Selected population and enrollment statistics for countries with populations over 10 million, by continent: Selected years, 1980 through 2004

(139KB)

Table 393.

Country¹	Midyear population (in millions)				Persons per square kilometer, 2004	First level²																Second level³																Third level⁴
	Midyear population (in millions)					Enrollment (in thousands)								Gross enrollment ratio⁵								Enrollment (in thousands)								Gross enrollment ratio⁵								Enrollment (in thousands)								Gross enrollment ratio⁵
	1980	1990	2000	2004		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶		1980		1990		2000		2004⁶
1	2	3	4	5	6	7		8		9		10		11		12		13		14		15		16		17		18		19		20		21		22		23		24		25		26		27		28		29		30
World total⁷	4,447	5,282	6,054	6,345	49	541,556		596,853		651,866		685,275		96		99.2		—		106		264,379		315,008		452,828		503,455		47		52		—		65		51,037		68,613		98,008		132,077		12		14		—		24
Africa
Algeria⁸	19	25	30	32	14	3,119		4,189		4,721		4,508		94		100		112		112		1,029		2,176		2,991		3,677		33		61		71		81		79		286		—		716		6		11		—		20
Angola	7	9	13	14	11	1,301		990	⁹	1,178	¹⁰	—		175		92		74	¹⁰	—		191		186		400	¹⁰	—		21		12		18	¹⁰	—		2		7		—		13	^10,11	#		1		—		1	^10,11
Burkina Faso	7	9	11	12	45	202		504		901		1,140		17		33		44		53		28		99		199		246	¹⁰	3		7		10		12	¹⁰	2		5		—		19	¹⁰	#		1		—		2	¹⁰
Cameroon	9	11	15	16	35	1,379		1,964		2,689	¹²	2,979		98		101		108	¹²	117		234		500		—		1,161		18		28		—		44		12		33		68		84	¹³	2		3		5		5	¹³
Cote d'Ivoire	8	12	16	17	54	1,025		1,415		2,047		2,046	^11,13	75		67		79		72	^11,13	198		361		664	¹⁰	737	^10,14	19		22		23	¹⁰	25	^10,14	20		30	¹¹	—		—		3		—		—		—
Democratic Rep. of the Congo	27	37	51	55	24	4,196		4,562		—		—		92		70		—		—		862		1,097	¹⁵	—		—		24		21	¹⁵	—		—		28		80		—		—		1		2		—		—
Egypt^8,16	44	56	64	69	69	4,663		6,964		7,856	¹⁰	7,874	^10,11	73		94		100	¹⁰	100	^10,11	2,929		5,507		8,324	¹⁰	8,384	^10,11	50		76		86	¹⁰	87	^10,11	716		628	^17,18	—		2,154	¹¹	16		16		—		29	¹¹
Ethiopia	36	48	64	70	70	2,131		2,466		6,651		8,019	¹⁹	37		33		64		93	¹⁹	426		866		1,495	¹⁰	4,506	¹⁹	9		14		18	¹⁰	31	¹⁹	14		34		87		172		#		1		2		2
Ghana⁸	11	15	19	21	93	1,378	¹⁷	1,945		2,478		2,930	¹⁹	79		75		80		88	¹⁹	693		—		1,031		1,350	^10,19	41		36		36		44	^10,19	8		10	²⁰	64		70		2		1		3		3
Kenya⁸	17	23	30	32	57	3,927		5,392		5,700	¹⁰	5,926		115		95		94	¹⁰	111		428		618	²¹	1,251	¹⁰	2,420	¹⁰	20		24		31	¹⁰	48	¹⁰	13		35	²⁰	99		108		1		2		3		3
Madagascar	9	13	16	17	30	1,724		1,571		2,308		3,366		130		103		103		134		—		323	²¹	—		—		—		18		—		—		23		36		31		42		3		3		2		3
Malawi	6	9	11	11	119	810		1,401		—		2,842		60		68		—		125		26		61		488	¹⁰	505		5		8		36	¹⁰	29		3		5		—		5		1		1		—		#
Mali	7	8	11	12	10	291		395		1,127		1,397		26		26		61		64		—		84		—		398		8		7		—		22		4	²²	5		—		26		1		1		—		2
Morocco⁸	19	24	29	31	69	2,172		2,484		3,842		4,070		83		67		94		106		797	²³	1,194		—		1,851		26	²³	35		—		47		112		256		310		344		6		11		10		11
Mozambique⁸	12	14	18	19	24	1,387	²⁴	1,260		2,316		3,569		—		67		92		95		90	²¹	160		352		243		5		8		12		11		1	²⁵	5	²⁶	10	¹⁰	22		#		#		1	¹⁰	1
Niger	6	8	11	12	10	229		369		657		980		25		29		35		45		39		77		108	¹⁰	158		5		7		6	¹⁰	8		1		—		13		9		#		1		1		1
Nigeria⁸	72	96	127	140	154	12,117		13,607		—		21,111		109		91		—		99		1,865		2,908		—		6,316		18		25		—		35		150		208	^20,27	—		1,290		3		4	²⁶ ^, ²⁷	—		10
Senegal	6	8	10	11	54	420		708		1,160		1,383		46		59		75		76		96		—		263	¹⁰	360		11		16		18	¹⁰	19		14		19		—	⁸	52		3		3		—		5
South Africa	29	37	43	46	38	4,353	²⁵	6,952		7,445		7,470	¹¹	90		122		111		105	¹¹	—		2,742		4,142		4,447	¹¹	—		74		87		90	¹¹	—		439	²⁸	645		718	¹¹	—		13		15		15	¹¹
Sudan⁸	19	24	—	34	14	1,464		2,043		2,800		3,208		50		53		59		60		384		732		—		1,293		16		24		—		33		29		60	¹⁷	—		—		2		3		—		—
Tunisia¹⁶	6	8	10	10	64	1,054		1,406		1,374		1,277	¹¹	102		113		117		111	¹¹	293		565		1,143	¹⁰	1,149	¹¹	27		45		78		77	¹¹	32		69		207		263	¹¹	5		9		22		26	¹¹
Uganda	13	17	22	26	132	1,292	²⁹	2,470	^25,29	6,559		7,152	¹⁹	50		74		136		118	¹⁹	73	^21,29	245	^21,29	—		651	^10,19	5		13		—		16	^10,19	6		18		63		88		1		1		3		3
United Republic of Tanzania	19	25	34	37	41	3,368		3,379		4,280	¹⁰	7,541	¹⁹	93		70		63	¹⁰	106	¹⁹	79		167		279	¹⁰	—		3		5		6	¹⁰	—		—		7	¹⁵	22		43		0		0		—		1
Zambia	6	8	10	11	14	1,042		1,461		1,590		2,251		90		99		78		99		102		190		283	¹⁰	364		16		24		24	¹⁰	26		—		15		25	¹⁰	—		1		2		2	¹⁰	—
Zimbabwe¹⁶	7	10	12	13	34	1,235		2,116		2,461		2,362	¹¹	85		116		95		96	¹¹	75		661		844		758	¹¹	8		50		44		36	¹¹	8		49		49	¹⁰	56	^10,11	1		5		4	¹⁰	4	^10,11

Asia
Afghanistan⁸	16	15	—	—	—	1,116		623		500		4,430		34		27		15		93		137		182		—		594		10		9		—		16		—		24		20		28		—		2		1		1
Bangladesh	88	110	130	141	1,079	8,240		11,940		17,668		17,953		61		72		100		109		2,659		3,593		10,329		11,051	¹¹	18		19		46		51	¹¹	240		434		879		877	¹¹	3		4		7		7	¹¹
Cambodia	6	9	12	14	77	1,328		1,330		2,431	¹²	2,763		—		121		110		137		18	²¹	264		397		632	¹⁰	—		32		19		29	¹⁰	1		7		25		45		—		1		3		3
China¹⁶	999	1,155	1,261	1,297	139	146,270		122,414		125,757		120,999		113		125		114		118		56,778		52,386		90,723		98,763		46		49		68		73		1,663		3,822		12,144		19,417		2		3		13		19
India	689	851	1,016	1,080	363	73,873		99,118		—		125,569	¹¹	83		97		—		107	¹¹	32,748		54,180	²¹	—		81,050	¹¹	30		44		—		52	¹¹	3,545		4,951		—		11,295	¹¹	5		6		—		11	¹¹
Indonesia¹⁶	151	183	210	218	120	25,537		29,754		28,690		29,051	¹¹	107		115		110		116	¹¹	5,722		10,965		14,828		15,873	¹¹	29		44		57		62	¹¹	543		1,773	¹⁵	3,018		3,441	¹¹	4		9		15		16	¹¹
Iran, Islamic Republic of	39	59	64	67	41	4,799		9,370		7,968		7,307		98	³⁰	112		86		103		2,718		5,085		9,091		10,313		45	³⁰	55		78		82		184	^17,30	312	¹⁷	734		1,955		5	³⁰	10		10		22
Iraq	13	18	—	—	—	2,616		3,328		—		4,335		113		111		—		98		1,033		1,024	²¹	—		1,706		57		47		—		45		107		170	³⁰	—		413		9		12	³⁰	—		15
Japan¹⁶	117	124	127	128	351	11,827		9,373		7,395		7,269	¹¹	101		100		101		100	¹¹	9,558		11,026		8,606		8,131	¹¹	93		97		102		102	¹¹	2,412		2,899	¹⁵	3,972		4,032		31		30		48		54
Kazakhstan	15	17	15	15	6	1,064		1,197		1,190		1,080		84		87		99		109		1,996		2,144		2,032		2,090		93		98		88		98		525		537		446	¹⁰	664		34		40		31	¹⁰	48
Korea, North (DPR)	18	20	—	—	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Korea, South (Republic of)¹⁶	38	43	47	48	488	5,658		4,869		4,030		4,185		110		105		101		105		4,286		4,560		3,959		3,646		78		90		94		91		648		1,691		3,003		3,223		15		39		78		89
Malaysia¹⁶	14	18	23	25	77	2,009		2,456		3,018		3,009	¹⁴	93		94		98		93	¹⁴	1,084		1,456		2,205		2,300	¹⁴	48		56		70		70	¹⁴	58		121		549		632	¹⁴	4		7		28		29	¹⁴
Myanmar	34	41	46	—	—	4,148		5,385		4,782		4,948	¹⁹	91		106		89		97	¹⁹	1,066		1,281		2,318	¹⁰	2,589	¹⁹	22		23		39	¹⁰	41	¹⁹	163		196	¹⁵	553		555	^10,14	5		4		12		11	^10,14
Nepal⁸	14	19	24	25	176	1,068		2,789		3,623		4,030	¹⁹	86		108		118		113	¹⁹	512		709		1,350	¹⁰	2,054	¹⁹	22		33		51	¹⁰	46	¹⁹	34	¹⁷	94		103		147		3		5		5		6
Pakistan	85	119	138	152	197	5,474	³¹	11,451	³¹	14,562	¹³	16,207		40		61		75	¹³	82		2,166		4,345		5,772	¹³	7,272		14		23		25	¹³	27		268	³⁰	—		—		521		2	³⁰	3		—		3
Philippines¹⁶	48	61	76	83	278	8,034	¹⁷	10,427		12,760		12,971	¹¹	112		111		113		113	¹¹	2,929		4,034		5,386		6,069	¹¹	64		73		77		84	¹¹	1,276		1,709		2,432		2,427	¹¹	24		28		31		29	¹¹
Saudi Arabia	10	16	21	23	11	927		1,877		2,308		2,386		61		73		68		67		349		893		1,914		2,037		29		44		68		68		62		154		—		574		7		12		—		28
Sri Lanka^8,16	15	17	19	19	301	2,081		2,112		—		1,702	^10,11	103		106		—		102	^10,11	1,267		2,082		—		2,320	^10,11	55		74		—		81	^10,11	59	³⁰	55	^15,32	—		—		3		5		—		—
Syrian Arab Republic	9	12	16	18	97	1,556		2,452		2,835		2,193		100		108		109		123		604		914		1,125		2,249		46		52		43		63		140		222		—		—		17		18		—		—
Thailand¹⁶	47	56	61	62	122	7,393		6,957		6,179		6,113		99		99		95		99		1,920		2,230		5,577		5,010		29		30		82		77		911	²²	1,156	²⁶	2,096		2,251		15		19	²⁶	35		41
Turkey¹⁶	44	56	65	72	93	5,656		6,862		8,015	¹⁰	7,904	^10,11	96		99		101	¹⁰	95	^10,11	2,218		3,808		—		5,742	^10,11	35		47		—		85	^10,11	246		750		1,607		1,918	¹¹	5		13		24		28	¹¹
Uzbekistan	16	21	25	26	63	1,391		1,778		—		2,441	¹⁰	81		81		—		100	¹⁰	2,879		3,295		—		4,235	¹⁰	105		99		—		95	¹⁰	516		603		—		408	¹⁰	28		30		—		15	¹⁰
Vietnam	54	67	79	82	252	7,887		8,862		9,751		8,350		109		103		106		98		3,847	²¹	3,236		8,321		9,589		42		32		67		73		115		130		750		845	¹⁰	2		2		10		10	¹⁰
Yemen	8	12	18	20	37	—		2,679	²⁷	2,644	¹⁰	3,108		—		79	²⁷	79	¹⁰	87		—		212	²⁷	—		1,446		—		23	²⁷	—		48		—		53	¹⁵	—		192		—		4	¹⁵	—		9

Europe
Belarus⁸	10	10	10	10	47	750		615		551	¹⁰	404		104		95		109	¹⁰	101		760		968		981	¹⁰	970		98		93		84	¹⁰	93		340		335		438		507		39		48		56		61
Belgium¹⁶	10	10	10	10	344	842		719		772		762	¹¹	104		101		105		105	¹¹	836		769		—		181	¹¹	91		103		—		160	¹¹	196		276		359		386		26		40		58		63
Czech Republic¹⁶	10	10	10	10	132	647		546		631		567	¹¹	96		96		104		102	¹¹	1,161	³⁰	1,268		1,004		1,000	¹¹	99		91		95		97	¹¹	118	³³	118	³³	260		287	¹¹	17		16		30		37	¹¹
France¹⁶	54	57	59	60	109	4,610		4,149		3,838		3,792	¹¹	111		108		105		105	¹¹	5,014		5,522		5,876		5,859	¹¹	85		99		108		110	¹¹	1,077		1,699		2,032		2,160		25		40		54		56
Germany^16,34	78	79	82	83	237	3,636		3,431		3,519		3,304	¹¹	—		101		104		99	¹¹	8,457		7,398		8,388		8,447	¹¹	—		98		99		100	¹¹	1,624		2,049		—		—		27		34		—		—
Greece¹⁶	10	10	11	11	86	901		813		636		652	¹¹	103		98		99		100	¹¹	740		851		743		714	¹¹	81		93		98		96	¹¹	121		283		478		561	¹¹	17		36		63		72	¹¹
Hungary^8,16	11	10	10	10	109	1,162		1,131		490		464	¹¹	96		95		102		99	¹¹	357		514		—		1,030	¹¹	70		79		—		103	¹¹	101		102		331		390	¹¹	14		14		40		52	¹¹
Italy^8,16	56	57	58	58	196	4,423		3,056		2,810		2,779	¹¹	100		103		101		101	¹¹	5,308		5,118		4,473		4,528	¹¹	72		83		96		99	¹¹	1,118		1,452		1,812		1,986		27		32		50		63
Netherlands^8,16	14	15	16	16	480	1,333		1,082		1,282		1,291	¹¹	100		102		108		108	¹¹	1,391		1,402		1,403		1,415	¹¹	93		120		124		122	¹¹	360		479		504		527	¹¹	29		40		55		58	¹¹
Poland^8,16	36	38	39	38	125	4,167		5,189		3,221		2,983	¹¹	100		98		100		100	¹¹	1,674		1,888		3,974		3,895	¹¹	77		81		101		105	¹¹	589		545		1,775		1,983	¹¹	18		22		56		59	¹¹
Portugal¹⁶	10	10	10	10	114	1,240		1,020		802		768	¹¹	123		123		121		118	¹¹	398		670		813		766	¹¹	37		67		114		109	¹¹	92		186		388		401	¹¹	11		23		50		56	¹¹
Romania⁸	22	23	22	22	95	3,308		1,253		1,090		991	¹¹	104		91		99		100	¹¹	1,148		2,838		2,249		2,218	¹¹	94		92		82		85	¹¹	193		193		533		644	¹¹	12		10		27		36	¹¹
Russian Federation¹⁶	139	148	146	143	8	6,009		7,596		5,702		5,417	¹¹	102		109		109		118	¹¹	12,991		13,956		13,858		14,522	¹¹	96		93		83		93	¹¹	5,700		5,100		7,224		8,622	¹⁰	46		52		64		68	¹⁰
Spain^8,16	38	39	39	41	83	3,610		2,820		2,505		2,488	¹¹	109		109		105		107	¹¹	3,977		4,755		3,183		3,053	¹¹	87		104		116		117	¹¹	698		1,222		1,834		1,840		23		37		59		66
Ukraine⁸	50	52	50	48	83	3,592		3,991		—		1,851		102		89		—		95		3,406		3,408		—		4,446		94		93		—		93		1,684		1,652		—		2,465		42		47		—		66
United Kingdom^8,16	56	58	60	59	247	4,911		4,533		4,596		4,488	¹¹	103		104		99		101	¹¹	5,342		4,336		8,374		9,219	¹¹	83		85		156		170	¹¹	827		1,258		2,067		2,247		19		30		60		60

North America
Canada¹⁶	25	28	31	32	3	2,185		2,376		2,456		2,482	^10,14	99		103		100		101	^10,14	2,323		2,292		2,621		2,622	^10,14	88		101		106		105	^10,14	1,173	³⁵	1,917		1,212		1,193	^10,14	57		95		59		57	^10,14
Cuba	10	11	—	—	—	1,469		888		1,007		906		106		98		102		100		1,146		1,002		837		932		81		89		85		93		152		242		178		236	¹¹	17		21		25		33	¹¹
Guatemala	7	9	11	13	116	803		1,165		1,909		2,281		71		78		102		113		172		295	¹⁵	504		699		19		23	¹⁵	37		49		51		70	²⁶	—		115	^10,11	8		8	²⁶	—		10	^10,11
Mexico¹⁶	68	83	98	104	54	14,666		14,402		14,793		14,857	¹¹	120		114		113		109	¹¹	4,742		6,704		9,357		10,188	¹¹	49		53		75		79	¹¹	930		1,311		2,048		2,237	¹¹	14		15		21		22	¹¹
United States¹⁶	230	254	282	294	32	20,420		22,429		25,298		24,849	¹¹	99		102		101		100	¹¹	21,585		19,270		23,087		23,854	¹¹	91		93		95		95	¹¹	12,097		13,710		13,596		16,900		56		75		73		82

South America
Argentina¹⁶	28	33	37	38	14	3,917		4,965		4,898		4,914	¹⁴	106		106		120		118	¹⁴	1,327		2,160		3,832		3,976	¹⁴	56		71		97		99	¹⁴	491		1,008	¹⁵	—		2,027	¹⁴	22		38	¹⁵	—		61	¹⁴
Brazil¹⁶	122	148	170	179	21	22,598		28,944		20,212		19,380	¹⁴	98		106		155		145	¹⁴	2,819		3,499		26,097		26,789	¹⁴	33		38		108		110	¹⁴	1,409		1,540	³⁶	2,781		3,582	¹⁴	11		11		17		20	¹⁴
Chile¹⁶	11	13	15	16	21	2,185		1,991		1,799		1,714	¹¹	109		100		103		99	¹¹	538		720		1,391		1,557	¹¹	53		73		85		88	¹¹	145		262	¹⁵	452		567	¹¹	12		21	¹⁵	38		43	¹¹
Colombia	27	33	42	45	44	4,168		4,247		5,221		5,259		112		102		112		111		1,733		2,378	¹⁵	3,569		4,051		39		50		70		75		272		487		934		1,113		9		13		23		27
Ecuador	8	10	13	13	48	1,534		1,846		1,955		1,990		117		116		115		117		592		786	^21,37	936		997		53		55		57		61		270		207		—		—		35		20		—		—
Peru¹⁶	17	22	26	28	22	3,161		3,855		4,338		4,283	¹⁴	114		118		127		118	¹⁴	1,203		1,698		2,376	¹⁰	2,540	¹⁴	59		67		86	¹⁰	90	¹⁴	306		678		—		831	^10,14	17		30		—		32	^10,14
Venezuela	15	20	24	26	30	3,158		4,053		3,347		3,453		93		96		102		105		222		281		1,544	¹⁰	1,954		21		35		59		72		307		550		681	¹⁰	983	^10,11	21		29		29	¹⁰	39	^10,11

Oceania
Australia^8,16	15	17	19	20	3	1,718		1,583		1,906		1,932	¹¹	112		108		102		102	¹¹	1,100		1,278		2,589		2,569	¹¹	71		82		161		154	¹¹	324	³⁸	485	³⁸	845		1,003		25		36		63		72

—Not available.
# Rounds to zero.
¹ Selection based on total population for midyear 2004.
² First-level enrollment generally consists of elementary school, grades 1–6.
³ Second-level enrollment includes general education, teacher training (at the second level), and technical and vocational education. This level generally corresponds to secondary education in the United States, grades 7–12.
⁴ Third-level enrollment includes college and university enrollment, and technical and vocational education beyond the high school level. There is considerable variation in reporting from country to country.
⁵ Data represent the total enrollment of all ages in the school level divided by the population of the specific age groups that correspond to the school level. For 1980, 1990, and 2000, the year shown in this column is the one in which the school or academic year starts. Adjustments have been made for the varying lengths of first- and second-level programs. Ratios may exceed 100 because some countries have many students from outside the normal age range.
⁶ In 2006, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics changed its naming convention for citing the reference year of education data from the calendar year to the ending year of the academic or fiscal year cited.
⁷ Enrollment totals and ratios exclude Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Data do not include adult education or special education provided outside regular schools.
⁸ Classification or data coverage of levels has been revised. Data by level may not be comparable over time.
⁹ Data for 1994–95.
¹⁰ Estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
¹¹ Data for 2002–03.
¹² Policy change in 2000–01: introduction of free universal primary education.
¹³ National estimation.
¹⁴ Data for 2001–02.
¹⁵ Data for 1991–92.
¹⁶ Data in the 2004 enrollment columns are provisional.
¹⁷ Excludes private institutions.
¹⁸ Data refer to universities and exclude Al Azhar.
¹⁹ Data for 2004–05.
²⁰ Excludes nonuniversity institutions (such as teacher training colleges and technical colleges) and excludes distance-learning universities.
²¹ General education enrollment only. Excludes teacher training and vocational education enrollments.
²² Data for 1981–82.
²³ Does not include professional schools.
²⁴ Includes initiation classes where students learn Portuguese.
²⁵ Estimated.
²⁶ Data for 1992–93.
²⁷ Data for 1993–94.
²⁸ Not including the former Independent States of Transke, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei.
²⁹ Data refer to government aided and maintained schools only.
³⁰ Data for 1985–86.
³¹ Includes preprimary education.
³² Excludes some nonuniversity institutions.
³³ Includes full-time students only.
³⁴ Data include both former East and West Germany.
³⁵ Not including part-time students at community colleges.
³⁶ Not including former ISCED level 7.
³⁷ Including vocational education.
³⁸ Data do not include Vocational Education and Training Institutes (VETS).
NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Statistical Yearbook, 1999 and Global Education Digest, 2003, 2005, and 2006, and unpublished tabulations. World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2000 and World Development Report, 2002, 2004, and 2006. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, International Data Base, retrieved May 6, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/ipc/ www/idbnew.html. (This table was prepared August 2006.)

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