2008 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Identify the mechanisms of the biosynthesis in grape plants involved in defense pathways on grape responses to Xylella fastidiosa. Research will focus on secondary metabolites that are vital in plant defense against various pathogens and pests. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Use functional genomic information, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, metabolomics, and high-throughput biochemistry approaches to determine the functions of these components in grapevines associated to the defense against biotic stress especially Xylella fastidiosa. The research will focus on terpene synthases and acyl transferases, as well as two methyl transferases; salicylic acid methyl transferase (SAMT) and jasmonic acid methyl transferase (JAMT), which are critical components of plant defense pathways. Documents SCA with U. of TN. formerly 5302-22000-007-20S (5/07). 3.Progress Report This research focuses on identification and characterization of defense related genes and their metabolic pathways involving resistance responses to Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) infection, Currently, we have successfully cloned and functionally identified genes involving signal transduction and defense responses such as salicylic acid methyl transferase (SAMT) and jasmonic acid methyl transferase (JAMT). The biochemical analysis and possible regulatory mechanisms of gene expression are currently underway using an in vitro expression system. The results of this research will provide molecular details involving the mechanisms of the biosynthesis of metabolites in grape plants associated with signaling and defense pathways and utilizing resistant genes to improve crop performance against PD disease. The research progress is monitored by ADODR through monthly teleconferences and an annual progress report.