U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA Office of Training and Education
May 1996
On August 30, 1996, OSHA issued revised scaffold standards, known as "Safety
Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry", and found in Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) Part 1926, Subpart L. The following information applies to the previous standard. While it still contains
relevant safety information, the reader should refer to the current Standard for compliance.
Scaffolds shall be erected in accordance with requirements of this section.
The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load
without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks, shall not
be used to support scaffolds or planks.
No scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered except under the supervision of competent persons.
Guardrails and toeboards shall be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the
ground or floor, except needle beam scaffolds and floats [see paragraphs (p) and (w) of this section]. Scaffolds 4
feet to 10 feet in height, having a minimum horizontal dimension in either direction of less than 45 inches, shall
have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform.
Guardrails shall be 2 x 4 inches, or the equivalent, approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, when required.
Supports shall be at intervals not to exceed 8 feet. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height.
Where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffold, scaffolds shall be provided with a screen between the
toeboard and the guardrail, extending along the entire opening, consisting of No. 18 gauge U.S. Standard wire = -
inch mesh, or the equivalent.
Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least 4 times the maximum intended
load.
Any scaffold including accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs, ladders, etc. damaged or weakened
from any cause shall be immediately repaired or replaced.
All load-carrying timber members of scaffold framing shall be a minimum of 1,500 fiber (Stress Grade) construction
grade lumber. All dimensions are nominal sizes as provided in the American Lumber Standards, except that where rough
sizes are noted, only rough or undressed lumber of the size specified will satisfy minimum requirements.
All planking shall be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood
used. The maximum permissible spans for 2- x 10-inch or wider planks shall be as shown in Table L-3.
The maximum permissible span for 1 <- x 9-inch or wider plank of full thickness shall be 4 feet with medium duty
loading of 50 p.s.f.
All planking of platforms shall be overlapped (minimum 12 inches), or secured from movement.
An access ladder or equivalent safe access shall be provided.
Scaffold planks shall extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 12 inches.
The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds shall be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and
displacement.
Overhead protection shall be provided for employees on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.
Slippery conditions on scaffolds shall be eliminated as soon as possible after they occur.
No welding, burning, riveting, or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of fiber or
synthetic rope. Only treated or protected fiber or synthetic ropes shall be used for or near any work involving the
use of corrosive substances or chemicals. Specific requirements for boatswain's chairs and float or ship scaffolds
are contained in paragraphs (l) and (w) of this section.
Wire, synthetic, or fiber rope used for scaffold suspension shall be capable of supporting at least 6 times the rated
load.
The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited.
Lumber sizes, when used in this subpart, refer to nominal sizes except where otherwise stated.
Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold shall have a tag line.
Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.
Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard.
Wood Pole Scaffolds
Scaffold poles shall bear on a foundation of sufficient size and strength to spread the load from the pole over a
sufficient area to prevent settlement. All poles shall be set plumb.
Where wood poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower
section. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides and shall be not less than 4 feet in
length, overlapping the abutted ends equally, and have the same width and not less than the cross-sectional area of
the pole. Splice plates or other materials of equivalent strength may be used.
Independent pole scaffolds shall be set as near to the wall of the building as practicable.
All pole scaffolds shall be securely guyed or tied to the building or structure. Where the height or length exceeds
25 feet, the scaffold shall be secured at intervals not greater than 25 feet vertically and horizontally. and the
ends shall be secured to prevent their dislodgment.
When a scaffold materially changes its direction, the platform planks shall be laid to prevent tipping. The planks
that meet the corner putlog at an angle shall be laid first, extending over the diagonally placed putlog far enough
to have a good safe bearing, but not far enough to involve any danger from tipping. The planking running in the
opposite direction at an angle shall be laid so as to extend over and rest on the first layer of planking.
When moving platforms to the next level, the old platform shall be left undisturbed until the new putlogs or bearers
have been set in place, ready to receive the platform planks.
Guardrails, made of lumber not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section, when required.
All wood pole scaffolds 60 feet or less in height shall be constructed and erected in accordance with Tables L-4 to
10. If they are over 60 feet in height, they shall be designed by a qualified engineer competent in this field, and
it shall be constructed and erected in accordance with such design.
Tube and Coupler Scaffolds
A light duty tube and coupler scaffold shall have all posts, bearers, runners, and bracing of nominal 2-inch O.D.
steel tubing. The posts shall be spaced no more than 6 feet apart by 10 feet along the length of the scaffold. Other
structural metals when used must be designed to carry an equivalent load. No dissimilar metals shall be used
together.
A medium duty tube and coupler scaffold shall have all posts, runners, and bracing of nominal 2-inch O.D. steel
tubing. Posts spaced not more than 6 feet apart by 8 feet along the length of the scaffold shall have bearers of
nominal 2 =-inch O.D. steel tubing. Posts spaced not more than 5 feet apart by 8 feet along the length of the
scaffold shall have bearers of nominal 2-inch O.D. steel tubing. Other structural metals, when used, must be designed
to carry an equivalent load. No dissimilar metals shall be used together.
A heavy duty tube and coupler scaffold shall have all posts, runners, and bracing of nominal 2-inch O.D. steel
tubing, with the posts spaced not more than 6 feet by 6 feet-6 inches. Other structural metals, when used, must be
designed to carry an equivalent load. No dissimilar metals shall be used together.
Tube and coupler scaffolds shall be limited in heights and working levels to those permitted in Tables L-10, 11, and
12. Drawings and specifications of all tube and coupler scaffolds above the limitations in Tables L-10, 11, and 12
shall be designed by a qualified engineer competent in this field.
All tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed and erected to support four times the maximum intended loads, as
set forth in Tables L-10, 11, and 12, or as set forth in the specifications by a licensed professional engineer
competent in this field.
Posts shall be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb.
Runners shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts at even
height. Runners shall be interlocked to the inside and the outside posts at even heights. Runners shall be
interlocked to form continuous lengths and coupled to each post. The bottom runners shall be located as close to the
base as possible. Runners shall be placed not more than 6 feet-6 inches on centers.
Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts and shall be securely coupled to the posts bearing on the
runner coupler. When coupled directly to the runners, the coupler must be kept as close to the posts as possible.
Bearers shall be at least 4 inches but not more than 12 inches longer than the post spacing or runner spacing.
Cross bracing shall be installed across the width of the scaffold at least every third set of posts horizontally and
every fourth runner vertically. Such bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner and outer runners upward to the
next outer and inner runners.
Longitudinal diagonal bracing on the inner and outer rows of poles shall be installed at approximately a 45 deg.
angle from near the base of the first outer post upward to the extreme top of the scaffold. Where the longitudinal
length of the scaffold permits, such bracing shall be duplicated beginning at every fifth post. In a similar manner,
longitudinal diagonal bracing shall also be installed from the last post extending back and upward toward the first
post. Where conditions preclude the attachment of this bracing to the posts, it may be attached to the runners.
The entire scaffold shall be tied to and securely braced against the building at intervals not to exceed 30 feet
horizontally and 26 feet vertically.
Guardrails, made of lumber not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboard shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above the
ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance with
paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds
Metal tubular frame scaffolds, including accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs, ladders, etc.,
shall be designed, constructed, and erected to safely support four times the maximum rated load.
Spacing of panels or frames shall be consistent with the loads imposed.
Scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross bracing or diagonal braces, or both, for securing vertical members
together laterally, and the cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and aline vertical
members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. All brace connections shall be made secure.
Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases placed on mud sills or other foundations adequate to
support the maximum rated load.
The frames shall be placed one on top of the other with coupling or stacking pins to provide proper vertical
alinement of the legs.
Where uplift may occur, panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or other equivalent suitable means.
To prevent movement, the scaffold shall be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet
horizontally and 26 feet vertically.
Maximum permissible spans or planking shall be in conformity with paragraph (a)(10) of this section.
Drawings and specifications for all frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height above the base plates shall be designed
by a registered professional engineer.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection), and
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Manually Propelled Mobile Scaffolds
When free-standing mobile scaffold towers are used, the height shall not exceed four times the minimum base
dimension.
Casters shall be properly designed for strength and dimensions to support four times the maximum intended load. All
casters shall be provided with a positive locking device to hold the scaffold in position.
Scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross bracing and horizontal bracing conforming with paragraph (d)(3) of this
section.
Platforms shall be tightly planked for the full width of the scaffold except for necessary entrance opening.
Platforms shall be secured in place.
A ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access and exit and shall be affixed or built into the scaffold and
so located that when in use it will not have a tendency to tip the scaffold. A landing platform must be provided at
intervals not to exceed 35 feet.
The force necessary to move the mobile scaffold shall be applied near or as close to the base as practicable and
provision shall be made to stabilize the tower during movement from one location to another. Scaffolds shall only be
moved on level floors, free of obstructions and openings.
The employer shall not allow employees to ride on manually propelled scaffolds unless the following conditions exist:
The floor or surface is within 3 degrees of level, and free from pits, holes, or obstructions;
The minimum dimension of the scaffold base when ready for rolling, is at least one-half of the height.
Outriggers, if used, shall be installed on both sides of staging;
The wheels are equipped with rubber or similar resilient tires;
All tools and materials are secured or removed from the platform before the mobile scaffold is moved.
Scaffolds in use by any persons shall rest upon a suitable footing and shall stand plumb. The
casters or wheels shall be locked to prevent any movement.
Mobile scaffolds constructed of metal members shall also conform to applicable provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), or
(d) of this section, depending on the material of which they are constructed.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms
Applicable requirements of American National Standards Institute A92.2-1969, Vehicle Mounted
Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms, shall be complied with for such equipment, as required by the
provisions of 1926.556.
Outrigger Scaffolds
Outrigger beams shall extend not more than 6 feet beyond the face of the building. The inboard end of outrigger
beams, measured from the fulcrum point to anchorage point, shall be not less than 1 = times the outboard end in
length. The beams shall rest on edge, the sides shall be plumb, and the edges shall be horizontal. The fulcrum point
of the beam shall rest on a secure bearing at least 6 inches in each horizontal dimension. The beam shall be secured
in place against movement and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping.
The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of struts bearing against sills in
contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or
by both if necessary. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be secured against tipping and the entire supporting
structure shall be securely braced in both directions to prevent any horizontal movement.
Unless outrigger scaffolds are designed by a registered professional engineer competent in this field, they shall be
constructed and erected in accordance with Table L-13. Outrigger scaffolds, designed by a registered professional
engineer, shall be constructed and erected in accordance with such design.
Planking shall be laid tight and shall extend to within 3 inches of the building wall. Planking shall be secured to
the beams.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
The scaffold shall be capable of sustaining a working load of 50 pounds per square foot and shall not be loaded in
excess of that figure.
The scaffold shall be provided with hoisting machines that meet the requirements of Underwriters' Laboratories or
Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation.
The platform shall be supported by wire ropes, capable of supporting at least 6 times the intended load, suspended
from overhead outrigger beams.
The scaffold outrigger beams shall consist of structural metal securely fastened or anchored to the frame or floor
system of the building or structure.
Each outrigger beam shall be equivalent in strength to at least a standard 7-inch, 15.3-pound steel I-beam, at least
15 feet long, and shall not project more than 6 feet 6 inches beyond the bearing point.
Where the overhang exceeds 6 feet 6 inches, outrigger beams shall be composed of stronger beams or multiple beams and
be installed under the supervision of a competent person.
All outrigger beams shall be set and maintained with their webs in a vertical position.
A stop bolt shall be placed at each end of every outrigger beam.
The outrigger beam shall rest on suitable wood bearing blocks.
The free end of the suspension wire ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by splicing or
other equivalent means. The running ends shall be securely attached to the hoisting drum and at least four turns of
wire rope shall at all times remain on the drum. The use of fiber rope is prohibited.
Where a single outrigger beam is used, the steel shackles or clevises with which the wire ropes are attached to the
outrigger beams shall be placed directly over the hoisting drums.
The scaffold platform shall be equivalent in strength to at least 2-inch planking. [For maximum planking spans, see
paragraph (a)(11) of this section.]
When employees are at work on the scaffold and an overhead hazard exists, overhead protection shall be provided on
the scaffold, not more than 9 feet above the platform, consisting of 2-inch planking, or material of equivalent
strength, laid tight, and extending not less than the width of the scaffold.
Each scaffold shall be installed or relocated under the supervision of a competent person.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all
scaffolds more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh
shall be installed in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
(Swinging Scaffolds) Two-Point Suspension
Two-point suspension scaffold platforms shall be not less than 20 inches nor more than 36 inches wide overall. The
platform shall be securely fastened to the hangers by U-bolts or by other equivalent means.
The hangers of two-point suspension scaffolds shall be made of mild steel, or other equivalent materials, having a
cross-sectional area capable of sustaining 4 times the maximum rated load, and shall be designed with a support for
guardrail, intermediate rail, and toeboard.
When hoisting machines are used on two-point suspension scaffolds, such machines shall be of a design tested and
approved by Underwriters' Laboratories or Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation.
The roof irons or hooks shall be of mild steel, or other equivalent material, of proper size and design, securely
installed and anchored. Tiebacks of >-inch manila rope, or the equivalent, shall serve as a secondary means of
anchorage, installed at right angles to the face of the building, whenever possible, and secured to a structurally
sound portion of the building.
Two-point suspension scaffolds shall be suspended by wire, synthetic, or fiber ropes capable of supporting at least 6
times the rated load. All other components shall be capable of supporting at least four times the rated load.
The sheaves of all blocks, consisting of at least one double and one single block, shall fit the size and type of
rope used.
All wire ropes, fiber and synthetic ropes, slings, hangers, platforms, and other supporting parts shall be inspected
before every installation. Periodic inspections shall be made while the scaffold is in use.
On suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 500 pounds, no more than two employees shall be permitted to
work at one time. On suspension scaffolds with a working load of 750 pounds, no more than three employees shall be
permitted to work at one time. Each employee shall be protected by an approved safety life belt attached to a
lifeline. The lifeline shall be securely attached to substantial members of the structure (not scaffold), or to
securely rigged lines, which will safely suspend the employee in case of a fall. In order to keep the lifeline
continuously attached, with a minimum of slack, to a fixed structure, the attachment point of the lifeline shall be
appropriately changed as the work progresses.
Two-point suspension scaffolds shall be securely lashed to the building or structure to prevent them from swaying.
Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose.
The platform of every two-point suspension scaffold shall be one of the following types:
"Ladder-type platforms." The side stringer shall be of clear straight-grained spruce or materials of
equivalent strength and durability. The rungs shall be of straight-grained oak, ash, or hickory, at least 1 -inch
in diameter, with -inch tenons mortised into the side stringers at least seven-eighths inch. The stringers shall be
tied together with tie rods not less than one-quarter inch in diameter, passing through the stringers and riveted
up tight against washers on both ends. The flooring strips shall be spaced not more than five-eighths inch apart
except at the side rails where the space may be 1 inch. Ladder-type platforms shall be constructed in accordance
with Table L-14.
"Plank-type platforms." Plank-type platforms shall be composed of not less than nominal 2- x 10-inch
unspliced planks, properly cleated together on the underside, starting 6 inches from each end; intervals in between
shall not exceed 4 feet. The plank-type platform shall not extend beyond the hangers more than 12 inches. A bar or
other effective means shall be securely fastened to the platform at each end to prevent its slipping off the
hanger. The span between hangers for plank-type platforms shall not exceed 8 feet.
"Beam-type platforms." Beam platforms shall have side stringers of lumber not less than 2 x 6 inches
set on edge. The span between hangers shall not exceed 12 feet when beam platforms are used. The flooring shall be
supported on 2- x 6-inch cross beams, laid flat and set into the upper edge of the stringers with a snug fit, at
intervals of not more than 4 feet, securely nailed in place. The flooring shall be of 1- x 6-inch material properly
nailed. Floor boards shall not be spaced more than one-half inch apart.
"Light metal-type platforms," when used, shall be tested and listed according to Underwriters'
Laboratories or Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent
protection), approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and
ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in
height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Stone Setters' Adjustable Multiple-Point Suspension Scaffolds
The scaffold shall be capable of sustaining a working load of 25 pounds per square foot and shall not be overloaded.
Scaffolds shall not be used for storage of stone or other heavy materials.
When used, the hoisting machine and its supports shall be of a type tested and listed by Underwriters' Laboratories
or Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation.
The platform shall be securely fastened to the hangers by U-bolts or other equivalent means. [For materials and
spans, see subdivision (ii) of paragraph (i)(10), Plank-Type Platforms, and Table L-14 of this section.]
The scaffold unit shall be suspended from metal outriggers, iron brackets, wire rope slings, or iron hooks.
Outriggers, when used, shall be set with their webs in a vertical position, securely anchored to the building or
structure and provided with stop bolts at each end.
The scaffold shall be supported by wire rope capable of supporting at least 6 times the rated load. All other
components shall be capable of supporting at least 4 times the rated load.
The free ends of the suspension wire ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles, secured by splicing or other
equivalent means. The running ends shall be securely attached to the hoisting drum and at least four turns of wire
rope shall remain at the drum at all times.
When two or more scaffolds are used on a building or structure, they shall not be bridged one to the other, but shall
be maintained at even height with platforms abutting closely.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all
scaffolds more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh
shall be installed in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Single-Point Adjustable Suspension Scaffolds
The scaffolding, including power units or manually operated winches, shall be of a type tested and listed by
Underwriters' Laboratories or Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation.
The power units may be either electrically or air motor driven.
All power-operated gears and brakes shall be enclosed.
In addition to the normal operating brake, all power-driven units shall have an emergency brake which engages
automatically when the normal speed of descent is exceeded.
The hoisting machines, cables, and equipment shall be regularly serviced and inspected.
The units may be combined to form a two-point suspension scaffold. Such scaffold shall then comply with paragraph (i)
of this section.
The supporting cable shall be vertical for its entire length, and the basket shall not be swayed nor the cable fixed
to any intermediate points to change the original path of travel.
Suspension methods shall conform to applicable provisions of paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section.
Guards, midrails, and toeboards shall completely enclose the cage or basket. Guardrails shall be no less than 2 x 4
inches or the equivalent, approximately 42 inches above the platform. Midrails shall be 1 x 6 inches or the
equivalent, installed equidistant between the guardrail and the platform. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in
height.
For additional details not covered in this paragraph, applicable technical portions of American National Standards
Institute, A120.1-1970, Power-Operated Devices for Exterior Building Maintenance Powered
Platforms, shall be used.
Boatswain's Chairs
The chair seat shall not be less than 12 x 24 inches, and 1-inch thickness. The seat shall be reinforced on the
underside by cleats securely fastened to prevent the board from splitting.
The two fiber rope seat slings shall be of -inch diameter, reeved through the four seat holes so as to cross each
other on the underside of the seat.
Seat slings shall be of at least 6/8-inch wire rope when an employee is conducting a heat-producing process, such as
gas or arc welding.
The employee shall be protected by a safety belt and lifeline in accordance with 1926.104. The attachment point of
the lifeline to the structure shall be appropriately changed as the work progresses.
The tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearing or bushed blocks and properly spliced -inch diameter
first-grade manila rope, or equivalent.
The roof irons, hooks, or the object to which the tackle is anchored, shall be securely installed. Tiebacks, when
used, shall be installed at right angles to the face of the building and securely fastened.
Carpenters' Bracket Scaffolds
The brackets shall consist of a triangular wood frame not less than 2 x 3 inches in cross section, or of metal of
equivalent strength. Each member shall be properly fitted and securely joined.
Each bracket shall be attached to the structure by means of one of the following:
A bolt, no less than five-eighths inch in diameter, which shall extend through to the inside of the building
wall;
A metal stud attachment device; extending from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square, shall be
provided on both front and rear sides of the scaffold.
Platform planks shall be at least 2- x 10-inch nominal size. The ends of the planks shall
overlap the bearers of the squares and each plank shall be supported by not less than three squares.
Bricklayers' square scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height and shall be so constructed and arranged that
one square shall rest directly above the other. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across
the next lower tier and be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement.
Scaffolds shall be level and set upon a firm foundation.
Horse Scaffolds
Horse scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet in height.
The members of the horses shall be not less than those specified in Table L-16.
Horses shall be spaced not more than 5 feet for medium duty and not more than 8 feet for light duty.
When arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below.
On all scaffolds arranged in tiers, the legs shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to the planks to prevent
displacement or thrust and each tier shall be substantially cross braced.
Horses or parts which have become weak or defective shall not be used.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Needle Beam Scaffold
Wood needle beams shall be not less than 4 x 6 inches in size, with the greater dimension placed in a vertical
direction. Metal beams or the equivalent, conforming to paragraphs (a)(8) and (10) of this section, may be used and
shall not be altered or moved horizontally while they are in use.
Ropes or hangers shall be provided for supports. The span between supports on the needle beam shall not exceed 10
feet for 4- x 6-inch timbers. Rope supports shall be equivalent in strength to 1-inch diameter first-grade manila
rope.
The ropes shall be attached to the needle beams by a scaffold hitch or a properly made eye splice. The loose end of
the rope shall be tied by a bowline knot or by a round turn and a half hitch.
The scaffold hitch shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming otherwise displaced.
The platform span between the needle beams shall not exceed 8 feet when using 2-inch scaffold plank. For spans
greater than 8 feet, platforms shall be designed based on design requirements for the special span. The overhang of
each end of the platform planks shall be not less than 6 inches and not more than 12 inches.
When needle beam scaffolds are used, the planks shall be secured against slipping.
All unattached tools, bolts, and nuts used on needle beam scaffolds shall be kept in suitable containers, properly
secured.
One end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member conforming to paragraphs (a)(8)
and (10) of this section.
Each employee working on a needle beam scaffold shall be protected by a safety belt and lifeline in accordance with
1926.104.
Plasterers', Decorators', and Large Area Scaffolds
Plasterers', lathers', and ceiling workers' inside scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with the general
requirements set forth for independent wood pole scaffolds. [See paragraph (b) and Tables L-7, 8, and 9 of this
section.]
All platform planks shall be laid with the edges close together.
When independent pole scaffold platforms are erected in sections, such sections shall be provided with connecting
runways equipped with substantial guardrails.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed on all open sides and ends of all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Interior Hung Scaffolds
An interior hung scaffold shall be hung or suspended from the roof structure or ceiling beams.
The suspending wire or fiber rope shall be capable of supporting at least 6 times the rated load. The rope shall be
wrapped at least twice around the supporting members and twice around t he bearers of the scaffold, with each end of
the wire rope secured by at least three standard wire-rope clips properly installed.
For hanging wood scaffolds, the following minimum nominal size material shall be used:
Supporting bearers 2 x 10 inches on edge;
Planking 2 x 10 inches, with maximum span 7 feet for heavy duty and 10 feet for light duty or medium duty.
Steel tube and coupler members may be used for hanging scaffolds with both types of scaffold
designed to sustain a uniform distributed working load up to heavy duty scaffold loads with a safety factor of four.
Guardrails made of lumber, not less than 2 x 4 inches (or other material providing equivalent protection),
approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail of 1 x 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection), and toeboards, shall be installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more than 10 feet above
the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance
with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
Ladder Jack Scaffolds
All ladder jack scaffolds shall be limited to light duty and shall not exceed a height of 20 feet above the floor or
ground.
All ladders used in connection with ladder jack scaffolds shall be heavy-duty ladders and shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with American National Standards Institute A 14.1-1968, Safety Code
for Portable Wood Ladders, and A 14.2-1968, Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders.
Cleated ladders shall not be used for this purpose.
The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails in addition to the ladder
rungs, or if bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall be at least 10 inches on each rung.
Ladders used in conjunction with ladder jacks shall be so placed, fastened, held, or equipped with devices so as to
prevent slipping.
The wood platform planks shall be not less than 2 inches nominal in thickness. Both metal and wood platform planks
shall overlap the bearing surface not less than 12 inches. The span between supports for wood shall not exceed 8
feet. Platform width shall be not less than 18 inches.
Not more than two employees shall occupy any given 8 feet of any ladder jack scaffold at any one time.
Window Jack Scaffolds
Window jack scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is
placed.
Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another or for other elements of
scaffolding.
Window jack scaffolds shall be provided with guardrails unless safety belts with lifelines are attached and provided
for employee.
Not more than one employee shall occupy a window jack scaffold at any one time.
Roofing Brackets
Roofing brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof. Brackets shall be secured in place by nailing in
addition to the pointed metal projections. When it is impractical to nail brackets, rope supports shall be used. When
rope supports are used, they shall consist of first-grade manila of at least >-inch diameter, or equivalent.
A catch platform shall be installed below the working area of roofs more than 16 feet from the ground to eaves with a
slope greater than 4 inches in 12 inches without a parapet. In width, the platform shall extend 2 feet beyond the
protection of the eaves and shall be provided with a guardrail, midrail, and toeboard. This provision shall not apply
where employees engaged in work upon such roofs are protected by a safety belt attached to a lifeline.
Crawling Boards or Chicken Ladders
Crawling boards shall be not less than 10 inches wide and 1 inch thick, having cleats 1 x 1 = inches. The cleats
shall be equal in length to the width of the board and spaced at equal intervals not to exceed 24 inches. Nails shall
be driven through and clinched on the underside. The crawling board shall extend from the ridge pole to the eaves
when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance.
A firmly fastened lifeline of at least >-inch diameter rope, or equivalent, shall be strung beside each crawling
board for a handhold.
Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by means of adequate ridge hooks or other effective means.
Float or Ship Scaffolds
Float or ship scaffolds shall not be used to support more than three men and a few light tools, such as those needed
for riveting, bolting, and welding. They shall be constructed as designed in paragraphs (w) (2) through (6) of this
section unless substitute designs and materials provide equivalent strength, stability, and safety.
The platform shall be not less than 3 feet wide and 6 feet long, made of >-inch plywood, equivalent to American
Plywood Association Grade B-B, Group I, Exterior, or other similar material.
Under the platform, there shall be two supporting bearers made from 2- x 4-inch, or 1- x 10-inch, rough,
"selected lumber," or better. They shall be free of knots or other flaws and project 6 inches beyond the
platform on both sides. The ends of the platform shall extend 6 inches beyond the outer edges of the bearers. Each
bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform.
An edging of wood not less than 3/4 x 1 = inches or equivalent shall be placed around all sides of the platform to
prevent tools from rolling off.
Supporting ropes shall be 1-inch diameter manila rope or equivalent, free from deterioration, chemical damage, flaws,
or other imperfections. Rope connections shall be such that the platform cannot shift or slip. If two ropes are used
with each float, they shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are to be securely fastened to an overhead
support. Each of the two supporting ropes shall be hitched around one end of bearer and pass under the platforms to
the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties.
Each employee shall be protected by an approved safety lifebelt and lifeline, in accordance with 1926.104.
Form Scaffolds
Form scaffolds shall be constructed of wood or other suitable materials, such as steel or aluminum members of known
strength characteristics. All scaffolds shall be designed and erected with a minimum safety factor of 4, computed on
the basis of the maximum rated load.
All scaffold planking shall be a minimum of 2- x 10-inch nominal Scaffold Grade, as recognized by approved grading
rules for the species of lumber used, or equivalent material. Maximum permissible spans shall not exceed 8 feet on
centers for 2- x 10-inch nominal planking. Scaffold planks shall be either nailed or bolted to the ledgers or of such
length that they overlap the ledgers at least 6 inches. Unsupported projecting ends of scaffolding planks shall be
limited to a maximum overhang of 12 inches.
Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they were designed.
Figure-four form scaffolds:
Figure-four scaffolds are intended for light duty and shall not be used to support loads exceeding 25 pounds per
square foot unless specifically designed for heavier loading. For minimum design criteria, see Table L-17.
Figure-four form scaffold frames shall be spaced not more than 8 feet on centers and constructed from sound
lumber, as follows: The outrigger ledger shall consist of two pieces of 1- x 6-inch or heavier material nailed on
opposite sides of the vertical form support. Ledgers shall project not more than 3 feet 6 inches from the outside
of the form support and shall be substantially braced and secured to prevent tipping or turning. The knee or angle
brace shall intersect the ledger at least 3 feet from the form at an angle of approximately 45 deg., and the lower
end shall be nailed to a vertical support. The platform shall consist of two or more 2- x 10-inch planks, which
shall be of such length that they extend at least 6 inches beyond ledgers at each end unless secured to the
ledgers. When planks are secured to the ledgers (nailed or bolted), a wood filler strip shall be used between the
ledgers. Unsupported projecting ends of planks shall be limited to an overhang of 12 inches.
Metal bracket form scaffolds:
Metal brackets or scaffold jacks which are an integral part of the form shall be securely bolted or welded to
the form. Folding type brackets shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin when extended for use.
"Clip-on" or "hook-over" brackets may be used, provided the form walers are bolted to the
form or secured by snap ties or shea-bolt extending through the form and securely anchored.
Metal brackets shall be spaced not more than 8 feet on centers.
Scaffold planks shall be either bolted to the metal brackets or of such length that they overlap the brackets at
each end by at least 6 inches. Unsupported projecting ends of scaffold planks shall be limited to a maximum
overhang of 12 inches.
Metal bracket form scaffolds shall be equipped with wood guardrails, intermediate rails, toeboards, and scaffold
planks meeting the minimum dimensions shown in Table L-18. (Metal may be substituted for wood, providing it affords
equivalent or greater design strength.)
Wooden bracket form scaffolds:
Wooden bracket form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. The minimum design criteria set forth
herein and in Table L-19 cover scaffolding intended for light duty and shall not be used to support loads exceeding
25 pounds per square foot, unless specifically designed for heavier loading.
Scaffold planks shall be either nailed or bolted to the ledgers or of such length that they overlap the ledgers
at each end by at least 6 inches. Unsupported projecting ends of scaffold planks shall be limited to a maximum
overhang of 12 inches.
Guardrails and toeboards shall be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms and scaffolding over 10 feet
above floor or ground. Guardrails shall be made of lumber 2 x 4 inch nominal dimension (or other material providing
equivalent protection), approximately 42 inches high, supported at intervals not to exceed 8 feet. Guardrails shall
be equipped with midrails constructed of 1 x 6 inch nominal lumber (or other material providing equivalent
protection). Toeboards shall extend not less than 4 inches above the scaffold plank.
Pump Jack Scaffolds
Pump jack scaffolds shall:
Not carry a working load exceeding 500 pounds; and
Be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load.
The manufactured components shall not be loaded in excess of the manufacturer's recommended limits.
Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles.
Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage.
The platform bracket shall be fully decked and the planking secured. Planking, or equivalent, shall conform with
paragraph (a) of this section.
When wood scaffold planks are used as platforms, poles used for pump jacks shall not be spaced more than 10 feet
center to center. When fabricated platforms are used that fully comply with all other provisions of this paragraph
(y), pole spacing may exceed 10 feet center to center.
Poles shall not exceed 30 feet in height.
Poles shall be secured to the work wall by rigid triangular bracing, or equivalent, at the bottom, top, and other
points as necessary, to provide a maximum vertical spacing of not more than 10 feet between braces. Each brace shall
be capable of supporting a minimum of 225 pounds tension or compression.
For the pump jack bracket to pass bracing already installed, an extra brace shall be used approximately 4 feet above
the one to be passed until the original brace is reinstalled.
All poles shall bear on mud sills or other adequate firm foundations.
Pole lumber shall be two 2 x 4's, of Douglas fir, or equivalent, straight-grained, clear, free of cross-grain,
shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength.
When poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be two by fours, spiked together with the seam
parallel to the bracket, and with 10d common nails, no more than 12 inches center to center, staggered uniformly from
opposite outside edges.
If two by fours are spliced to make up the pole, the splices shall be so constructed as to develop the full strength
of the member.
A ladder, in accordance with 1926.1053, shall be provided for access to the platform during use.
Not more than two persons shall be permitted at one time upon a pump jack scaffold between any two supports.
Pump jacks scaffolds shall be provided with standard guardrails as defined in 1926.451(a)(5), but no guardrail is
required when safety belts with lifelines are provided for employees.
When a work bench is used at an approximate height of 42 inches, the top guardrail may be eliminated, if the work
bench is fully decked, the planking secured, and is capable of withstanding 200 pounds force in any direction.
Employees shall not be permitted to use a work bench as a scaffold platform.
DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART - '1926.452
Bearer. A horizontal member of a scaffold upon which the platform rests and which may be
supported by ledgers.
Boatswain's Chair. A seat supported by slings attached to a suspended rope, designed to
accommodate one worker in a sitting position.
Brace. A tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another
member.
Bricklayers' Square Scaffold. A scaffold composed of framed wood squares which support a
platform, limited to light and medium duty.
Carpenters' Bracket Scaffold. A scaffold consisting of wood or metal brackets supporting a
platform.
Coupler. A device for locking together the component parts of a tubular metal scaffold.
(The material used for the couplers shall be of a structural type, such as a drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or
structural grade aluminum.)
Crawling Board or Chicken Ladder. A plank with cleats spaced and secured at equal
intervals, for use by a worker on roofs, not designed to carry any material.
Double Pole or Independent Pole Scaffold. A scaffold supported from the base by a double
row of uprights, independent of support from the walls and constructed of uprights, ledgers, horizontal platform
bearers, and diagonal bracing.
Float or Ship Scaffold. A scaffold hung from overhead supports by means of ropes and
consisting of a substantial platform having diagonal bracing underneath, resting upon and securely fastened to two
parallel plank bearers at right angles to the span.
Guardrail. A rail secured to uprights and erected along the exposed sides and ends of
platforms.
Heavy Duty Scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load not to
exceed 75 pounds per square foot.
Horse Scaffold. A scaffold for light or medium duty, composed of horses supporting a work
platform.
Interior Hung Scaffold. A scaffold suspended from the ceiling or roof structure.
Ladder Jack Scaffold. A light duty scaffold supported by brackets attached to ladders.
Ledgers (stringers). A horizontal scaffold member which extends from post to post and which
supports the putlogs or bearers forming a tie between the posts.
Light duty scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load not to
exceed 25 pounds per square foot.
Manually Propelled Mobile Scaffold. A portable rolling scaffold supported by casters.
Masons' Adjustable Multiple-Point Suspension Scaffold. A scaffold having a continuous
platform supported by bearers suspended by wire rope from overhead supports, so arranged and operated as to permit
the raising or lowering of the platform to desired working positions.
Maximum Rated Load. The total of all loads including the working load, the weight of the
scaffold, and such other loads as may be reasonably anticipated.
Medium Duty Scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load not to
exceed 50 pounds per square foot.
Midrail. A rail approximately midway between the guardrail and platform, secured to the
uprights erected along the exposed sides and ends of platforms.
Needle Beam Scaffold. A light duty scaffold consisting of needle beams supporting a
platform.
Outrigger Scaffold. A scaffold supported by outriggers or thrustouts projecting beyond the
wall or face of the building or structure, the inboard ends of which are secured inside of such building or
structure.
Putlog. A scaffold member upon which the platform rests.
Roofing or Bearer Bracket. A bracket used in slope roof construction, having provisions for
fastening to the roof or supported by ropes fastened over the ridge and secured to some suitable object.
Runner. The lengthwise horizontal bracing or bearing members or both.
Scaffold. Any temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure used for supporting
workmen or materials, or both.
Single-Point Adjustable Suspension Scaffold. A manually or power-operated unit designed for
light duty use, supported by a single wire rope from an overhead support so arranged and operated as to permit the
raising or lowering of platform to desired working positions.
Single-Pole Scaffold. Platforms resting on putlogs or cross beams, the outside ends of
which are supported on ledgers secured to a single row of posts or uprights, and the inner ends of which are
supported on or in a wall.
Stone Setters' Adjustable Multiple-Point Suspension Scaffold. A swinging type scaffold
having a platform supported by hangers suspended at four points so as to permit the raising or lowering of the
platform to the desired working position by the use of hoisting machines.
Toeboard. A barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard against the
falling of material.
Tube and Coupler Scaffold. An assembly consisting of tubing which serves as posts, bearers,
braces, ties, and runners, a base supporting the posts, and special couplers which serve to connect the uprights and
to join the various members.
Tubular Welded Frame Scaffold. A sectional panel or frame metal scaffold substantially
built up of prefabricated welded sections which consists of posts and horizontal bearer with intermediate members.
Two-Point Suspension Scaffold (Swinging Scaffold). A scaffold, the platform of which is
supported by hangers (stirrups) at two points, suspended from overhead supports so as to permit the raising or
lowering of the platform to the desired working position by tackle or hoisting machines.
Window Jack Scaffold. A scaffold, the platform of which is supported by a bracket or jack
which projects through a window opening.
Working Load. Load imposed by workers, materials, and equipment.
MANUALLY PROPELLED MOBILE LADDER STANDS AND SCAFFOLDS (TOWERS) - '1926.453
General Requirements
Application
This section is intended to prescribe rules and requirements for the design, construction, and use of mobile work
platforms (including ladder stands but not including aerial ladders) and rolling (mobile) scaffolds (towers). This
standard is promulgated to aid in providing for the safety of life, limb, and property, by establishing minimum
standards for structural design requirements and for the use of mobile work platforms and towers.
Working Loads
Work platforms and scaffolds shall be capable of carrying the design load under varying circumstances depending upon
the conditions of use. Therefore, all parts and appurtenances necessary for their safe and efficient utilization must
be integral parts of the design.
Specific design and construction requirements are not a part of this section because of the wide variety of materials
and design possibilities. However, the design shall be such as to produce a mobile ladder stand or scaffold that will
safely sustain the specified loads. The material selected shall be of sufficient strength to meet the test
requirements and shall be protected against corrosion or deterioration.
The design working load of ladder stands shall be calculated on the basis of one or more 200-pound (90.6 kg) persons
together with 50 pounds (22.65 kg) of equipment each.
The design load of all scaffolds shall be calculated on the basis of:
"Light" - Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 25 pounds per square foot (1.05 kg/m2).
"Medium" - Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 50 pounds per square foot (2.1 kg/m2).
"Heavy" - Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 75 pounds per square foot (3.15 kg/m2).
All ladder stands and scaffolds shall be capable of supporting at least four times the design
working load.
The materials used in mobile ladder stands and scaffolds shall be of standard manufacture and conform to standard
specifications of strength, dimensions, and weights, and shall be selected to safely support the design working load.
Nails, bolts, or other fasteners used in the construction of ladders, scaffolds, and towers shall be of adequate size
and in sufficient numbers at each connection to develop the designed strength of the unit. Nails shall be driven full
length. (All nails should be immediately withdrawn from dismantled lumber.)
All exposed surfaces shall be free from sharp edges, burrs or other safety hazards.
Work Levels
The maximum work level height shall not exceed four (4) times the minimum or least base dimensions of any mobile
ladders and or scaffold. Where the basic mobile unit does not meet this requirement, suitable outrigger frames shall
be employed to achieve this least base dimension, or provisions shall be made to guy or brace the unit against
tipping.
The minimum platform width for any work level shall not be less than 20 inches (50.8 cm) for mobile scaffolds
(towers). Ladder stands shall have a minimum step width of 16 inches (40.64 cm).
The supporting structure for the work level shall be rigidly braced, using adequate cross bracing or diagonal bracing
with rigid platforms at each work level.
The steps of ladder stands shall be fabricated from slip resistant treads.
The work level platform of scaffolds (towers) shall be wood, aluminum, or plywood planking, steel or expanded metal,
for the full width of the scaffold, except for necessary openings. Work platforms shall be secured in place. All
planking shall be 2-inch (5.08 cm) (nominal) scaffold grade minimum 1,500 f. (stress grade) construction grade lumber
or equivalent.
All scaffold work levels 10 feet (3.04 m) or higher above the ground or floor shall have a standard (4-inch (10.16
cm) nominal) toeboard.
All work levels 10 feet (3.04 m) or higher above the ground or floor shall have a guardrail of 2- by 4-inch nominal
or the equivalent installed no less than 36 inches (0.912 m) or more than 42 inches (106.68 cm) high, with a midrail,
when required, of 1- by 4-inch nominal lumber or equivalent.
A climbing ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access and egress, and shall be affixed or built into the
scaffold and so located that its use will not have a tendency to tip the scaffold. A landing platform shall be
provided at intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.12 m).
Wheels or Casters
Wheels or casters shall be properly designed for strength and dimensions to support four (4) times the design working
load.
All scaffold casters shall be provided with a positive wheel and/or swivel lock to prevent movement. Ladder stands
shall have at least two (2) of the four (4) casters and shall be of the swivel type.
Where leveling of the elevated work platform is required, screw jacks or other suitable means for adjusting the
height shall be provided in the base section of each mobile unit.
Mobile Tubular Welded Sectional Folding Scaffolds
General
Units including sectional stairway and sectional ladder scaffolds shall be designed to comply with the requirements
of paragraph (a) of this section.
Stairway
An integral stairway and work platform shall be incorporated into the structure of each sectional folding stairway
scaffold.
Bracing
An integral set of pivoting and hinged folding diagonal and horizontal braces and a detachable work platform shall be
incorporated into the structure of each sectional folding ladder scaffold.
Sectional Folding Stairway Scaffolds
Sectional folding stairway scaffolds shall be designed as medium duty scaffolds except for high clearance. These
special base sections shall be designed as light duty scaffolds. When upper sectional folding stairway scaffolds are
used with a special high clearance base, the load capacity of the entire scaffold shall be reduced accordingly. The
width of a sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed 4 = feet (1.368 m). The maximum length of a sectional
folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet (1.824 m).
Sectional Folding Ladder Scaffolds
Sectional folding ladder scaffolds shall be designed as light duty scaffolds including special base (open end)
sections which are designed for high clearance. For certain special applications the 6'-(1.824 m) folding ladder
scaffolds, except for special high clearance base sections, shall be designed for use as medium duty scaffolds. The
width of a sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed 4 = feet (1.368 m). The maximum length of a sectional
folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet 6 inches (1.976 m) for a 6'-(1.824 m) long unit, 8 feet 6 inches
(2.584 m) for an 8'-(2.432 m) unit or 10 feet 6 inches (3.192 m) for a 10'-(3.04 m) long unit.
End Frames
The end frames of sectional ladder and stairway scaffolds shall be designed so that the horizontal bearers provide
supports for multiple planking levels.
Erection
Only the manufacturer of the scaffold or his qualified designated agent shall be permitted to erect or supervise the
erection of scaffolds exceeding 50 feet (15.2 m) in height above the base, unless such structure is approved in
writing by a licensed professional engineer, or erected in accordance with instructions furnished by the
manufacturer.
1. The following requirements from 29 CFR Part 1910 (General Industry) have been identified as
applicable to construction (29 CFR 1926.451, Scaffolding): 1910.21(g)(9); 1910.28(a)(15); 1910.28(a)(18);
1910.28(a)(20);1910.29(a); 1910.29(c).
General
Requirements
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