2008 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Develop harmonic radar tracking systems for the emerald ash borer, helping to clarify its dispersal and behavioral patterns that are incompletely understood and for which few or even conflicting data are available. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) (1) Develop monopole antennas and possible patch antennas for the study. First stage of the antenna development for the EAB is to modify our existing monopole antennas to smaller size and weight. The second stage is to develop the possible patch antenna after locating sources with capability to manufacture the antennas that meet our requirements. (2) Methods for matching diodes and antennas will be developed. (3) Methods for mounting the antenna to EABs will be developed for minimum disturbance of their behavior. 3.Progress Report Various studies were carried out for the design and fabrication of microwave radar frequency tags and radar detection system. These studies included: (1) radar design for 10GHz/20GHz operation, (2) microwave link budget analysis determining range, signal-to-noise ratio and received power, (3) tag optimization using genetic algorithms, (4) dual dipole tag fabrication and measurements, (5) inductive Loop dipole tag fabrication, (6) radar frequency tag modeling to assess the tags performance. A prototype of a harmonic radar system was developed and tested. The system offers a unique combination of portability, low power and small tag design. It is comprised of a compact radar unit and a passive radio frequency tag for mounting on the small insects. The radar unit transmits a 5.9-6 GHz signal and detects at the 11.8-12 GHz band. The new small tag offers improved harmonic conversion efficiency and much smaller size as compared to previous harmonic radar systems for tracking insects. Unlike Radio Frequency Identification detectors whose sensitivity allows detection up to a few meters, the developed radar can detect a tagged insect up to 58 meters or 190 feet.