where HCR is hydrogen-to-carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used. * * * * * (5) * * * (ii) DensityCH3OH=Density of methanol is 37.71 g/ft3-carbon atom (1.332 kg/ m3-carbon atom), at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. * * * * * (6) * * * (ii) DensityHCHO=Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/ft3-carbon atom (1.249 kg/m3-carbon atom), at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. * * * * * (7) * * * x 100 x ----------------------- x + y/2 + 3.76(x + y/4) (iii) DF = ----------------------------------- CO2e + (NMHCe + CH4e + COe) x 10E-4 for natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles where fuel composition is CxHy as measured for the fuel used. (iv)(A) KH=Humidity correction factor. (B) KH=1/[1-0.0047(H-75)]. (C) For SI units, KH=1x[1-0.0329(Hx10.71)]. Where: (v) (A) H=Absolute humidity in grains (grams) of water per pound (kilogram) of dry air. (B) H=[(43.478)Ra x Pd]/[PB-(Pd x Ra/100)]. (C) For SI units, H=[(6.211)Ra x Pd]/[PBx(Pd x Ra/100)]. (vi) Ra=Relative humidity of the ambient air, percent. (vii) Pd=Saturated vapor pressure, mm Hg (kPa) at the ambient dry bulb temperature. (viii) PB=Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa). (ix) (A) Vmix=Total dilute exhaust volume in cubic feet per test phase corrected to standard conditions (528 deg.R (293 deg.K) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)). (B) For PDP-CVS, Vmix is: Vo x N x (PB - P4) x 528 Vmix = ------------------------ 760 x TP (C) For SI units, Vo x N x (PB - P4) x 293 Vmix = ------------------------ 101.3 x TP Where: (x) Vo=Volume of gas pumped by the positive displacement pump, in cubic feet (m3) per revolution. This volume is dependent on the pressure differential across the positive displacement pump. (xi) N=Number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump during the test phase while samples are being collected. (xii) PB=Barometric pressure, mm Hg (kPa). (xiii) P4=Pressure depression below atmospheric measured at the inlet to the positive displacement pump, in mm Hg (kPa) (during an idle mode). (xiv) Tp=Average temperature of dilute exhaust entering positive displacement pump during test, deg.R( deg.K). (8)(i) NMHCconc=HCconc-(rCH4 x CH4conc). (ii) DensityNMHC=The density of non-methane hydrocarbon. (A) For gasoline-fuel and diesel-fuel; DensityNMHC=16.33 g/ft3-carbon atom (0.5768 kg/m3-carbon atom), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85 at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel; DensityNMHC=1.1771(12.011+H/C (1.008)) g/ft3-carbon atom (0.04157(12.011+H/C (1.008))kg/m3-carbon atom), where H/C is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components of the test fuel, at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa) pressure. * * * * * (vi) rCH4=HC FID response to methane for natural gas-fueled vehicles as measured in Sec. 86.121(d). For all other vehicles rCH4=1. (9)(i) CH4mass=Methane emissions, in grams per test phase. (ii) DensityCH4=Density of methane is 18.89 g/ft3-carbon atom (0.6672 kg/ m3-carbon atom), at 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) pressure. * * * * * 65. Section 86.150-98 of subpart B is amended by revising the section heading and adding a new paragraph (d) to read as follows: Sec. 86.150-98 Refueling test procedure; overview. * * * * * (d) For liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles only. Refueling test procedures for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks operated on liquefied petroleum gas are described in Sec. 86.157. 66. A new section 86.157-98 is added to subpart B to read as follows: Sec. 86.157-98 Refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. (a) Equipment. (1) The sampling and analytical system shall meet the specifications in Sec. 86.107-98(a) through (i). (2) The refueling equipment nozzle specifications shall meet the requirements described in Sec. 80.32. (b) General requirements. (1) The refueling test procedure for light-duty liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles and trucks starts with the preconditioning of the vehicle followed by a refueling emissions measurement. The test is conducted by following paragraphs (c) through (f) of this section in order. (2) Ambient temperature levels encountered by the test vehicle throughout the test sequence shall not be less than 68 deg.F (20 deg.C) nor more than 86 deg.F (30 deg.C). (3) The vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of the test sequence to prevent abnormal fuel distribution. (c) Vehicle preconditioning. (1) The vehicle fuel tanks are to be filled with fuel that meets the specifications in Sec. 86.113. Fuel tanks shall be filled to 10 percent of nominal fuel tank capacity, determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter). (2) The vehicle shall be parked (without starting the engine) within the temperature range specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section for a minimum of one hour and a maximum of six hours. (d) Measurement procedure. (1) The steps prior to the actual refueling event described in Sec. 86.154-98(b) through (e)(5) shall be performed. (2) Within one minute of obtaining the initial FID (or HFID) reading, the dispensed fuel nozzle shall be attached to the vehicle fuel receptacle, and the refueling operation shall be started. If the vehicle is equipped with a fixed liquid level gauge or other gauge or valve which could be opened to release fuel or fuel vapor during refueling, and has not received an exemption as outlined in Secs. 86.098-28(h), 86.001-28(h) or 86.004-28(h), the fixed level gauge or other gauges or valves shall be opened after the dispensing nozzle is attached, but prior to the start of the refueling operation. The dispensed fuel must be at a temperature stabilized to approximately the same temperature as the vehicle was in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. The dispensing rate must be typical of in-use dispensing rates for liquefied petroleum gas into light-duty vehicles and trucks. (3) The fuel flow shall continue until the amount of fuel dispensed is at least 85 percent of nominal fuel tank capacity, determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter). (4) Following the fuel shut-off the fixed liquid level gauge or other gauges or valves, if open, shall be closed and the nozzle disconnected. (5) The final reading of the evaporative enclosure FID (or HFID) analyzer shall be taken 60 +/-5 seconds following the disconnect of the refueling nozzle. This is the final hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required in Sec. 86.143. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the initial and final FID (or HFID) readings shall be recorded. (6) For vehicles equipped with more than one fuel tank, the procedures described in this section shall be performed for each fuel tank. (e) Records required. (1) Test: test number, system or device tested (brief description), date and time of day, instrument operated, operator, enclosure barometric pressure and temperature, recorder charts (identify zero, span, and enclosure gas traces), fuel dispensing rate(s) and dispensed fuel volume. (2) Vehicle: ID number, manufacturer, model year, engine family, evaporative/refueling emission family, fuel tank(s) capacity, basic fuel system description and odometer reading. (3) All pertinent instrument information including nozzle and fuel delivery system description. As an alternative, a reference to a vehicle test cell number may be used, with advance approval of the Administrator, provided test cell calibration records show the pertinent instrument information. (4) All additional information necessary for the calculations specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (f) Calculations. (1) The calculation of the net hydrocarbon mass change in the enclosure is used to determine refueling mass emissions. The mass is calculated from initial and final hydrocarbon concentrations in ppm carbon, initial and final enclosure ambient temperatures, initial and final barometric pressures and net volume using the equations of Sec. 86.143. For vehicles with multiple tanks, the results for each tank shall be calculated and then summed to determine overall refueling emissions. (2) The final results for comparison with the refueling control emission standard shall be computed by dividing the total refueling mass emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test (see paragraph (d)(3) of this section). (3) The results of all emission tests shall be rounded, in accordance with ASTM E 29-67 to the number of decimal places contained in the applicable emission standard expressed to one additional significant figure. This procedure has been incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). 67. A new section 86.401-97 is added to subpart E, to read as follows: Sec. 86.401-97 General applicability. (a) This subpart applies to 1978 and later model year, new, gasoline-fueled motorcycles built after 31 December, 1977, and to 1990 and later model year, new, methanol-fueled motorcycles built after 31 December, 1989 and to 1997 and later model year, new, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas- fueled motorcycles built after 31 December, 1996. (b) Motorcycles with engine displacements less than 50 cc (3.1 cu in) are excluded from the requirements of this subpart. (c) Motorcycles are excluded from the requirements of this subpart, if with an 80 kg (176 lb) driver, it cannot: (1) Start from a dead stop using only the engine; or (2) Exceed a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) on level paved surfaces. 68. Section 86.410-90 of subpart E is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory text, to read as follows: Sec. 86.410-90 Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles. (a)(1) Exhaust emissions from 1990 and later model year gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is optional prior to the 1997 model year for natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles): * * * * * 69. Section 86.509-90 of subpart F is amended by revising paragraph (c)(4), to read as follows: Sec. 86.509-90 Exhaust gas sampling system. * * * * * (c) * * * (4) The location of the dilution air inlet shall be placed so as to use test-cell air for dilution air and the flow capacity of the CVS shall be large enough to virtually eliminate water condensation in the system. Control of water condensation with methanol-fueled vehicles is critical. Additional care may also be required to eliminate water condensation when testing natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Procedures for determining CVS flow rates are detailed in "Calculation of Emissions And Fuel Economy When Using Alternate Fuels," EPA 460/3-83-009. * * * * * 70. A new section 86.513-94 is added to subpart F to read as follows: Sec. 86.513-94 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications. (a) Gasoline. (1) Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the Administrator in exhaust emission testing of gasoline-fueled motorcycles. Gasoline having the following specifications or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer for emission testing except that the octane specifications do not apply. Item ASTM Value Octane, research, minimum D2699 96 Lead (organic): g/liter (g/U.S. gal.) D3237 /1/0.013 /1/(0.050) Distillation range: IBP: deg.C ( deg.F) D86 23.9-35 (75-95) 10 pct. point: deg.C ( deg.F) D86 48.9-57.2 (120-135) 50 pct. point: deg.C ( deg.F) D86 93.3-110 (200-230) 90 pct. point: deg.C ( deg.F) D86 148.9-162.8 (300-325) EP: max. deg.C ( deg.F) D86 212.8 (415) Sulfur, max. wt. % D1266 0.10 Phosphorus: max. g/liter (g/U.S. gal.) D3231 0.0013 (0.005) RVP kPa (psi) D323 55.2-63.4 (8.0-9.2) Hydrocarbon composition: Olefins, max., % D1319 10 Aromatics, max., % D1319 35 Saturates D1319 Remainder /1/ Maximum. (2) Unleaded gasoline and engine lubricants representative of commercial fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation. (3) The octane rating of the gasoline used shall be no higher than 4.0 Research octane numbers above the minimum recommended by the manufacturer. (4) The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used shall be characteristic of commercial gasoline fuel during the season in which the service accumulation takes place. (b) Methanol fuel. (1) Methanol fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation of methanol-fueled motorcycles shall be representative of commercially available methanol fuel and shall consist of at least 50 percent methanol by volume. (2) Manufacturers shall recommend the methanol fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (3) The Administrator shall determine the methanol fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (4) Other methanol fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; and (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Use of a fuel listed under paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this section would have a detrimental effect on emissions or durability; and (iv) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (c) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for flexible fuel motorcycles. (1) Mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and service accumulation for flexible fuel motorcycles shall be within the range of fuel mixtures for which the motorcycle was designed. (2) Manufacturer testing and service accumulation may be performed using only those mixtures (mixtures may be different for exhaust testing, evaporative testing and service accumulation) expected to result in the highest emissions, provided: (i) The fuels which constitute the mixture will be used in customer service; (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided by the manufacturer to show that the designated fuel mixtures would result in the highest emissions; and (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (d) Natural gas-fuel. (1) Natural gas-fuel having the following specifications will be used by the Administrator for exhaust and evaporative emission testing of natural gas-fueled motorcycles. Natural gas-fuel having the following specifications or substantially similar specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used by the manufacturer for emission testing. Natural Gas Certification Fuel Specifications ASTM test method Item No. Value Methane min. mole pct. D1945 89.0 Ethane max. mole pct. D1945 4.5 C3 and higher max. mole pct. D1945 2.3 C6 and higher max. mole pct. D1945 0.2 Oxygen max. mole pct. D1945 0.6 Inert gases: Sum of CO2 and N2 max. mole pct. D1945 4.0 Odorant /1/ /1/ The natural gas at ambient conditions must have a distinctive odor potent enough for its presence to be detected down to a concentration in air of not over 1/5 (one-fifth) of the lower limit of flammability. (2) Natural gas-fuel and engine lubricants representative of commercial fuels and engine lubricants which will be generally available through retail outlets shall be used in service accumulation. (3) Other natural gas-fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (e) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel. (1) Liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing and in service accumulation of liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles shall be commercially available liquefied petroleum gas-fuel. (2) Manufacturers shall recommend the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation in accordance with paragraph (e)(1) of this section. (3) The Administrator shall determine the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel to be used for testing and service accumulation. (4) Other liquefied petroleum gas-fuels may be used for testing and service accumulation provided: (i) They are commercially available; (ii) Information, acceptable to the Administrator, is provided to show that only the designated fuel would be used in customer service; and (iii) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. (f) Lubricants. (1) If the manufacturer specifies several lubricants to be used by the ultimate purchaser, the Administrator will select one to be used during service accumulation. (2) The same lubricant(s) shall be used for both service accumulation and emission testing. (g) The specification range of the fuels and of the engine lubricants to be used under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of this section shall be reported in accordance with Sec. 86.416. (h) Written approval from the Administrator of the fuel and lubricant specifications must be provided prior to the start of testing. 71. Section 86.521-90 of subpart F is amended by revising paragraphs (b) introductory text, (b)(2) and (c)(3), and adding a new paragraph (e), to read as follows: Sec. 86.521-90 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. * * * * * (b) Initial and periodic optimization of detector response. Prior to its introduction into service and at least annually thereafter, the FID hydrocarbon analyzer shall be adjusted for optimum hydrocarbon response. Analyzers used with petroleum fuels and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel shall be optimized using propane. Analyzers used with natural gas-fuel for measurement of hydrocarbons shall be optimized using methane. If a single analyzer is used for all measurements, it shall be optimized using propane and its response factor for methane shall be determined and accounted for in measurements of total hydrocarbons from natural gas-fuel. Alternate methods yielding equivalent results may be used, if approved in advance by the Administrator. * * * * * (2) Optimize on the most common operating range. Introduce into the analyzer a propane (methane as appropriate) in air mixture (methanol in air mixture for methanol-fueled vehicles when optional methanol calibrated FID procedure is used during the 1990 through 1994 model year) with a propane (or methane or methanol as appropriate) concentration equal to approximately 90 percent of the most common operating range. * * * * * (c) * * * (3) Calibrate on each normally used operating range with propane in air (or methanol or methane in air as appropriate) calibration gases having nominal concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 percent of that range. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least squares best-fit straight line is two percent or less of the value at each data point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a single calibration factor for that range. If the deviation exceeds two percent at any point, the best-fit non- linear equation which represents the data to within two percent of each test point shall be used to determine concentration. * * * * * (e) FID response factor to methane. When the FID analyzer is to be used for the analysis of natural gas-fueled motorcycle hydrocarbon samples, the methane response factor of the analyzer shall be established. To determine the total hydrocarbon FID response to methane, known methane in air concentrations traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) shall be analyzed by the FID. Several methane concentrations shall be analyzed by the FID in the range of concentrations in the exhaust sample. The total hydrocarbon FID response to methane is calculated as follows: rCH4 = FIDppm/SAMppm Where: (1) rCH4 = FID response factor to methane. (2) FIDppm = FID reading in ppmC. (3) SAMppm = the known methane concentration in ppmC. 72. Section 86.527-90 of subpart F is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (c) and (d), to read as follows: Sec. 86.527-90 Test procedures, overview. (a) The procedures described in this and subsequent sections are used to determine the conformity of motorcycles with the standards set forth in subpart E of this part. * * * * * (c) The exhaust emission test is designed to determine hydrocarbon (gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles), methanol, formaldehyde, and hydrocarbon (methanol-fueled motorcycles), carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen mass emissions while simulating an average trip in an urban area. The test consists of engine startups and motorcycle operation on a chassis dynamometer, through a specified driving schedule. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust emissions is collected continuously for subsequent analysis, using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. (d) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motorcycle shall be functioning during all procedures in this Subpart. Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be authorized in accordance with subpart E of this part. 73. Section 86.540-90 of subpart F is amended by revising paragraph (a) introductory text to read as follows: Sec. 86.540-90 Exhaust sample analysis. * * * * * (a) For CO, CO2, gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and methanol-fueled motorcycle HC and, if appropriate, NOX: * * * * * 74. Section 86.542-90 of subpart F is amended by adding paragraphs (q) and (r), to read as follows: Sec. 86.542-90 Records required. * * * * * (q) Additional required records for natural gas-fueled vehicles. Composition, including all carbon containing compounds; e.g. CO2, of the natural gas-fuel used during the test. C1 and C2 compounds shall be individually reported. C3 and heavier hydrocarbons and C6 and heavier compounds may be reported as a group. (r) Additional required records for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles. Composition of the liquefied petroleum gas-fuel used during the test. Each hydrocarbon compound present, through C4 compounds, shall be individually reported. C5 and heavier hydrocarbons may be reported as a group. 75. Section 86.544-90 of subpart F is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(v), (c)(1)(ix), (c)(3)(iv)(C) and (c)(7)(ii), to read as follows: Sec. 86.544-90 Calculations; exhaust emissions. * * * * * (c) * * * (1) * * * (ii) DensityHC=Density of HC in exhaust gas. (A) For gasoline-fuel; DensityHC=576.8 g/m3-carbon atom (16.33 g/ft3- carbon atom), assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85, at 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) pressure. (B) For natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel; DensityHC=41.57(12.011+H/C(1.008)) g/m3-carbon atom (1.1771(12.011+H/ C(1.008)) g/ft3-carbon atom) where H/C is the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components of test fuel, at 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) and 101.3 kPa (760mm Hg) pressure. * * * * * (v) FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbon (plus methanol if methanol-fueled motorcycle is tested) in dilute exhaust as measured by the FID ppm carbon equivalent. * * * * * (ix) FID HCd=Concentration of hydrocarbon (plus methanol if methanol-fueled motorcycle is tested) in dilution air as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent. * * * * * (3) * * * (iv) * * * (C) COe=[1 - (0.01+0.005HCR) CO2e - 0.000323R]COem for methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles, where HCR is hydrogen to carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used. * * * * * (7) * * * For methanol-fueled, natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled motorcycles where fuel composition is CxHyOz as measured for the fuel used (for natural gas-fuel and liquefied petroleum gas-fuel, Z=0). * * * * * x 100 x ----------------------------- x + y/2 + 3.76(x + y/4 - z/2) (ii) DF = ------------------------------------ CO2e + (HCe + COe + CCH3OHe) x 10E-4 76. Section 86.708-94 of subpart H is amended by revising Tables H94-3, H94-4, H94-6 and H94-7 following paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) to read as follows: Sec. 86.708-94 In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year light duty vehicles. * * * * * (a)(1) * * * (i) * * * (A) * * * (3) * * * * * * * * Table H94-3.--Intermediate Useful Life/1/ Standards (g/mi) for LIght-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX Fuel Standards THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX Gasoline Tier 0 0.41 3.4 1.0 Gasoline Tier 1I 0.41 0.32 3.4 0.4 Gasoline Tier 1 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 Diesel Tier 0 0.41 3.4 1.0 Diesel Tier 1I 0.41 0.32 3.4 1.0 Diesel Tier 1 0.41 0.25 3.4 1.0 Methanol Tier 0 0.41 3.4 1.0 Methanol Tier 1I 0.41 0.32 3.4 0.4 Methanol Tier 1 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 Natural Gas Tier 0 0.34 3.4 1.0 Natural Gas Tier 1I 0.32 3.4 0.4 Natural Gas Tier 1 0.25 3.4 0.4 LPG Tier 0 0.41 3.4 1.0 LPG Tier 1I 0.41 0.32 3.4 0.4 LPG Tier 1 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. Table H94-4.--Full Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX Fuel Standards THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX Gasoline Tier 0 Gasoline Tier 1 0.31 4.2 0.60 Diesel Tier 0 Diesel Tier 1 0.31 4.2 1.25 Methanol Tier 0 Methanol Tier 1 0.31 4.2 0.60 Natural Gas Tier 0 Natural Gas Tier 1 0.31 4.2 0.60 LPG Tier 0 LPG Tier 1 0.31 4.2 0.60 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * Table H94-6.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for PM Fuel Standards PM Gasoline Tier 0 Gasoline Tier 1 0.08 Diesel Tier 0 0.20 Diesel Tier 1 0.08 Methanol Tier 0 /2/ 0.20 Methanol Tier 1 10.08 Natural Gas Tier 0 /2/ 0.20 Natural Gas Tier 1 0.08 LPG Tier 0 /2/ 0.20 LPG Tier 1 0.08 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles. Table H94-7.--Full Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for PM Fuel Standards PM Gasoline Tier 0 Gasoline Tier 1 0.10 Diesel Tier 0 Diesel Tier 1 0.10 Methanol Tier 0 Methanol Tier 1 0.10 Natural Gas Tier 0 Natural Gas Tier 1 0.10 LPG Tier 0 LPG Tier 1 0.10 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * 77. Section 86.708-98 of subpart H is amended by revising Tables H98-1 and H98-2 following paragraph (a)(1)(i) to read as follows: Sec. 86.708-98 In-use emission standards for 1998 and later model year light-duty vehicles. * * * * * (a)(1)(i) * * * Table H98-1.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Fuel THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOx PM Gasoline 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Diesel 0.41 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.08 Methanol 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Natural Gas 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 LPG 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. Table H98-2.--Full Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles Fuel THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOx PM Gasoline 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Diesel 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.10 Methanol 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Natural Gas 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 LPG 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * 78. Section 86.709-94 of subpart H is amended by revising Tables H94-9, H94-10, H94-12 and H94-13 following paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(3), and Tables H94-15, H94-16 and H94-18 following paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A)(2), to read as follows: Sec. 86.709-94 In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year light-duty trucks. * * * * * (a)(1) * * * (i) * * * (A) * * * (3) * * * * * * * * Table H94-9.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX Fuel LVW (lbs) Standards THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOx Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.2 Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.32 5.2 0.4 Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.25 3.4 0.4 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.7 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 11 0.80 0.41 6.7 0.7 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.2 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 11 0.80 0.32 5.2 1.2 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.25 3.4 1.0 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.7 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 11 0.80 0.41 6.7 1.7 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.97 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.2 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 11 0.80 0.32 5.2 0.4 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.25 3.4 0.4 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.7 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 11 0.80 0.41 6.7 0.7 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 0.67 10 1.2 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 11 0.32 5.2 0.4 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 0.25 3.4 0.4 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.67 10 1.7 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 11 0.41 6.7 0.7 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.32 4.4 0.7 LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.2 LPG 0-3750 Tier 11 0.80 0.32 5.2 0.4 LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 0.25 3.4 0.4 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 10 1.7 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 11 0.80 0.41 6.7 0.7 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. Table H94-10.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX Line No. Fuel LVW (lbs) Standards THC/2/ 1. Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 2. Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 3. Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 4. Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 5. Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 6. Diesel 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 7. Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 8. Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.80 9. Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 10. Methanol 0-3750 Tier 1 11. Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 0 12. Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 13. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 2.93 14. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 2.93 15. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 0 2.93 16. Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 2.93 17. LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 0.80 18. LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.80 19. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.80 20. LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 [ ...Table continues... ] Line No. NMHC/1/ OMHCE/2/ OMNMHCE/1/ CO/1/ NOX/1/ 1. 10 1.2 2. 0.31 4.2 0.60 3. 10 1.7 4. 0.40 5.5 0.97 5. 10 1.2 6. 0.31 4.2 1.25 7. 10 1.7 8. 0.40 5.5 0.97 9. 0.80 10 1.2 10. 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.60 11. 0.80 10 1.7 12. 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 13. 0.67 10 1.2 14. 0.31 4.2 0.60 15. 0.67 10 1.7 16. 0.40 5.5 0.97 17. 10 1.2 18. 0.31 4.2 0.60 19. 10 1.7 20. 0.40 5.5 0.97 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, which ever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * Table H94-12.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for PM Fuel LVW (lbs) Standards PM Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 1 0.08 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 0 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.26 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 1 0.08 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.13 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 1 0.08 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 0 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 0.08 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.08 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.08 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles. Table H94-13.--Full Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for PM Fuel LVW (lbs) Standards PM Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 1 0.10 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 0 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.26 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 1 0.10 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 0 0.13 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 1 0.10 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 0 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 1 0.10 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 LPG 0-3750 Tier 1 0.10 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles. * * * * * (ii) * * * (A) * * * (2) * * * * * * * * Table H94-15.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi)i for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX LVW ALVW Line No. Fuel (lbs) (lbs) Standards 1. Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 2. Gasoline 5750 Tier 1I 6. Gasoline > 5750 Tier 1 7. Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 8. Diesel 5750 Tier 1I 13. Diesel 5750 Tier 1I 14. Diesel > 5750 Tier 1 15. Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 16. Methanol 5750 Tier 1I 26. Natural Gas > 5750 Tier 1 27. LPG 0-3570 Tier 0 28. LPG 5750 Tier 1I 32. LPG > 5750 Tier 1 [ ...Table continues... ] Line No. THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX 1. 0.80 10 1.2 2. 0.80 10 1.7 3. 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.88 4. 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 5. 0.80 0.49 6.2 1.38 6. 0.80 0.39 5.0 1.1 7. 0.80 10 1.2 8. 0.80 10 1.7 9. 0.80 0.40 5.5 1.2 10. 0.80 0.40 5.5 1.7 11. 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.98 12. 0.80 0.49 6.2 1.2 13. 0.80 0.49 6.2 1.7 14. 0.80 0.39 5.0 1.53 15. 0.80 10 1.2 16. 0.80 10 1.7 17. 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.88 18. 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 19. 0.80 0.49 6.2 1.38 20. 0.80 0.39 5.0 1.1 21. 0.67 10 1.2 22. 0.67 10 1.7 23. 0.40 5.5 0.88 24. 0.32 4.4 0.7 25. 0.49 6.2 1.38 26. 0.39 5.0 1.1 27. 0.80 10 1.2 28. 0.80 10 1.7 29. 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.88 30. 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 31. 0.80 0.49 6.2 1.38 32. 0.80 0.39 5.0 1.1 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. Table H94-16.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO and NOX LVW ALVW Line No. Fuel (lbs) (lbs) Standards 1. Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 2. Gasoline 5750 Tier 1 5. Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 6. Diesel 5750 Tier 1 9. Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 10. Methanol 5750 Tier 1 13. Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 14. Natural Gas 5750 Tier 1 17. LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 18. LPG 5750 Tier 1 [ ...Table continues... ] THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO Line No. /2/ /1/ /2/ /1/ /1/ NOX/1/ 1. 0.80 10 1.2 2. 0.80 10 1.7 3. 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 4. 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 5. 0.80 10 1.2 6. 0.80 10 1.7 7. 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 8. 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 9. 0.80 10 1.2 10. 0.80 10 1.7 11. 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 12. 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 13. 0.67 10 1.2 14. 0.67 10 1.7 15. 0.46 6.4 0.98 16. 0.56 7.3 1.53 17. 0.80 10 1.2 18. 0.80 10 1.7 19. 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 20. 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 /1/ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 90,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * Table H94-18.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for PM LVW ALVW Fuel (lbs) (lbs) Standards PM Gasoline 0-3750 Tier 0 Gasoline > 3750 Tier 0 Gasoline 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Gasoline > 5750 Tier 1 0.12 Diesel 0-3750 Tier 0 0.26 Diesel > 3750 Tier 0 0.13 Diesel 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Diesel > 5750 Tier 1 0.12 Methanol 0-3750 Tier 0 Methanol > 3750 Tier 0 Methanol 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Methanol > 5750 Tier 1 0.12 Natural Gas 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 Natural Gas > 3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 Natural Gas 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 Natural Gas > 5750 Tier 1 0.12 LPG 0-3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.26 LPG > 3750 Tier 0 /2/ 0.13 LPG 3751-5750 Tier 1 0.10 LPG > 5750 Tier 1 0.12 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles. * * * * * 79. Section 86.709-99 of subpart H is amended by revising Tables H99-1 and H99-2 following paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A), and Tables H99-3 and H99-4 following paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A), to read as follows: Sec. 86.709-99 In-use emission standards for 1999 and later model year light-duty trucks. * * * * * (a)(1)(i)(A) * * * Table H99-1.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/ mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks Fuel LVW (lbs) THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Gasoline 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 Diesel 0-3750 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.08 Diesel 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.97 0.08 Methanol 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Methanol 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 Natural Gas 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 LPG 0-3750 0.25 3.4 0.4 0.08 LPG 3751-5750 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.08 /1/ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. Table H99-2.--Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO PM Fuel LVW (lbs) /2/ /1/ /2/ /1/ /1/ NOX/1/ /1/ Gasoline 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Gasoline 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Diesel 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.10 Diesel 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Methanol 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Methanol 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 Natural Gas 0-3750 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 Natural Gas 3751-5750 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 LPG 0-3750 0.80 0.31 4.2 0.6 0.10 LPG 3751-5750 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.10 /1/ The applicable useful life is 10 yeras or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs. /2/ The applicable useful life is 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever first occurs. * * * * * (ii)(A) * * * Table H99-3.--Intermediate Useful Life /1/ Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks ALVW Fuel (lbs) THC NMHC OMHCE OMNMHCE CO NOX PM Gasoline 3751-5750 0.80 0.32 4.4 0.7 0.10 Gasoline