Projects

Development of Imaging Technology for Food Safety and Security Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 410135

Development of Methodologies and Nanodevices for Fast Detection of Pathogenic and Toxic Organisms in Food Nonfunded Cooperative Agreement (N)   Accession Number: 414429

Development of Nanotechnology for Rapid Detection of Food Pathogens Reimbursable (R)   Accession Number: 410751

Publications

Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging for Detecting a Foodborne Pathogen: Campylobacter - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Siragusa, G.R., Line, J.E., Park, B., Feldner, P.W. 2009. Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging for Detecting a Foodborne Pathogen: Campylobacter. Transactions of the ASABE. 52(2): 651-662

Some cases in applications of nanotechnology to food and agricultural systems - (Review Article)

Cho, Y., Kim, C., Kim, N., Kim, C., Park, B. 2008. Some cases in applications of nanotechnology to food and agricultural systems. .

Modified Pressure System for Imaging Egg Cracks - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lawrence, K.C., Yoon, S.C., Jones, D.R., Heitschmidt, G.W., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2008. Modified Pressure System for Imaging Egg Cracks. Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers International (ASABE), 2008 Annual Inernational Meeting, June.

Portable Multispectral Imaging Instrument for Food Industry - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Kise, M., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Yoon, S.C. 2008. Portable multispectral imageing instrument for food industry. Food Processing Automation Conference Proceedings. ASABE Publication Number 701P0508cd

Textural Analysis of Hyperspectral Images for Improving Contaminant Detection Accuracy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Kise, M., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Yoon, S.C. 2008. Textural Analysis of Hyperspectral Images for Improving Contaminant Detection Accuracy. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety.10.1007/S11694-008-9053-1 (online)

Embedded bone fragment detection in poultry using transmittance image enhancement and hyperspectral reflectance imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2008. Embedded bone fragment detection in poultry using transmittance image enhancement and hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety, 10.1007/s11694-008-9044-1 (online version).

Optical design and system calibration for three-band spectral imaging system with interchangeable filters - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Kise, M., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2008. Optical design and system calibration for three-band spectral imaging system with interchangeable filters. ASABE Annual International Meeting.

Au/Si Hetero-Nanorod-based Biosensor for Salmonella Detection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Fu, J., Park, B., Siragusa, G.R., Jones, L., Tripp, R.A., Zhao, Y., Cho, Y. 2008. Au/Si Hetero-Nanorod-based Biosensor for Salmonella Detection. Nanotechnoloyg 19: 155502.

Imaging system with modified-pressure chamber for crack detection in shell-eggs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Yoon, S.C., Heitschmidt, G.W., Jones, D.R., Park, B. 2008. Imaging system with modified-pressure chamber for crack detection in shell-eggs. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety.2:116-122

Effect of spectrally mixed hyperspectral image pixels on detection of cecal contaminated broiler carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Windham, W.R., Heitschmidt, G.W., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Smith, D.P. 2008. Effect of spectrally mixed hyperspectral image pixels on detection of cecal contaminated broiler carcasses. International Journal of Poultry Science. 6(12):955-959

Bone fragment detection in chicken breast fillets using transmittance image enhancement - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2008. Bone fragment detection in chicken breast fillets using transmittance image enhancement. Transactions of the ASABE 51 (1): 331-339.

Bio-Functional Au/Si Nanorods for Pathogen Detection - (Book/Chapter)

Park, B., Fu, J., Zhao, Y., Siragusa, G.R., Cho, Y., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2007. Bio-Functional Au/Si nanorods for Pathogen Detection. Proceedings of SPIE 6769-26.

Bio-functional Au/Si Nanrods for Pathogen Detection - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (11-Sep-07)

Development of Handheld Multispectral Imaging For Food Safety Inspection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kise, M., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2008. Development of Handheld Multispectral Imaging For Food Safety Inspection. Biological Engineering (ASABE).

Hyperspectral Imaging for Detecting Pathogens Grown on Agar Plates - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Siragusa, G.R., Line, J.E., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2007. Hyperspectral Imaging for Detecting Pathogens Grown on Agar Plates. Proceedings of SPIE 6761; 10-11 Sept. 2007, Boston MA.

Quality Inspection of Poultry Carcasses - (Book/Chapter)

Park, B. 2008. Quality Inspection of Poultry Carcasses. Food Quality and Preference. Chapter 7 in Computer Vision Technology for Food Quality Evaluation (ed. Da-Wen Sun). Elsevier Press: 157-187. 2008

Quality Inspection of Poultry Carcasses - (Book/Chapter)

Park, B. 2008. Quality Inspection of Poultry Carcasses. Chapter 7, Computer Vision Technology for Food Quality Evaluation (ed. Da-Wen Sun), Elsevier Press: 157-187, 2008.

Evaluation of Hyperspectral Imaging and Predictive Modeling to Determine Fertility and Development of Broiler Hatching Eggs - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Smith, D.P., Lawrence, K.C., Heitschmidt, G.W., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2007. Evaluation of Hyperspectral Imaging and Predictive Modeling to Determine Fertility and Development of Broiler Hatching Eggs. Poultry Science Meeting, p. 86 (suppl 1): 385.

Au/Si Nanorod-Based Biosensor for Salmonella Detection - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (15-May-07)

Au/Si Hetero-Nanorod-based Biosensor for Salmonella Detection - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Fu, J., Park, B., Siragusa, G.R., Jones, L., Tripp, R.A., Zhao, Y., Cho, Y. 2007. Au/Si Hetero-Nanorod-based Biosensor for Salmonella Detection. Proceedings of the Biological Sensorics (CD).

Statistical Model-Based Thresholding of Multispectral Images for Contaminate Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2007. Statistical model-based thresholding of multispectral images for contaminate detection on poultry carcasses. Transactions of the ASABE. 50(4): (in press)

Can machines see fecal contaminants? - Automated on-line poultry safety inspection - (Trade Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2007. Can machines see fecal contaminants? - Automated on-line poultry safety inspection. ASABE Resource Magazine April 2007: 2-3.

Optimization of Fecal Detection Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Kernel Density Estimation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2007. Optimization of fecal detection using hyperspectral imaging and kernel density estimation. Transactions of the ASABE. 50(3): 1063-1071

Real-Time Multispectral Imaging System for Online Poultry Fecal Inspection using Unified Modeling Language. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Kise, M., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2007. Real-Time Multispectral Imaging System for Online Poultry Fecal Inspection using Unified Modeling Language.. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 1(2):45-54.

Egg embryo development detection with hyperspectral imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Windham, W.R., Heitschmidt, G.W., Park, B., Yoon, S.C. 2007. Egg embryo development detection with hyperspectral imaging. International Journal of Poultry Science. 5(10): 964-969

Improved hyperspectral imaging system for fecal detection on poultry carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Heitschmidt, G.W., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2007. Improved hyperspectral imaging system for fecal detection on poultry carcasses. Transactions of the ASABE. 50(4):1427-1432.

Contaminant Classification of Poultry Hyperspectral Imagery Using Spectral Angle Mapper Algorithm - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P. 2007. Contaminant classification of poultry hyperspectral imagery using spectral angle mapper algorithm. Biosystems Engineering. 96(3): 323-333

Application of Imaging Technology to Chicken Carcasses and Hatching Eggs - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Smith, D.P., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W. 2006. Application of Imaging Technology to Chicken Carcasses and Hatching Eggs. Poultry Waste Management Symposium Proceedings.

Real-time multispectral imaging system for online poultry fecal inspection using UML - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Kise, M., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Thai, C.N. 2006. Real-time multispectral imaging system for online poultry fecal inspection using UML. Proceedings of SPIE. 6381-33

Bone fragment detection in chicken breast fillets using diffuse scattering patterns of back-illuminated structured light - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2006. Bone fragment detection in chicken breast fillets using diffuse scattering patterns of back-illuminated structured light. Proceedings of SPIE, 6381.

Two-Port Multispectral Imaging System for Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Kise, M., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2006. Two-Port Multispectral Imaging System for Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses. Proceedings of SPIE. Proceedings SPIE 6381-34

Performance of Supervised Classification Algorithms of Hyperspectral Imagery for Identifying Fecal and Ingesta Contaminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2006. Performance of supervised classification algorithms of hyperspectral imagery for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(6): 2017-2024.

Egg embryo development detection with hyperspectral imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Windham, W.R., Heitschmidt, G.W., Park, B. 2006. Egg embryo development detection with hyperspectral imaging. Proceedings of SPIE.

Partial Least Squares Regression of Hyperspectral Images for Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W., Smith, D.P., Feldner, P.W. 2006. Partial least squares regression of hyperspectral images for contaminant detection on poultry carcasses. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Journal.

Partial Least Squares Regression of Hyperspectral Images for Contamination Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W., Smith, D.P., Feldner, P.W. 2006. Partial least squares regression of hyperspectral images for contamination detection on poultry carcasses. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 14:223-230

Partial Least Squares Regression of Hyperspectral Images for Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W., Smith, D.P. 2006. Partial Least Squares Regression of Hyperspectral Images for Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Journal.

Bone Fragment Detection in Chicken Breast Fillets Using Back-Illuminated Structured Light - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Windham, W.R. 2006. Bone fragment detection in chicken breast fillets using back-illuminated structured light. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Portland, OR, July 9-12,2006. Paper No. 063017.

Textural Analysis of Hyperspectral Images for Improving Detection Accuracy - (Abstract)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Kise, M., Thai, C.N. 2006. Textural Analysis of Hyperspectral Images for Improving Detection Accuracy [abstract]. ASABE Annual International Meeting.

Real-Time Multispectral Imaging Application for Poultry Safety Inspection - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Snead, M.P. 2006. Real-time multispectral imaging application for poultry safety inspection. International Society for Optical Engineering. 6070-7:1-10.

Effect of Broiler Carcass Washing on Fecal Contaminant Imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Feldner, P.W. 2006. Effect of broiler carcass washing on fecal contaminant imaging. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(1):133-140.

Thresholding for Biological Material Detection in Real-Time Multispectral Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Yoon, S.C., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2005. Thresholding for biological material detection in real-time multispectral imaging. Proceedings of SPIE. 5913:552-563.

Dynamic Thresholding Method for Improving Contaminant Detection Accuracy with Hyperspectral Images - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Yoon, S.C., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2005. Dynamic thresholding method for improving contaminant detection accuracy with hyperspectralimages. St. Joseph, Michigan, July 17-20, 2005, Tampa, Florida.American Society of Agricultural Engineers Meetings Papers. Paper No. 053071.

Statistical Modeling of Multispectral Images for Improved Contamination Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Yoon, S.C., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R. 2005. Statistical modeling of multispectral images for improved contamination detection on poultry carcasses. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Meetings Papers. Paper No. 053072.

Supervised Classification Algorithms for Poultry Hyperspectral Image Analysis - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (30-Jun-05)

Detection of Early Changes in Fertile Eggs During Incubation Using a Hyperspectral Imaging System - (Abstract)

Smith, D.P., Mauldin, J.M., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.R. 2004. Detection of early changes in fertile eggs during incubation using a hyperspectral imaging system [abstract]. Poultry Science. 83(suppl.1):75.

Detection of Fertility and Early Development of Hatching Eggs with Hyperspectral Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Smith, D.P., Mauldin, J.M., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W. 2005. Detection of fertility and early development of hatching eggs with hyperspectral imaging. Proceedings 17th European Symposium on Quality of Poultry Meat. p.139-144.

Automated on-Line Poultry Safety Inspection Tested - (Trade Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2005. Automated on-line poultry safety inspection tested. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Resource Magazine. Resource. September 2005. p.4.

Performance of Hyperspectral Imaging System for Poultry Surface Contaminant Detection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2005. Performance of hyperspectral imaging system for poultry surface contaminant detection. Journal of Food Engineering.

Detection of Cecal Contaminants in Visceral Cavity of Broiler Carcasses Using Hyperspectral Imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2005. Detection of cecal contaminants in visceral cavity of broiler carcasses using hyperspectral imaging. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 21(4):627-635.

Detection of Fertility and Development of Hatching Eggs with Hyperspectral Imaging - (Abstract)

Smith, D.P., Mauldin, J.M., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Heitschmidt, G.W. 2005. Detection of fertility and development of hatching eggs with hyperspectral imaging [abstract]. European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs Meeting Abstract.

Real-Time Image Processing for Rapid Contaminant Detection on Broiler Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Snead, M.P. 2004. Real-time image processing for rapid contaminant detection on broiler carcasses. International Society for Optical Engineering. 5587:101-111.

Improved Imaging System for Fecal Detection - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Heitschmidt, G.W., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B. 2004. Improved imaging system for fecal detection. Proceedings of Optics East Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. 5587:112-120.

Hyperspectral Imaging Application for Food Safety Engineering - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2004. Hyperspectral imaging application for food safety engineering [abstract]. Proceedings Korean Society for Food Engineering. October 11, 2004, Seoul, Korea. p.21-37.

Multispectral Imaging System for Fecal and Ingesta Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2005. Multispectral imaging system for fecal and ingesta detection on poultry carcasses. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 27(5):311-327.

Hyperspectral Image Classification for Fecal and Ingesta Identification by Spectral Angle Mapper - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P. 2004. Hyperspectral image classification for fecal and ingesta identification by spectral angle mapper. Transaction of American Society of Agricultural Engineers. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. Annual International Meeting. Technical Paper No.043032.

On Line Detection of Fecal Contaminants Using Multispectral Imaging System - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2003. On line detection of fecal contaminants using multispectral imaging system. [abstract] Proceedings 9th International Conference Engineering and Food. March 7-11, 2003. Montpellier, France.

Automated on-Line Inspection of Poultry - (Trade Journal)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2003. Automated on-line inspection of poultry. Feedinformation News.

Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery for Identifying Fecal and Ingesta Contaminants - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Smith, D.P. 2003. Classification of hyperspectral imagery for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants. Proceedings International Society for Optical Engineering. 5271:118-127.

Automated on-Line Fecal Detection System - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Smith, D.P., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B. 2003. Automated on-line fecal detection system. Georgia Poultry Conference Proceedings. p.4-7.

Effect of Broiler Carcass Washing on Fecal Contaminant Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Feldner, P.W. 2003. Effect of broiler carcass washing on fecal contaminant imaging. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual International Meeting. St. Joseph, MI. Technical Paper No.033122.

Algorithm Development with Visible-Near-Infrared Spectral for Detection of Poultry Feces and Injesta - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Feldner, P.W. 2003. Algorithm development with visible-near-infrared spectral for detection of poultry feces and injesta. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Transaction. (6):1733-1738.

Simple Algorithms for the Classification of Visible/nir and Hyperspectral Imaging Spectra of Chicken Skins, Feces, and Fecal Contaminated Skins - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lui, Y., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B. 2003. Simple algorithms for the classification of visible/nir and hyperspectral imaging spectra of chicken skins, feces, and fecal contaminated skins. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 57(12):609-1612.

Machine Vision for Detecting Internal Fecal Comtaminants of Broiler Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Feldner, P.W. 2003. Machine vision for detecting internal fecal comtaminants of broiler carcasses. American Society of Aricultural Engineers Annual International Meeting. St. Joseph, MI. Technical Paper No.033051.

A Hyperspectral Imaging System for Identification of Faecal and Ingesta Contamination on Poultry Carcasses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B., Buhr, R.J. 2003. A hyperspectral imaging system for identification of fecal and ingesta contamination on poultry carcasses. Journal Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 11(4):269-281.

Analysis of Reflectance Spectra from Hyperspectral Images of Poultry Carcasses for Fecal and Ingesta Detection - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Smith, D.P., Poole, G. 2003. Analysis of reflectance spectra from hyperspectral images of poultry carcasses for fecal and ingesta detection. International Society for Optical Engineering.

Reflectance Calibration of Focal Plane Array Hyperspectral Imaging System for Agricultural and Food Safety Applications - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Windham, W.R., Mayo, C., Poole, G.H. 2002. Reflectance calibration of focal plane array hyperspectral imaging system for agricultural and food safety applications. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Hyperspectral System Calibration for Improved Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lawrence, K.C., Park, B., Smith, D.P., Windham, W.R., Feldner, P.W. 2002. Hyperspectral system calibration for improved contaminant detection on poultry carcasses. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual International Meeting.

Algorithm Development with Visible-Near-Infrared Spectral for Detection of Poultry Feces and Injesta - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Feldner, P.W. 2002. Algorithm development with visible-near-infrared spectral for detection of poultry feces and injesta. Proceedings of American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

Hyperspectral Imaging for Food Processing Automation - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P., Feldner, P.W. 2002. Hyperspectral imaging for food processing automation. International Society for Optical Engineering. 4816:308-316.

Contaminant Detection on Poultry Carcass Surfaces - (Trade Journal)

Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Park, B., Smith, D.P. 2002. Contaminant detection on poultry carcass surfaces. New Food. 5(3):21-24.

Assessment of Hyperspectral Imaging System for Poultry Safety Inspection - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2002. Assessment of hyperspectral imaging system for poultry safety inspection. International Society for Optical Engineering. 289:269-279.

Multispectral Imaging System for Fecal and Ingesta Detection on Poultry Carcasses - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Lawrence, K.C., Windham, W.R., Smith, D.P. 2002. Multispectral imaging system for fecal and ingesta detection on poultry carcasses. American Society of Agricutural Engineers Annual International Meeting. Paper No.02-3138.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Predict Soluble Solids and Firmness in Apples - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Park, B., Abbott, J.A., Lee, K., Choi, C., Choi, K. 2002. Near infrared spectroscopy to predict soluble solids and firmness in apples. American Society of Agricultral Engineers Annual International Meeting. Paper No.02-3066.