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Press Release 04-026
Ice Sheets Caused Massive Sea Level Change During LateCretaceous (Period was previously thought to be ice-free)
February 27, 2004
ARLINGTON, Va.—Scientists using cores drilled from the
New Jersey coastal plain have found that ice sheets likely
caused massive sea level change during the Late Cretaceous Period
-an interval previously thought to be ice-free. The scientists,
who will publish their results in the March-April issue of the
Geological Society of America (GSA) Bulletin, assert that either
ice sheets grew and decayed in that greenhouse world or our
understanding of sea level mechanisms is fundamentally flawed.
Led by Kenneth Miller of Rutgers University, the scientists
examined cores from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 174AX, an onshore
extension of an offshore expedition. They found indications that
sea level changes were large (more than 25 meters) and rapid
(occurring on scales ranging from thousands to less than a
million years) during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world (99-
65 million years ago).
"The onshore-offshore drilling forms a important, coordinated
link to study the history of sedimentation along this area of the
U.S. continental margin," said Leonard Johnson, director of the
National Science Foundation (NSF)'s continental dynamics program,
which co-funded the research with NSF's ocean drilling program.
Analyses indicate minimal tectonic effects on the New Jersey
Coastal Plain at this time, the scientists say. The other
explanation for such large, rapid changes is the waxing and
waning of large continental ice sheets, they maintain. What is
perplexing, however, is that such large and rapid sea-level
changes occurred during an interval thought to be ice free.
"Our studies of cores in New Jersey provide one of the best-
dated estimates of how fast and how much sea level changed
during the greenhouse world of the Late Cretaceous," said Miller.
"The Earth was certainly much warmer at that time, probably due
to high carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. At the same
time, our estimates require that ice sheets grew and decayed on
Antarctica during this period of peak warmth, which has been a
previously heretical view."
The scientists propose that the ice sheets were restricted in
area to Antarctica and were ephemeral. The ice sheets
would not have reached the Antarctic coast, explaining the
relative warmth in Antarctica, but still could significantly
alter global sea level.
-NSF-
Media Contacts
Cheryl Dybas, NSF (703) 292-7734 cdybas@nsf.gov
Ann Cairns, GSA (303) 357-1056 acairns@geosociety.org
Kasey White, ODP (202) 232-3900 kwhite@joiscience.org
Program Contacts
Bruce Malfait, NSF (703) 292-8581 bmalfait@nsf.gov
Leonard Johnson, NSF (703) 292-8559 lejohnso@nsf.gov
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2009, its budget is $9.5 billion, which includes $3.0 billion provided through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to over 1,900 universities and institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 44,400 competitive requests for funding, and makes over 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards over $400 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
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