NOTES: Top 200 academic R&D institutions assigned to four quartiles, ranging from quartile 1, consisting of institutions with highest growth rate, to quartile 4, consisting of those with lowest growth rate. Four institutions excluded because of incomplete R&D data. Articles on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with multiple collaborating top-200 institutions and/or other institutions, each top 200 institution receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating institutions.

SOURCES: Thomson ISI, Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index, http://www.isinet.com/products/citation/; ipIQ, Inc.; and National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources
Statistics, special tabulations. See appendix table 5-56.