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Table 376 | Summary of federal funds for research, development, and R & D plant: Fiscal years 1991 to 1999 [In millions of current dollars] |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Actual | Estimate |____________________________________________________________________________|________________________________ Item | | | | | | | | | | Percent | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | change, | | | | | | | | | | 1998 to | | | | | | | | | | 1999 _____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 _____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Total outlays for research, development, and | | | | | | | | | | R & D plant ...............................................|$64,292.3 |$65,719.0 |$68,385.8 |$68,335.9 |$68,410.0 |$67,756.1 |$70,892.0 |$71,780.3 |$73,150.4 | 1.9 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Research and development .................................| 61,130.4 | 62,934.5 | 65,241.3 | 66,158.8 | 66,374.6 | 65,909.9 | 68,897.2 | 69,849.2 | 71,111.5 | 1.8 R & D plant ..............................................| 3,162.0 | 2,784.5 | 3,144.5 | 2,177.1 | 2,035.4 | 1,846.2 | 1,994.8 | 1,931.1 | 2,038.9 | 5.6 |==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|========== Total obligations for research, development, and | | | | | | | | | | R & D plant ...............................................| 64,990.5 | 68,577.2 | 70,414.7 | 69,427.0 | 71,011.8 | 69,408.7 | 71,744.7 | 74,202.8 | 75,330.5 | 1.5 |==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|==========|========== Research and development obligations ......................| 61,295.2 | 65,592.6 | 67,314.0 | 67,255.8 | 68,754.9 | 67,662.6 | 69,829.9 | 72,114.1 | 73,333.2 | 1.7 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ..................................| 15,238.1 | 15,690.1 | 16,556.2 | 16,139.1 | 17,342.7 | 16,596.4 | 16,720.0 | 17,097.6 | 17,463.3 | 2.1 Industrial firms .......................................| 26,420.6 | 29,744.8 | 30,326.1 | 30,454.4 | 30,468.7 | 30,361.4 | 31,418.0 | 32,313.4 | 31,830.5 | -1.5 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .............| 2,068.3 | 2,009.8 | 1,451.3 | 1,293.5 | 1,203.9 | 1,137.0 | 1,128.2 | 1,226.6 | 1,326.3 | 8.1 Universities and colleges ..............................| 10,168.5 | 10,271.2 | 11,156.1 | 11,828.7 | 11,933.0 | 11,944.7 | 12,561.1 | 13,273.2 | 14,170.5 | 6.8 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ....| 3,603.8 | 3,855.5 | 3,666.5 | 3,292.9 | 3,574.3 | 3,447.7 | 3,701.1 | 3,570.6 | 3,894.4 | 9.1 Other nonprofit institutions ...........................| 2,637.4 | 2,803.6 | 2,811.9 | 2,929.6 | 2,806.5 | 2,886.9 | 2,962.1 | 3,256.9 | 3,245.0 | -0.4 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .......| 679.4 | 745.6 | 753.4 | 735.5 | 831.4 | 754.5 | 821.0 | 817.2 | 841.5 | 3.0 State and local governments ............................| 215.1 | 184.1 | 320.3 | 325.4 | 316.5 | 246.7 | 261.1 | 310.3 | 328.1 | 5.7 Foreign ................................................| 263.9 | 287.9 | 272.2 | 256.6 | 277.8 | 287.4 | 257.5 | 248.1 | 233.6 | -5.9 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Research obligations ....................................| 23,968.4 | 24,490.6 | 26,890.5 | 27,440.4 | 28,573.4 | 28,265.1 | 29,365.6 | 31,470.5 | 32,992.4 | 4.8 Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ................................| 6,539.3 | 6,615.7 | 7,360.1 | 7,488.2 | 7,787.8 | 7,528.2 | 7,667.2 | 8,250.6 | 8,610.9 | 4.4 Industrial firms .....................................| 3,406.5 | 3,451.2 | 4,018.9 | 4,063.5 | 4,727.9 | 4,291.3 | 4,392.1 | 5,004.4 | 4,785.8 | -4.4 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms ...........| 624.6 | 592.4 | 795.8 | 737.2 | 818.0 | 696.2 | 759.6 | 803.7 | 849.6 | 5.7 Universities and colleges ............................| 8,867.5 | 9,060.7 | 9,844.1 | 10,323.5 | 10,371.6 | 10,673.7 | 11,173.2 | 11,815.1 | 12,721.2 | 7.7 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ..| 2,160.9 | 2,351.8 | 2,347.6 | 2,181.1 | 2,235.6 | 2,386.0 | 2,598.9 | 2,665.3 | 2,955.0 | 10.9 Other nonprofit institutions .........................| 1,925.9 | 2,049.6 | 2,041.3 | 2,094.9 | 2,056.1 | 2,179.5 | 2,294.9 | 2,426.2 | 2,559.9 | 5.5 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .....| 170.9 | 139.9 | 173.4 | 178.0 | 210.1 | 195.8 | 217.5 | 217.4 | 207.5 | -4.6 State and local governments ..........................| 129.3 | 109.3 | 211.8 | 230.8 | 221.4 | 187.4 | 144.0 | 168.8 | 184.3 | 9.2 Foreign ..............................................| 143.4 | 120.0 | 97.4 | 143.3 | 144.8 | 126.8 | 118.1 | 119.0 | 118.3 | -0.6 | | | | | | | | | | Fields of science | | | | | | | | | | Life sciences ........................................| 9,622.0 | 9,910.5 | 10,772.1 | 11,078.8 | 11,979.0 | 12,099.7 | 12,661.3 | 13,620.8 | 14,386.4 | 5.6 Psychology ...........................................| 482.4 | 298.1 | 550.7 | 550.2 | 653.6 | 513.0 | 545.4 | 578.0 | 612.4 | 6.0 Physical sciences ....................................| 4,235.3 | 4,439.2 | 4,427.0 | 6,792.7 | 4,851.2 | 3,964.4 | 4,148.7 | 4,335.0 | 4,577.9 | 5.6 Environmental sciences ...............................| 2,149.8 | 2,207.6 | 2,608.5 | 2,032.0 | 2,722.9 | 2,997.0 | 3,045.7 | 3,287.6 | 3,261.0 | -0.8 Mathematics and computer sciences ....................| 903.7 | 1,150.3 | 1,225.4 | 1,242.3 | 1,667.9 | 1,554.1 | 1,671.8 | 1,830.9 | 2,254.9 | 23.2 Engineering ..........................................| 4,944.5 | 4,977.0 | 5,499.4 | 4,023.3 | 4,952.7 | 5,679.6 | 5,690.3 | 6,090.0 | 6,023.0 | -1.1 Social sciences ......................................| 727.3 | 689.7 | 674.9 | 655.0 | 682.9 | 674.2 | 696.3 | 823.7 | 883.0 | 7.2 Other sciences .......................................| 903.4 | 806.3 | 1,132.5 | 1,066.1 | 1,063.2 | 783.0 | 906.1 | 904.4 | 993.8 | 9.9 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Basic research obligations ............................| 12,170.8 | 12,489.9 | 13,399.1 | 13,552.9 | 13,895.5 | 14,462.4 | 14,942.2 | 15,861.5 | 16,913.8 | 6.6 Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ..............................| 2,446.5 | 2,397.0 | 2,605.1 | 2,505.0 | 2,712.9 | 2,689.2 | 2,688.6 | 2,872.2 | 3,063.7 | 6.7 Industrial firms ...................................| 949.9 | 920.3 | 959.2 | 1,109.1 | 1,221.2 | 1,131.0 | 1,166.7 | 1,373.9 | 1,279.1 | -6.9 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .........| 209.1 | 187.8 | 237.3 | 237.6 | 239.1 | 272.8 | 294.7 | 324.0 | 335.6 | 3.6 Universities and colleges ..........................| 6,064.5 | 6,331.8 | 6,798.5 | 7,024.2 | 6,951.3 | 7,406.1 | 7,695.8 | 8,067.0 | 8,763.0 | 8.6 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges | 1,306.2 | 1,394.1 | 1,437.8 | 1,336.0 | 1,438.3 | 1,522.0 | 1,600.0 | 1,584.5 | 1,754.9 | 10.8 Other nonprofit institutions .......................| 1,015.5 | 1,097.2 | 1,164.9 | 1,125.7 | 1,134.2 | 1,235.2 | 1,289.6 | 1,400.6 | 1,476.2 | 5.4 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions ...| 80.8 | 65.5 | 71.3 | 73.9 | 75.2 | 76.5 | 88.4 | 113.2 | 105.3 | -6.9 State and local governments ........................| 49.1 | 42.4 | 71.7 | 75.2 | 78.7 | 80.2 | 68.4 | 72.7 | 80.6 | 10.7 Foreign ............................................| 49.1 | 53.8 | 53.3 | 66.1 | 44.5 | 49.5 | 49.9 | 53.4 | 55.5 | 3.8 | | | | | | | | | | Fields of science | | | | | | | | | | Life sciences ......................................| 5,433.6 | 5,841.7 | 6,288.8 | 6,429.8 | 6,746.7 | 6,911.0 | 7,203.8 | 7,687.6 | 8,322.2 | 8.3 Psychology .........................................| 225.5 | 122.6 | 246.8 | 247.4 | 279.8 | 281.5 | 293.9 | 303.9 | 332.3 | 9.3 Physical sciences ..................................| 2,881.5 | 2,951.4 | 2,907.1 | 3,649.2 | 2,709.3 | 2,901.7 | 2,976.4 | 3,126.6 | 3,304.9 | 5.7 Environmental sciences .............................| 1,263.5 | 1,303.6 | 1,533.5 | 997.2 | 1,410.7 | 1,531.2 | 1,543.5 | 1,640.9 | 1,675.5 | 2.1 Mathematics and computer sciences ..................| 426.1 | 481.4 | 511.3 | 503.6 | 626.1 | 622.0 | 661.4 | 699.8 | 786.7 | 12.4 Engineering ........................................| 1,233.7 | 1,249.8 | 1,207.4 | 1,061.7 | 1,432.2 | 1,606.6 | 1,583.0 | 1,696.4 | 1,712.8 | 1.0 Social sciences ....................................| 161.4 | 139.9 | 194.1 | 191.7 | 210.8 | 230.0 | 221.0 | 238.5 | 265.8 | 11.4 Other sciences .....................................| 545.6 | 399.4 | 510.1 | 472.4 | 479.9 | 378.3 | 459.3 | 467.8 | 513.7 | 9.8 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Applied research obligations ..........................| 11,797.6 | 12,000.7 | 13,491.4 | 13,887.5 | 14,677.9 | 13,802.7 | 14,423.4 | 15,609.0 | 16,078.6 | 3.0 Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ..............................| 4,092.8 | 4,218.7 | 4,755.0 | 4,983.2 | 5,074.9 | 4,839.0 | 4,978.7 | 5,378.4 | 5,547.2 | 3.1 Industrial firms ...................................| 2,456.6 | 2,530.9 | 3,059.7 | 2,954.4 | 3,506.7 | 3,160.3 | 3,225.5 | 3,630.5 | 3,506.7 | -3.4 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .........| 415.5 | 404.6 | 558.6 | 499.6 | 578.9 | 423.4 | 464.9 | 479.8 | 514.0 | 7.1 Universities and colleges ..........................| 2,803.0 | 2,728.9 | 3,045.5 | 3,299.3 | 3,420.3 | 3,267.6 | 3,477.4 | 3,748.1 | 3,958.1 | 5.6 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges | 854.7 | 957.6 | 909.8 | 845.1 | 797.3 | 864.0 | 998.8 | 1,080.8 | 1,200.1 | 11.0 Other nonprofit institutions .......................| 910.4 | 952.5 | 876.4 | 969.2 | 921.9 | 944.3 | 1,005.3 | 1,025.6 | 1,083.7 | 5.7 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions ...| 90.1 | 74.5 | 102.2 | 104.0 | 134.9 | 119.4 | 129.2 | 104.2 | 102.2 | -2.0 State and local governments ........................| 80.2 | 66.9 | 140.1 | 155.5 | 142.7 | 107.3 | 75.5 | 96.1 | 103.8 | 8.0 Foreign ............................................| 94.3 | 66.2 | 44.1 | 77.2 | 100.3 | 77.4 | 68.2 | 65.5 | 62.8 | -4.1 | | | | | | | | | | Fields of science | | | | | | | | | | Life sciences ......................................| 4,188.4 | 4,068.8 | 4,483.3 | 4,649.0 | 5,232.3 | 5,188.7 | 5,457.6 | 5,933.2 | 6,064.2 | 2.2 Psychology .........................................| 258.9 | 175.6 | 303.9 | 302.9 | 373.9 | 231.5 | 251.5 | 274.1 | 280.1 | 2.2 Physical sciences ..................................| 1,353.9 | 1,467.7 | 1,519.8 | 3,143.5 | 2,141.9 | 1,062.7 | 1,172.4 | 1,208.4 | 1,273.0 | 5.3 Environmental sciences .............................| 886.3 | 904.0 | 1,075.0 | 1,034.8 | 1,312.3 | 1,465.8 | 1,502.2 | 1,646.7 | 1,585.5 | -3.7 Mathematics and computer sciences ..................| 477.6 | 678.9 | 714.1 | 738.7 | 1,041.7 | 932.1 | 1,010.5 | 1,131.1 | 1,468.3 | 29.8 Engineering ........................................| 3,710.8 | 3,727.1 | 4,292.0 | 2,961.6 | 3,520.5 | 4,073.0 | 4,107.3 | 4,393.6 | 4,310.2 | -1.9 Social sciences ....................................| 566.0 | 549.8 | 480.8 | 463.3 | 472.0 | 444.2 | 475.3 | 585.2 | 617.2 | 5.5 Other sciences .....................................| 357.8 | 406.8 | 622.4 | 593.8 | 583.3 | 404.7 | 446.8 | 436.6 | 480.2 | 10.0 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ Development obligations .................................| 37,326.8 | 41,102.0 | 40,423.5 | 39,815.4 | 40,181.4 | 39,397.5 | 40,464.3 | 40,643.6 | 40,340.8 | -0.7 Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ................................| 8,698.8 | 9,074.4 | 9,196.2 | 8,650.9 | 9,554.9 | 9,068.1 | 9,052.7 | 8,847.1 | 8,852.3 | 0.1 Industrial firms .....................................| 23,014.1 | 26,293.6 | 26,307.2 | 26,390.9 | 25,740.7 | 26,070.1 | 27,025.8 | 27,309.0 | 27,044.7 | -1.0 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms ...........| 1,443.7 | 1,417.4 | 655.5 | 556.3 | 385.9 | 440.7 | 368.6 | 422.9 | 476.7 | 12.7 Universities and colleges ............................| 1,301.0 | 1,210.6 | 1,312.0 | 1,505.2 | 1,561.4 | 1,271.0 | 1,387.9 | 1,458.1 | 1,449.4 | -0.6 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ..| 1,442.9 | 1,503.7 | 1,318.9 | 1,111.8 | 1,338.7 | 1,061.6 | 1,102.1 | 905.3 | 939.4 | 3.8 Other nonprofit institutions .........................| 711.5 | 753.9 | 770.6 | 834.8 | 750.4 | 707.4 | 667.2 | 830.7 | 685.1 | -17.5 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .....| 508.5 | 605.7 | 580.0 | 557.6 | 621.3 | 558.7 | 603.4 | 599.8 | 634.1 | 5.7 State and local governments ..........................| 85.8 | 74.8 | 108.5 | 94.7 | 95.1 | 59.3 | 117.1 | 141.5 | 143.8 | 1.6 Foreign ..............................................| 120.5 | 167.9 | 174.8 | 113.3 | 133.0 | 160.5 | 139.3 | 129.2 | 115.3 | -10.7 |__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ R & D plant obligations ...................................| 3,695.4 | 2,984.6 | 3,100.7 | 2,171.2 | 2,256.9 | 1,746.1 | 1,914.8 | 2,088.8 | 1,997.3 | -4.4 Performers | | | | | | | | | | Federal intramural\1\ ..................................| 461.1 | 506.2 | 432.0 | 392.6 | 482.6 | 405.1 | 608.3 | 819.8 | 582.3 | -29.0 Industrial firms .......................................| 1,889.2 | 1,014.4 | 1,048.2 | 746.8 | 696.6 | 465.4 | 389.8 | 381.5 | 369.8 | -3.1 FFRDCs\2\ administered by industrial firms .............| 279.6 | 202.2 | 124.4 | 119.4 | 95.1 | 43.9 | 60.5 | 36.6 | 196.8 | 437.5 Universities and colleges ..............................| 253.3 | 241.5 | 361.4 | 209.0 | 323.8 | 243.1 | 238.6 | 180.1 | 173.1 | -3.9 FFRDCs\2\ administered by universities and colleges ....| 624.6 | 579.5 | 619.5 | 608.8 | 543.9 | 497.8 | 548.8 | 634.8 | 643.4 | 1.4 Other nonprofit institutions ...........................| 154.6 | 393.9 | 415.6 | 20.9 | 25.6 | 23.4 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 15.8 | -3.8 FFRDCs\2\ administered by nonprofit institutions .......| 19.7 | 46.3 | 65.5 | 72.9 | 62.6 | 66.1 | 52.0 | 19.5 | 15.9 | -18.3 State and local governments ............................| 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- Foreign ................................................| 12.8 | 0.0 | 33.4 | 0.2 | 26.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 _____________________________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ |
\1\Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance.
\2\Federally funded research and development centers. ---Data not available or not applicable. NOTE.--Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, various years. (This table was prepared June 1999.) |