2006 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a Specific Cooperative Agreement between ARS and Mississippi State University. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the inhouse project 6604-32630-004-00D, Nutritional and Environmental Management to Reduce Stress, Improve Quality and Improve the Efficiency of Poultry Production. Major interests continue to be on stress responses in growing broilers, and include numerous secondary factors contributing to the physiological, growth, growth efficiency and carcass quality. Some of these secondary factors examined recently include levels of various amino acids in the diets, carnitine, stocking density and others. Many of these factors will interact in stress responses and contribute to the growing environment within the broiler house. Peer reviewed publications: 2005 Kidd, M. T., W. S. Virden, A. Corzo, W. A. Dozier, III, and D. J. Burnham, 2005. Amino acid density and L-threonine responses in Ross broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4 (5):258-262. Kerr, B. J., E. T. Moran, Jr., and M. T. Kidd, 2005. Effect of supplementary tryptophan prior to marketing on carcass quality in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:306-314. C Corzo, A. A. Fritts, M. T. Kidd, and B. J. Kerr, 2005. Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 118:319-327. Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, D. J. Burnham, S. L. Branton, R. Gonzalez-Esquerra, and E. R. Miller, 2005. Dietary amino acid density effects on growth and carcass of broilers differing in strain cross and sex. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 14:1-9. Corzo, A.., M. T. Kidd, M. D. Koter, and S. C. Burgess, 2005. Assessment of dietary amino acid scarcity on growth and blood plasma proteome status of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 84:419-425. Corzo, A., E. T. Moran, Jr., D. Hoehler, and A. Lemme, 2005. Tryptophan need of broiler males from forty-two to fifty-six days of age. Poultry Science. 84:226-231. Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, W. A. Dozier, III, T. J. Walsh, and S. D. Peak, 2005. Impact of dietary amino acid density on broilers grown for the small bird market. The Journal of Poultry Science. 42:329-336. Corzo, A.., M. T. Kidd, J. P. Thaxton, and B. J. Kerr, 2005. Dietary tryptophan effects on growth and stress of male broiler chicks. British Poultry Science. 46:478-484. Peebles, E. D., R. W. Keirs, L. W. Bennett, T. S. Cummings, S. K. Whitmarsh, and P. D. Gerard, 2005. Relationships among prehatch and posthatch physiological parameters in early nutrient restricted broilers hatched from eggs laid by young breeder hens. Poultry Sci. 84:454-461. Cox, N.A., C. L. Hofacre, J. S. Bailey, R. J. Buhr, J. L. Wilson, K. L. Hiett, L. J. Richardson, M. T. Musgrove, D. E. Cosby,J. D. Tankson, Y. Vizzier, P. F. Cray, L. E. Vaughn, P. S. Holt, and D. V. Bourassa. 2005 Presence of Campylobacter jejuni in Various Organs One Hour, One Day, and One Week Following Oral or Intracloacal Inoculations of Broiler Chicks. Avian Diseases: Vol. 49(1):155–158. Thaxton, JP, P Stayer, M Ewing, and J Rice, 2005. Corticosterone in commercial broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Science 14: 745-749. Dozier, W.A. III, JP Thaxton, SL Branton, GW Morgan, DM Miles, WB Roush, BD LOTT and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, 2005. Stocking density effects on growth, performance and processing yields of heavy broilers. Poultry Sci. 84:1332-1338 Peer Reviewed 2006 (to date) These are in Poultry Science and Applied Poultry Science Journals Stocking Density Effects on Male Broilers Grown to 1.8 Kilograms of Body Weight. W. A. Dozier, III, J. P. Thaxton, J. L. Purswell, H. A. Olanrewaju, S. L. Branton, and W. B. Roush....................344 Effects of Injected Gluconeogenic Supplementation on the Performance of Broilers from Young Breeders. E. D. Peebles, W. D. Berry, R. W. Keirs, L. W. Bennett, and P. D. Gerard....................371 Dietary Lysine Needs of Late-Developing Heavy Broilers. A. Corzo, W. A. Dozier, III, and M. T. Kidd....................457 Stocking Density and Physiological Adaptive Responses of Broilers. J. P. Thaxton, W. A. Dozier III, S. L. Branton, G. W. Morgan, D. W. Miles, W. B. Roush, B. D. Lott, and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton....................819 Stress and Acid-Base Balance in Chickens. H. A. Olanrewaju, S. Wongpichet, J. P. Thaxton, W. A. Dozier III, and S. L. Branton....................1266 Growth, Meat Yield, and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period. W. A. Dozier III, R. W. Gordon, J. Anderson, M. T. Kidd, A. Corzo, and S. L. Branton....................312 2005 Abstracts Dozier, III, W. , J. P. Thaxton, S. Branton, G. Morgan, D. Miles, W. Roush, B. Lott and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton 2005. Evaluation of stocking of live performance and processing yield of broilers. Poultry Science 84,Supplment 1:108. Evans, W.B., Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, K.L. Paridon, and P. Hudson. Broiler Litter Compost Vs. Synthetic Fertilizer: Soil and Vegetable Crop Responses. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. Abstract No. 8010 Putsakum, M. Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, W. Dozier, III, J. Thaxton, W. Roush, S. Branton, G. Morgan, D. Miles and B. Lott. 2005 Evaluation of stocking density on intestinal microflora of broilers. Poultry Science 84,Supplment 1:108. Putsakum, M., J. Odiahmbo, Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, J.P. Thaxton and S. Anderson. 2005 The effect of stress on the intestinal microflora of broilers and layers. Poultry Science 84:Supplment 1:99. Putsakum, M, Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, J. P. Thaxton and S. Anderson, The effect of ascorbic acid on the intestinal microflora of stressed broilers. Poultry Science 84:Supplment 1:34. Bielmann, T, J Thaxton, W Dozier III, W Roush, D Miles, B Lott and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, 2005. Evaluation of stocking density on eating and drinking behavior of broilers. Poultry Science 84 (Suppl. 1):100. Dozier, W III, J Thaxton, S Branton, G Morgan, D Miles, W Roush, B Lott and Y. Vizzier- Thaxton, 2005. Evaluation of stocking density on live performance and processing yields of broilers. Poultry Science 84(Suppl 1):108. Vizzier-Thaxton, Y, M Putsakum, S Anderson and J Thaxton, 2005. Bacteriology of ascites in broilers. Poultry Science 84 (Suppl.1): 72. Thaxton, J, M Ewing, P Stayer and J Rice, 2005. Corticosterone levels in commercial broilers. Poultry Science 84 (Suppl. 1):109. Thaxton, P, M Ewing, P Stayer and J Rice, 2005. Corticosterone in broilers grown under field conditions. Proceedings of the AVMA-AAAP Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, July 24, 2005, pp.117-123. Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, A. Shack, and S. C. Burgess, 2005. Effect of dietary methionine on breast muscle accretion and protein expression. Poultry Science. Supplement 1. 84:41 (No. 98) Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, W. A. Dozier, T. Walsh, and S. D. Peak, 2005. Impact of dietary amino acid density on broilers grown to small bird market. Poultry Science. Supplement 1. 84:9 (No. M25) Shack, L. A., A. Corzo, M. T. Kidd, and S. C. Burgess, 2005. The proteomics of methionine nutrition on muscle development. 53rd Annual ASMS Conference. San Antonio, Texas (CD). Koter, M., S. Bridges, A. Corzo, T. Cummings, M. T. Kidd, T. Pechan, S. C. Burgess, 2005. Quantitative serum proteomics using 18O labeling and a rubisco standard. 53rd Annual ASMS Conference. San Antonio, Texas (CD). Chan. D., S. M. Bridges, A. Corzo, M. Koter, and S. C. Burgess, 2005. Machine learning for classification of nutritional status from direct Maldi-TOF proteomics data. Keystone Symposium: Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Keystone, Colorado (CD). Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, D. J. Burnham, E. R. Miller, R. Gonzalez-Esquerra, and S. L. Branton, 2005. Dietary amino acid density, sex, and strain cross effects on growth and yields of broilers. Poultry Science. Supplement 1. 84:136 (No. S193). 2006 Abstracts Kidd, M. T., J. W. Taylor, C. M. Page, B. D. Lott, and T. N. Chamblee. 2006. Hatchery feeding of starter diets to broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):35. Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, G.T. Pharr, W.A. Dozier III, and E.A. Koutsos. 2006. Immune, growth, and carcass responses to dietary threonine of broilers raised in different litter conditions. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 32. Putsakum, M., L. L. McWilliams, Y. V. Thaxton, J. P. Thaxton, A. Corzo, and S. W. Anderson. 2006. The effect of L-arginine supplement on intestinal nitric oxide and microflora of broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 83 Virden, W. S., A. C. DeLeon, A. Corzo, and M. T. Kidd. 2006. The effects of different nutrient regimes on Ross broilers during stress and post-stree recovery. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 87 McWilliams-Hale, L. L., M. Putsakum, S. W. Anderson, A. Corzo, Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, and J. P. Thaxton. 2006. Effect of arginine on blood gases, acid-base balance and plasma corticosterone in broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 94. Dozier, W. A., J. L. Purswell, A. Corzo, M. T. Kidd, and S. L. Branton. 2006. Dietary energy needs of broilers from 2.0 to 4.0 kg as influenced by ambient temperature. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 127. Virden, W. S., A. C. DeLeon, A. Corzo, and M. T. Kidd. 2006. The effects of sucrose or electrolyte supplements and corn particle grind size on Ross broilers during stree and during post-stress recovery. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 130. DeLeon, A. C., A. Corzo, W. B. Roush, and M. T. Kidd. 2006. Limiting dietary amino acid response surface estimates for growing broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 166. Dozier, W., M. Kidd, A. Corzo, J. Anderson, and S. Branton. 2006. Growth performance and meat yield responses of Ross x Ross 708 broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from 36 to 59 d of age. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 188. Dozier, W., A. Corzo, M. Kidd, J. Anderson, and S. Branton. 2006. Growth performance and meat yield responses of Ross x Ross 708 broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from 42 to 56 d of age. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 188. Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, W. A. Dozier III, E. R. Miller, and B. I. Fancher. 2006. Effect of apparent metablizable energy regimes on growth and carcass traits of broiler varying in strain cross and gender. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 204. Coufal, C. D., A. D. Collins, and J. B. Carey. 2006. Percent carbon and C: N of broiler litter and cake over consecutive flocks. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 81. Thaxton, J., J. Purswell, and S. Branton. 2006. Physiology of low atmospheric pressure as a stunning/killing system in broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 58. Wongpichet. S., J. Thaxton, and S. Collier. 2006. Comparison of raioimmunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay methods for determinate of corticosterone concentration in poultry plasma. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 148. Olanrewaju, H., S. Wongpichet, J. Thaxton, W. Dozier, and S. Branton. 2006. Effects of ACTH-infusion on blood physiological variable and acid-based balance in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 193. Purswell, J. L., J. P. Thaxton, and S. L. Branton. 2006. Indentifying process variables for a low atmospheric pressure stun/kill system. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 58. Hale-McWilliams, L., G. T. Pharr, S. Anderson, J. P. Thaxton, and S. Wongpichet. 2006. Stress and blood gases. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 146. Putsakum, M., V. Vizzier-Thaxton, J. P., Thaxton, S. Anderson, and H. Olowanju. 2006. The nitric oxide level in ceca of stressed broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 169. Vizzier-Thaxton, Y., J. P. Thaxton, K. Christensen, P. White, R. Stuckey, S. Wongpichet, N. A. Cox, L. J. Richardson, S. Anderson, M. Putskum, and V. J. Radhakrishnan. 2006. Hand vs. mechanical catching and loading of broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 183. Thaxton, J. P., Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, K. Christensen, P. White, R. Stuckey, S. Wongpichet, S. Anderson, M. Putskum, V. J. Radhakrishnan, and M. W. Schilling. 2006. Physiology of catching and loading broilers. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 183. Schilling, M. W., V. Radhakrishnan, Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, K. Christenses, and J. P. Thaxton. 2006.The effects of broiler catching method on breast meat quality. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 183. Williams, Z., and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton. 2006. Automatic counting with differential and selective media. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 41. Evans, W., and Y. Vizzier-Thaxton. 2006. Addressing safety and efficacy of composted broiler litter of vegetable production. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 185. Virden, W. S., C. D. Zumwalt, D. Hoehler, M. S. Lilburn, and M. T. Kidd. 2006. The effect of coricosterone-induced stress on amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1): 168.