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Digest of Education Statistics
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES  

LIST OF 1996 DIGEST TABLES

Tables Figures
 Chapter 1.  All Levels of Education
Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools
Table 1.Estimated number of participants in elementary and secondary education and in higher education: Fall 1996
Table 2.Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Fall 1980 to fall 2000
Table 3.Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and by control of institution: 1869-70 to fall 2006
Table 4.Teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and senior instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Fall 1970 to fall 2006
Table 5.Educational institutions, by level and control of institution: 1978-79 to 1994-95

Enrollment Rates
Table 6.Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age: April 1940 to October 1995
Table 7.Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by race/ethnicity, sex, and age: October 1975 to October 1995

Educational Attainment
Table 8.Years of school completed by persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race and sex: 1910 to 1995
Table 9.Highest level of education attained by persons age 18 and over, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: 1995
Table 10.Number of persons age 18 and over who hold a bachelor's or higher degree, by field of study, sex, race, and age: Spring 1993
Table 11.Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by state: April 1990
Table 12.Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by state and race/ethnicity: April 1990
Table 13.Years of school completed by persons age 25 and over in the 15 largest states and the 15 largest metropolitan areas: March 1993

Population
Table 14.Estimates of resident population, by age group: July 1, 1960 to July 1, 1995
Table 15.Estimates of school-age resident population, by race and sex: July 1, 1960 to July 1, 1995
Table 16.Estimated total and school-age population, by state: 1970 to 1995

Characteristics of Families With Children
Table 17.Families, by family status and presence of own children under 18: 1970 to 1994
Table 18.Characteristics of families with own children under 18, by family status and race/ethnicity : 1994
Table 19.Household income and poverty rates, by state: 1990, 1993 and 1994
Table 20.Poverty status of persons, families, and children under 18, by race/ethnicity: 1959 to 1994

Opinions on Education
Table 21.Average grade that the public would give the schools in their community and in the nation at large: 1974 to 1995
Table 22.Items most frequently cited by the general public as a major problem facing the local public schools: 1970 to 1995
Table 23.Public opinion of public and private school choice: 1989 to 1995
Table 24.Parental involvement in 8th graders' school-related activities, by selected parental characteristics: 1988
Table 25.Teachers' opinions about the most important goals for education, by type and control of school: 1990-91
Table 26.Teachers' perceptions about serious problems in their schools, by type and control of school: 1990-91 and 1993-94
Table 27.Teachers' perceptions about teaching and school conditions, by type and control of school: 1993-94
Table 28.Public's level of confidence in various institutions: 1994

Charitable Contributions
Table 29.Percentage of households contributing to education and other charitable organizations and average annual donation, by type of charity: 1989, 1991, and 1993

Finances
Table 30.Total expenditures of educational institutions related to the gross domestic product, by level of institution: 1959-60 to 1995-96
Table 31.Total expenditures of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: 1899-1900 to 1995-96
Table 32.Estimated total expenditures of educational institutions, by level, control of institution, and source of funds: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 33.Governmental expenditures, by level of government and function: 1970-71 to 1991-92
Table 34.Direct general expenditures of state and local governments for all functions and for education, by level and state: 1991-92
Table 35.Direct general expenditures per capita of state and local governments for all functions and for education, by level and state: 1991-92
Table 36.Gross domestic product, state and local expenditures, personal income, disposable personal income, median family income, and population: 1929 to 1995
Table 37.Gross domestic product deflator, Consumer Price Index, education price indexes, and federal budget composite deflator: 1919 to 1996
 Chapter 2.  Elementary and Secondary Education
Enrollment
Table 38.Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1993-94
Table 39.Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level and state: Fall 1980 to fall 1995
Table 40.Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1994
Table 41.Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1993
Table 42.Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade: Fall 1980 to fall 1994
Table 43.Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969-70 to 1993-94
Table 44.Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race or ethnicity and state: Fall 1986 and fall 1994
Table 45.Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by level and control of program and by attendance status: October 1965 to October 1995
Table 46.Child care, nursery school, and kindergarten experiences prior to first grade, by educational attainment of parents: 1991
Table 47.Childcare arrangements of preschool children, by age and household characteristics: 1991 and 1995
Table 48.Percent of public school kindergarten teachers indicating the importance of various factors for kindergarten readiness: Spring 1993
Table 49.Participation of public kindergarten children in selected activities 5 days a week, by length and size of class and teacher preparation: Spring 1993
Table 50.Public school pupils transported at public expense and current expenditures for transportation: 1929-30 to 1993-94
Table 51.Children 0 to 21 years old served in federally supported programs for the disabled, by type of disability: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 52.Percentage distribution of disabled persons 3 to 21 years old receiving education services for the disabled, by age group and educational environment: 1992-93
Table 53.State legislation on gifted and talented programs and number and percent of students receiving services in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1993-94
Table 54.Number of children served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act, State Operated Programs, by age group and state: 1990-91 and 1991-92 and 1993-94
Table 55.Enrollment in grades 9 to 12 in public and private schools compared with population 14 to 17 years of age: 1889-90 to fall 1995
Table 56.Enrollment in foreign language courses compared with enrollment in grades 9 to 12 of public secondary schools: Fall 1948 to fall 1990
Table 57.Student participation in school programs and services, by control, level of school, and type of community: 1993-94

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools
Table 58.Private elementary and secondary enrollment and schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94
Table 59.Private elementary and secondary staff and student-staff ratios, by level and orientation of school: 1993-94
Table 60.Private elementary and secondary enrollment and schools, by amount of tuition, level, and orientation of school: 1993-94
Table 61.Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools, by level: 1919-20 to 1995-96
Table 62.Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by state: Fall 1993

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff
Table 63.Public and private elementary and secondary teachers and pupil-teacher ratios, by level: Fall 1955 to fall 1996
Table 64.Public elementary and secondary teachers, by level and state: Fall 1990 to fall 1995
Table 65.Teachers, enrollment, and pupil-teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: Fall 1989 to fall 1994
Table 66.Teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94
Table 67.Highest degree earned and number of years teaching experience for teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1993-94
Table 68.Selected characteristics of public school teachers: Spring 1961 to spring 1991
Table 69.Public secondary school teachers, by subject taught: Spring 1966 to spring 1991
Table 70.Percent of vocational and nonvocational public school teachers of grades 9 to 12, by selected demographic and educational characteristics: 1993-94
Table 71.Mobility of public and private elementary and secondary teachers, by selected school and teacher characteristics: 1988-89 and 1991-92
Table 72.Average salaries for full-time teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94
Table 73.Percent of public school teachers who agree strongly or agree somewhat with aspects of job satisfaction: 1984 and 1995
Table 74.Public school teachers' ratings of their schools and whether suggested changes will have a positive effect on education (in percent): 1984 and 1995
Table 75.Percent of public school teachers who think about leaving: 1985 and 1995
Table 76.Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: 1959-60 to 1995-96
Table 77.Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969-70 to 1995-96
Table 78.Minimum and average teacher salaries, by state: 1990-91, 1993-94, and 1994-95
Table 79.Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1939-40 to 1995-96
Table 80.Estimated average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary schools and average annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries: 1929-30 to 1995-96
Table 81.Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by functional area: 1949-50 to fall 1994
Table 82.Staff employed in public school systems, by type of assignment and state: Fall 1994
Table 83.Staff employed in public school systems, by type of assignment and state: Fall 1993
Table 84.Staff and teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: Fall 1988 to fall 1994
Table 85.Staff, enrollment, and pupil-staff ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: Fall 1988 to fall 1994
Table 86.Principals in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993-94

Schools and School Districts
Table 87.Public elementary and secondary students, schools, pupil-teacher ratios, and finances, by type of locale: 1993
Table 88.Public school districts and public and private elementary and secondary schools: 1929-30 to 1994-95
Table 89.Public school districts and enrollment, by size of district: 1988-89 to 1994-95
Table 90.Number and percentage of public elementary and secondary education agencies, by state and type of agency: 1994-95
Table 91.Selected statistics for public school districts enrolling more than 20,000 pupils, by state: 1993-94
Table 92.Enrollment of the 130 largest public school districts: Fall 1994
Table 93.Public elementary and secondary schools, by type of school: 1967-68 to 1994-95
Table 94.Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and size of school: 1994-95
Table 95.Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state: 1989-90 to 1994-95
Table 96.Public elementary schools, by grade span and average school size, by state: 1994-95
Table 97.Public secondary schools, by grade span and average school size, by state: 1994-95

High School Seniors, Completions, and Dropouts
Table 98.High school graduates compared with population 17 years of age, by sex and control of school: 1869-70 to 1995-96
Table 99.Public high school graduates, by state: 1969-70 to 1995-96
Table 100.General Educational Development (GED) credentials issued, and number and age of test takers: United States and outlying areas, 1971 to 1994
Table 101.Percent of high school dropouts among persons 16 to 24 years old, by sex and race/ethnicity: April 1960 to October 1995
Table 102.Percent of high school dropouts among persons 16 to 34 years old, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: October 1970 to October 1995
Table 103.Students with disabilities exiting the educational system, by age, type of disability, and basis of exit: United States and outlying areas, 1991-92 and 1992-93
Table 104.Postsecondary education and employment status, wages earned, and living arrangements of special education students out of secondary school up to 3 years, by type of disability: 1990

Educational Achievement
Table 105.Average student proficiency in reading, by age and selected characteristics of students: 1971 to 1992
Table 106.Student proficiency in reading, by percentile and age: 1971 to 1992
Table 107.Student proficiency in reading, by age, amount of time spent on homework, reading habits, and reading materials in the home: 1971, 1984, and 1992
Table 108.Percent of students at or above selected reading proficiency levels, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 1971 to 1992
Table 109.Average proficiency in reading for 4th graders in public schools, by selected characteristics, region, and state: 1994
Table 110.Average proficiency in reading for 4th graders in public schools, by reading and television watching habits, region, and state: 1992
Table 111.Average writing performance of 4th, 8th, and 11th graders, by selected characteristics of students: 1984 to 1992
Table 112.Student values and attitudes toward writing, by grade level: 1984, 1990, and 1992
Table 113.Percent of students at or above selected history proficiency levels, by selected characteristics and grade level: 1994
Table 114.Average student proficiency in geography and U.S. history, by student characteristics: 1994
Table 115.Percent of students at or above selected geography proficiency levels, by selected characteristics and grade level: 1994
Table 116.Average mathematics proficiency, by age and by selected characteristics of students: 1978 to 1992
Table 117.Percent of students at or above selected mathematics proficiency levels, by race/ethnicity and age: 1978 to 1992
Table 118.Average proficiency in mathematics content areas for 8th graders in public schools, by region and state: 1990 and 1992
Table 119.Average proficiency in mathematics content areas for 4th graders in public schools, by region and state: 1992
Table 120.Selected characteristics of 8th grade students in public schools, by region and state: 1992
Table 121.Mathematics proficiency of 17-year-olds, by highest mathematics course taken, sex, and race/ethnicity: 1978, 1990 and 1992
Table 122.Percent of students at or above selected science proficiency levels, by race/ethnicity and age: 1977 to 1992
Table 123.Average science proficiency, by age and by selected characteristics of students: 1977 to 1992
Table 124.Twelfth graders' achievement on history, mathematics, reading, and science tests: 1992
Table 125.Scholastic Aptitude Test score averages for college-bound high school seniors, by sex: 1966-67 to 1994-95
Table 126.Scholastic Aptitude Test score averages, by race/ethnicity: 1975-76 to 1994-95
Table 127.Distribution of Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, by sex of student: 1975-76 to 1994-95
Table 128.Scholastic Assessment Test score averages, by intended area of study: 1977-78 to 1994-95
Table 129.Scholastic Assessment Test score averages, by class rank: 1976-77 to 1994-95
Table 130.Scholastic Assessment Test score averages, by state: 1974-75 to 1994-95
Table 131.American College Testing (ACT) score averages, by sex: 1967 to 1995
Table 132.Percent of high school seniors reporting they were in general, college preparatory, and vocational programs, by student characteristics: 1982 and 1992
Table 133.Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject fields, by student characteristics: 1982 to 1992
Table 134.Average number of Carnegie units earned by public school graduates in vocational education courses, by student characteristics: 1982 to 1992
Table 135.Percentage of high school graduates taking selected mathematics and science courses in high school, by sex and rece/ethnicity: 1982 to 1994
Table 136.Percent of high school graduates earning minimum credits in selected combinations of academic courses, by sex and race/ethnicity: 1982 to 1992

Student Activities and Behavior
Table 137.Reasons given by twelfth graders for taking current mathematics and science classes, by selected student and school characteristics: 1992
Table 138.Expected occupations of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders at age 30, by selected student and school characteristics: 1988, 1990, and 1992
Table 139.Eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders' attitudes about school climate, by student and school characteristics: 1988, 1990, and 1992
Table 140.Home activities of 3- to 8-year-olds, by grade of student: 1991
Table 141.Participation of 10th and 12th graders in extracurricular activities, by selected student characteristics: 1990 and 1992
Table 142.Percent of high school seniors who plan to go to college after graduation, by student characteristics: 1982 and 1992
Table 143.Percent of high school seniors who say they engage in various activities, by student characteristics: 1982 and 1992
Table 144.Percent of high school seniors who participate in selected school-sponsored extracurricular activities, by student characteristics: 1980 and 1992
Table 145.Percent of high school students who reported experience with drugs and violence on school property, by race/ethnicity, grade, and sex: 1993
Table 146.Percent of 12- to 17-year-olds reporting drug use during the past 30 days and the past year: 1972 to 1994
Table 147.Percent of high school seniors reporting drug use, by type of drug and frequency of use: 1975 to 1995
Table 148.Percent of teachers (grades 7 to 12) who feel that certain problems are serious or somewhat serious: 1995

State Regulations
Table 149.Ages for compulsory school attendance, special education services for students, policies for kindergarten programs, and year-round schools, by state: 1995 and 1996
Table 150.Tenth and twelfth graders' attendance patterns, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990 and 1992
Table 151.Tenth graders who agree or strongly agree with statements on why they go to school: 1990
Table 152.State requirements for high school graduation, in Carnegie units: 1980 and 1993
Table 153.States using minimum-competency testing, by government level setting standards, grade levels assessed, and expected uses of standards: 1993, 1994, and 1995
Table 154.States requiring testing for initial certification of teachers, by authorization, year enacted, year effective, and test used: 1987, 1990 and 1996

Revenues and Expenditures
Table 155.Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: 1919-20 to 1993-94
Table 156.Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state: 1993-94
Table 157.Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state: 1992-93
Table 158.Funds and staff for state education agencies, by source of funding and state: 1992-93
Table 159.Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: 1919-20 to 1993-94
Table 160.Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: 1989-90 to 1993-94
Table 161.Expenditures for instruction in public elementary and secondary schools, by subfunction and state: 1992-93 to 1993-94
Table 162.Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state: 1959-60 to 1995-96
Table 163.Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1993-94
Table 164.Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1992-93
Table 165.Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1959-60 to 1993-94
Table 166.Total and current expenditure per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: 1919-20 to 1995-96
 Chapter 3.  Postsecondary Education
Degree-Granting Institutions
Enrollment
Table 167.Enrollment and staff in, and degrees conferred by, institutions of higher education and noncollegiate postsecondary institutions: 1993-94 and fall 1993 and 1994
Table 168.Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher education: 1869-70 to 1993-94
Table 169.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 1947 to 1994
Table 170.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1963 to 1994
Table 171.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex, and age: Fall 1970 to fall 2006
Table 172.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level, sex, age, and attendance status of student: Fall 1993
Table 173.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution, and age and attendance status of student: 1993
Table 174.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status, and type and control of institution: 1993 and 1994
Table 175.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution, attendance status, and sex of student: 1970 to 1994
Table 176.Fall enrollment and number of institutions of higher education, by affiliation of institution: 1980 to 1994
Table 177.Total first-time freshmen enrolled in institutions of higher education, by sex of student, attendance status, and type and control of institution: Fall 1955 to fall 1994
Table 178.Total first-time freshmen enrolled in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex, control of institution, and state: Fall 1991 to fall 1994
Table 179.College enrollment rates of high school graduates, by race/ethnicity: 1960 to 1995
Table 180.College enrollment rates of high school graduates, by sex: 1960 to 1995
Table 181.Graduation, college preparation, and college application rates of high school students, by selected school characteristics: 1993-94
Table 182.Enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in institutions of higher education, by race/ethnicity: 1967 to 1995
Table 183.Total undergraduate fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex of student, attendance status, and control of institution: 1969 to 1994
Table 184.Total graduate fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 1969 to 1994
Table 185.Total first-professional fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 1969 to 1994
Table 186.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by state: 1970 to 1994
Table 187.Total fall enrollment in public institutions of higher education, by state: 1970 to 1994
Table 188.Total fall enrollment in private institutions of higher education, by state: 1970 to 1994
Table 189.Total fall enrollment in all institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex, and state: 1993 and 1994
Table 190.Total fall enrollment in public institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex, and state: 1993 and 1994
Table 191.Total fall enrollment in private institutions of higher education, by attendance status, sex, and state: 1993 and 1994
Table 192.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control, type of institution, and state: 1993 and 1994
Table 193.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level of enrollment and state: 1992 to 1994
Table 194.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control, level of enrollment, and state: 1994
Table 195.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control, level of enrollment, and state: 1993
Table 196.Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1969 to 1994
Table 197.Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control, type of institution, and state: 1992 to 1994
Table 198.Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control and state: 1980 to 1994
Table 199.Residence and migration of all freshmen students in institutions of higher education, by state: Fall 1994
Table 200.Residence and migration of all freshmen students in institutions of higher education graduating from high school in the past 12 months, by state: Fall 1994
Table 201.Residence and migration of all freshmen students in 4-year colleges graduating from high school in the past 12 months, by state: Fall 1994
Table 202.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994
Table 203.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level of study, sex, and race/ethnicity of student: 1976 to 1994
Table 204.Total number of institutions and fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by percentage minority enrollment: 1994
Table 205.Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by race/ethnicity of student and by state: 1992, 1993, and 1994
Table 206.Percent of students enrolled in postsecondary institutions, by disability status and selected student characteristics: 1992-93
Table 207.Enrollment of persons 14 to 34 years of age in institutions of higher education, by race/ethnicity, sex, and year of college: October 1965 to October 1995
Table 208.Enrollment in postsecondary education, by major field of study, age, and level of student: 1992-93
Table 209.Graduate enrollment in science and engineering programs in institutions of higher education, by field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1981 to fall 1992
Table 210.Institutions of higher education and branches, by type, control, and size of enrollment: Fall 1993 and fall 1994
Table 211.Enrollment of the 120 largest college and university campuses: Fall 1994
Table 212.Selected statistics for college and university campuses enrolling more than 14,600 students in 1994
Table 213.Fall enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in historically black colleges and universities, by institution: 1994
Table 214.Selected statistics on historically black colleges and universities: 1980, 1988, and 1994
Table 215.Fall enrollment in historically black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution: 1976 to 1994

Staff
Table 216.Employees in institutions of higher education, by primary occupation, employment status, and control of institution: Fall 1976, fall 1991, and fall 1993
Table 217.Employees in institutions of higher education by race, primary occupation, control of institution, sex, and employment status: Fall 1993
Table 218.Employees in institutions of higher education, by primary occupation, sex, employment status, and by type and control of institution: Fall 1993
Table 219.Staff and studen/staff ratios in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by state: Fall 1993

Faculty
Table 220.Full-time and part-time senior instructional faculty in institutions of higher education, by employment status, control, and type of institution: Fall 1970 to fall 1993
Table 221.Full-time instructional faculty in institutions of higher education, by race/ethnicity, academic rank, and sex: Fall 1993
Table 222.Full-time and part-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by selected characteristics and type and control of institution: Fall 1992
Table 223.Full-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1992
Table 224.Part-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1992
Table 225.Full-time and part-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by type and control, academic rank, age, salary, race/ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992
Table 226.Full-time and part-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by faculty characteristics and field: Fall 1992
Table 227.Percentage distribution of full-time and part-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by program area, race/ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992
Table 228.Average base salaries of full-time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by field of instruction: 1987-88 and 1992-93
Table 229.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: 1970-71 to 1994-95
Table 230.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, sex, and by type and control of institution: 1980-81, 1990-91, 1993-94, and 1994-95
Table 231.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by state: 1994-95
Table 232.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by state: 1993-94
Table 233.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and rank of faculty and by state: 1994-95
Table 234.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and rank of faculty and by state: 1993-94
Table 235.Full-time instructional faculty with tenure for institutions reporting tenure status, by academic rank, sex, and type and control of institution: 1980-81, 1990-91, 1993-94, and 1994-95

Institutions
Table 236.Institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1949-50 to 1995-96
Table 237.Institutions of higher education and branches, by type, control of institution, and state: 1995-96
Table 238.Institutions of higher education that have closed their doors, by control and type of institution: 1960-61 to 1994-95

Degrees
Table 239.Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1869-70 to 2005-06
Table 240.Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by state: 1992-93 and 1993-94
Table 241.Associate degrees conferred by institution of higher education, by sex and field of study: 1987-88 to 1991-92
Table 242.Associate degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by institutions of higher education, by length of curriculum, sex of student, and field of study: 1993-94
Table 243.Associate degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by institutions of higher education, by length of curriculum, sex of student, and field of study: 1992-93
Table 244.Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1993-94
Table 245.Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1992-93
Table 246.Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 247.Master's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 248.Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 249.Degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by control of institution: 1969-70 to 1993-94
Table 250.Degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by control of institution, level of degree, and discipline division: 1993-94
Table 251.Degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by control of institution, level of degree, and discipline division: 1992-93
Table 252.Number of institutions of higher education conferring degrees, by level of degree and discipline division: 1993-94
Table 253.Number of institutions of higher education conferring degrees, by level of degree and discipline division: 1992-93
Table 254.First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex, and number of institutions conferring degrees: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 255.First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student, control of institution, and field of study: 1982-83 to 1993-94
Table 256.Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 257.Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993-94
Table 258.Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1992-93
Table 259.Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 260.Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993-94
Table 261.Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1992-93
Table 262.Master's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 263.Master's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993-94
Table 264.Master's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1992-93
Table 265.Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 266.Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993-94
Table 267.Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1992-93
Table 268.First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 269.First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1993-94
Table 270.First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1992-93
Table 271.Earned degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 272.Earned degrees in architecture and related programs conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 273.Earned degrees in the biological/life sciences conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1951-52 to 1993-94
Table 274.Earned degrees in biology, microbiology, and zoology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 275.Earned degrees in business management and administrative services conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1955-56 to 1993-94
Table 276.Earned degrees in communications conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 277.Earned degrees in computer and information sciences conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 278.Earned degrees in education conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 279.Earned degrees in engineering conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 280.Earned degrees in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 281.Earned degrees in English language and literature/letters conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 282.Earned degrees in modern foreign languages and literatures conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 283.Earned degrees in French, German, and Spanish conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 284.Earned degrees in the health professions and related sciences conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 285.Earned degrees in mathematics conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 286.Earned degrees in the physical sciences conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1959-60 to 1993-94
Table 287.Earned degrees in chemistry, geology, and physics conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 288.Earned degrees in psychology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by sex of student: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 289.Earned degrees in public administration and services conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 290.Earned degrees in the social sciences and history conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 291.Earned degrees in economics, history, political science and government, and sociology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1949-50 to 1993-94
Table 292.Earned degrees in visual and performing arts conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 293.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees, by field of study: 1993-94
Table 294.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in education: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 295.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in engineering: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 296.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the humanities: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 297.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the life sciences: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 298.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the physical sciences: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 299.Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the social sciences: 1979-80 to 1993-94
Table 300.Doctor's degrees conferred by 60 large institutions of higher education: 1984-85 to 1993-94

Outcomes
Table 301.Percentage distribution of 1980 high school sophomores by the timing of their first postsecondary enrollment, by selected characteristics: 1982 to 1992
Table 302.Percentage distribution of 1980 high school sophomores, by highest level of education completed through 1992, by selected student characteristics: 1980 to 1992
Table 303.Mean number of semester credits completed by bachelor's degree recipients, by major and course area: 1972 to 1976 and 1980 to 1984
Table 304.Colleges and universities offering remedial services, by type and control of institution: 1987-88 to 1995-96
Table 305.Highest level of education attained by 1980 high school seniors, by selected student and school characteristics: Spring 1986
Table 306.Highest level of education attained by 1980 high school seniors, by race/ethnicity and October 1980 postsecondary education attendance status: Spring 1986
Table 307.Enrollment and completion status of first-time postsecondary students starting during the 1989-90 academic year, by degree objective and other student characteristics: 1994
Table 308.Scores on Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and subject matter tests: 1965 to 1995

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance
Table 309.Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates paid by students in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution: 1964-65 to 1995-96
Table 310.Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates paid by students in institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by state: 1994-95 and 1995-96
Table 311.Average graduate and first-professional tuition paid by students in institutions of higher education: 1987-88 to 1995-96
Table 312.Percent of undergraduates enrolled in fall 1992 receiving aid and average amount awarded in 1992-93 per student, by type and source of aid and selected student characteristics
Table 313.Undergraduates enrolled full-time and part-time in 1992, by aid status and source of aid during 1992-93, and control and level of institution
Table 314.Undergraduates enrolled full-time and part-time in 1992, by type and source of aid received during 1992-93, and by control and level of institution
Table 315.Undergraduates enrolled full-time and part-time in 1992, by federal aid program and by control and level of institution: 1992-93
Table 316.Postbaccalaureate students enrolled full-time and part-time in 1992, by aid status and source of aid during 1992-93, by level of study and by control and level of institution
Table 317.Postbaccalaureate students enrolled full-time and part-time in 1992, by type of aid received during 1992-93, by level of study and by control and level of institution
Table 318.Scholarship and fellowship awards of institutions of higher education, by control of institution: 1959-60 to 1993-94
Table 319.Pell Grant revenue of institutions of higher education compared to current-fund revenue and tuition, by type and control of institution: 1985-86 to 1993-94
Table 320.State awards for need-based undergraduate scholarship and grant programs, by state: 1983-84 to 1994-95

Income
Table 321.Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by source: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 322.Current-fund revenue of public institutions of higher education, by source: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 323.Current-fund revenue of private institutions of higher education, by source: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 324.Revenue of institutions of higher education, by source of funds: 1919-20 to 1993-94
Table 325.Revenue of institutions of higher education, by source of funds, and by control and type of institution: 1993-94
Table 326.Current-fund revenue of public institutions of higher education, by state: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 327.Current-fund revenue of public institutions of higher education, by source of funds and state: 1993-94
Table 328.Current-fund revenue of public institutions of higher education, by source of funds and state: 1992-93
Table 329.Current-fund revenue from state and local governments of institutions of higher education, by state: 1985-86 to 1993-94
Table 330.Current-fund revenue received from the federal government by the 120 institutions of higher education receiving the largest amounts: 1993-94

Expenditures
Table 331.Current-fund expenditures and expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution: 1970-71 to 1993-94
Table 332.Current-fund expenditures and educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, by purpose and per student: 1929-30 to 1993-94
Table 333.Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by purpose and by control and type of institution: 1993-94
Table 334.Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by purpose: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 335.Current-fund expenditures of public institutions of higher education, by purpose: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 336.Current-fund expenditures of private institutions of higher education, by purpose: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 337.Voluntary support for institutions of higher education, by source and purpose of support: 1949-50 to 1994-95
Table 338.Educational and general expenditures of public universities, by purpose: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 339.Educational and general expenditures of public 4-year colleges, by purpose: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 340.Educational and general expenditures of public 2-year colleges, by purpose: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 341.Educational and general expenditures of private (nonprofit) universities, by purpose: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 342.Educational and general expenditures of private (nonprofit) 4-year colleges, by purpose: 1976-77 to 1993-94
Table 343.Current-fund expenditures of public institutions of higher education, by state: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 344.Educational and general expenditures of public institutions of higher education, by state: 1980-81 to 1993-94
Table 345.Current-fund expenditures and educational and general expenditures of private institutions of higher education, by state: 1985-86 to 1993-94
Table 346.Current-fund expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution and purpose of expenditure: 1993-94

Property
Table 347.Additions to physical plant value of institutions of higher education, by type of addition and control of institution: 1969-70 to 1993-94
Table 348.Value of property and liabilities of institutions of higher education: 1899-1900 to 1993-94
Table 349.Endowment funds of the 120 institutions of higher education with the largest amounts: Fiscal year 1994

Adult and Vocational Education
Adult Education
Table 350.Participants in adult education 17 years old and older, by selected characteristics of participants: 1991
Table 351.Type of employer involvement and number of courses taken by adult education participants 17 years old and older, by selected characteristics of participants: 1991
Table 352.Participants in adult basic and secondary education programs, by level of enrollment and state: Fiscal years 1980, 1990, and 1991

Vocational Education
Table 353.Number of noncollegiate institutions offering postsecondary education, by control and state: 1993-94, 1994-95, and 1995-96
 Chapter 4.  Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities
Table 354.Federal education support and estimated federal tax expenditures for education, by category: Fiscal years 1965 to 1996
Table 355.Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Fiscal years 1965 to 1996
Table 356.Federal on-budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1996
Table 357.Estimated federal support for education, by agency and type of ultimate recipient: Fiscal year 1996
Table 358.Federal on-budget funds obligated for programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education: Fiscal years 1980 to 1996
Table 359.U.S. Department of Education outlays, by level of education and type of recipient: Fiscal years 1980 to 1996
Table 360.U.S. Department of Education obligations for major programs, by state or other area: Fiscal year 1995
Table 361.U.S. Department of Education obligations for major programs, by state or other area: Fiscal year 1994
Table 362.Appropriations for Title I and Title VI, Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1994, by state or other area: 1994-95 and 1995-96
Table 363.Federal science and engineering obligations to colleges and universities, by agency and state: Fiscal year 1994
Table 364.Summary of federal funds for research, development, and R & D plant: Fiscal years 1988 to 1996
Table 365.Federal obligations to colleges and universities for research and development, by field: United States and outlying areas, 1980 to 1994
Table 366.U.S. Department of Agriculture obligations for child nutrition programs, by state or other area: Fiscal years 1994 and 1995
Table 367.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services allocations for Head Start and enrollment in Head Start, by state or other area: Fiscal years 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995
Table 368.Public school students receiving federally funded free or reduced price lunches, by selected school characteristics: School year 1993-94
Table 369.Public and private school students receiving federally funded Chapter 1 services, by selected school characteristics: School year 1993-94
 Chapter 5.  Outcomes of Education
Educational Characteristics of the Workforce
Table 370.Percent of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting drug use during the past 30 days and the past year: 1972 to 1994
Table 371.Percent of 1972, 1982, and 1992 high school seniors who felt that certain life values were ``very important,'' by sex: 1972 to 1994
Table 372.Labor force participation of persons 16 years old and over, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and highest level of education: 1995
Table 373.Occupation of employed persons 25 years old and over, by educational attainment and sex: 1995
Table 374.Unemployment rate of persons 16 years old and over, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and highest degree attained: 1992, 1994 and 1995
Table 375.Median annual income of year-round full-time workers 25 years old and over, by level of education completed and sex: 1989 to 1994
Table 376.Total annual money earnings and median income of persons 25 years old and over, by educational attainment and sex: 1994
Table 377.College enrollment and labor force status of 1994 and 1995 high school graduates 16 to 24 years old, by sex and race/ethnicity: October 1994 and October 1995

Recent High School and College Graduates
Table 378.408Labor force status of 1979-80 to 1994-95 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old, by sex and race/ethnicity: October 1980 to October 1995
Table 379.Employment of 12th graders, by selected student characteristics: 1992
Table 380.Full-time employment status of bachelor's degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field of study: 1976 to 1991
Table 381.Employment status of 1989-90 bachelor's degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field of study and occupational area: 1991
Table 382.Percentage of 1989-90 bachelor's degree recipients pursing further education within 1 year after graduation, by type of enrollment and undergraduate major: 1991
Table 383.Average annual salary of bachelor's degree recipients employed full-time 1 year after graduation, by field of study: 1976 to 1991
Table 384.Participation of young adults in voluntary organizations, by selected characteristics: 1984 to 1986 and 1992 to 1994
Table 385.Literacy skills of adults, 16 years old and over, by selected characteristics: 1992
 Chapter 6.  International Comparisons of Education
Table 386.School-age populations as a percent of total population: Selected countries, 1985, 1990 and 1991
Table 387.Percent of population enrolled in secondary and postsecondary institutions, by age group: Selected countries, 1985, 1990, and 1991
Table 388.Selected statistics for countries with populations over 10 million, by continent: 1980, 1990, and 1993
Table 389.Estimated population, school enrollment, teachers, and public expenditures for education in major areas of the world: 1980, 1990, 1992, and 1993
Table 390.Pupils per teacher in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by level of education: Selected countries, 1985 to 1992
Table 391.Geography proficiency of 13-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 392.Characteristics of educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 393.Classroom, home, and mathematics activities of 9-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 394.Mathematics test scores of 9-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 395.Classroom, home, and mathematics activities of 13-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 396.Mathematics test scores of 13-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 397.Science test scores of 9-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 398.Classroom, home, and science activities of 9-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 399.Classroom, home, and science activities of 13-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 400.Science test scores of 13-year-olds in educational systems participating in the International Assessment of Educational Progress: 1991
Table 401.Reading literacy test scores of 9-year-olds: Selected countries, 1992
Table 402.Reading literacy test scores of 14-year-olds: Selected countries, 1992
Table 403.Number of bachelor's degree recipients per 100 persons of the theoretical age of graduation, by sex: Selected countries, 1989 to 1992
Table 404.Percent of undergraduate degrees awarded in science: Selected countries, 1985, 1990, and 1991
Table 405.Percent of graduate degrees awarded in science: Selected countries, 1985, 1990, and 1991
Table 406.Public education expenditures per student, by level of student: Selected countries, 1985, to 1992
Table 407.Public expenditures for education as a percentage of gross domestic product: Selected countries, 1985 to 1992
Table 408.Foreign students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States and outlying areas, by continent, region, and selected countries of origin: 1980-81 to 1994-95
 Chapter 7.  Learning Resources and Technology
Libraries
Table 409.Selected statistics on public and private school libraries/media centers, by level and size of school: 1990-91
Table 410.Percent of public schools having access to selected telecommunication capabilities, by location of access site and level of school: 1994 and 1995
Table 411.Percent of public schools and school classrooms having access to the interned, by school characteristics: 1994 and 1995
Table 412.General statistics of college and university libraries: 1974-75 to 1991-92
Table 413.Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of 50 large college and university libraries: 1988
Table 414.General statistics of public libraries, by population of legal service area: 1993
Table 415.Public libraries, books and serial volumes, annual attendance, and reference transactions, by state: 1993

Computers and Technology
Table 416.Percent of workers, 18 years old and over, using computers on the job, by selected characteristics and computer activities: October 1993
Table 417.Access to and use of home computers, by selected characteristics of students and other users: October 1993
Table 418.Student use of computers, by level of instruction and selected characteristics: October 1984, 1989, and 1993

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