|
Read to1
|
|
Told a story
|
|
Taught letters, words, or numbers
|
|
Taught songs or music
|
Child or family characteristic |
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
1993 |
2005 |
|
Total |
78.3 |
85.7 |
|
43.0 |
53.7 |
|
57.7 |
76.6 |
|
41.0 |
54.4 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
79.4 |
86.4 |
|
46.4 |
54.5 |
|
57.2 |
75.5 |
|
45.0 |
60.9 |
4 |
77.8 |
84.7 |
|
41.2 |
52.8 |
|
58.1 |
76.8 |
|
38.9 |
49.7 |
5 |
75.9 |
86.5 |
|
35.8 |
54.6 |
|
57.9 |
80.0 |
|
33.1 |
47.1 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
77.4 |
84.7 |
|
42.6 |
53.2 |
|
57.7 |
75.5 |
|
38.3 |
50.7 |
Female |
79.2 |
86.8 |
|
43.4 |
54.3 |
|
57.7 |
77.8 |
|
43.8 |
58.4 |
Race/ethnicity2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White |
84.8 |
91.9 |
|
44.3 |
53.3 |
|
57.2 |
75.7 |
|
40.2 |
52.1 |
Black |
65.9 |
78.5 |
|
39.0 |
54.3 |
|
62.7 |
80.6 |
|
48.9 |
56.4 |
Hispanic |
58.2 |
71.8 |
|
37.7 |
49.8 |
|
53.9 |
74.3 |
|
38.7 |
59.1 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
68.8 |
84.4 |
|
52.1 |
64.5 |
|
61.8 |
75.2 |
|
35.9 |
46.9 |
Parents’ primary home language |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Both parents speak English |
81.1 |
88.8 |
|
43.6 |
55.0 |
|
58.1 |
77.8 |
|
41.6 |
54.4 |
One parent speaks English |
65.1 |
76.4 |
|
48.7 |
56.3 |
|
57.0 |
70.8 |
|
35.2 |
61.9 |
Neither parent speaks English |
40.3 |
64.6 |
|
33.0 |
43.8 |
|
51.6 |
68.9 |
|
32.9 |
53.0 |
Parents’ education3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
54.4 |
62.7 |
|
34.1 |
42.6 |
|
54.6 |
67.8 |
|
37.3 |
49.0 |
High school diploma or equivalent |
73.0 |
79.9 |
|
40.5 |
46.9 |
|
57.9 |
76.8 |
|
42.6 |
56.7 |
Some college, including vocational/technical |
81.8 |
86.4 |
|
42.4 |
56.5 |
|
58.3 |
79.7 |
|
41.3 |
56.9 |
Bachelor’s degree |
88.9 |
92.2 |
|
47.7 |
56.4 |
|
57.3 |
75.8 |
|
36.7 |
53.8 |
Graduate/professional degree |
88.5 |
94.4 |
|
52.0 |
60.7 |
|
58.2 |
76.1 |
|
42.7 |
50.1 |
Mother’s employment4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 hours or more per week |
77.9 |
83.2 |
|
42.7 |
52.0 |
|
55.7 |
74.7 |
|
41.9 |
54.8 |
Less than 35 hours per week |
81.5 |
89.3 |
|
45.0 |
54.1 |
|
57.7 |
78.8 |
|
40.2 |
50.5 |
Looking for work |
70.9 |
89.4 |
|
42.9 |
57.6 |
|
65.8 |
81.0 |
|
49.2 |
54.5 |
Not in the labor force |
78.9 |
85.1 |
|
42.5 |
54.9 |
|
58.3 |
76.4 |
|
40.0 |
56.4 |
Family type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two-parent household |
81.1 |
86.5 |
|
43.8 |
53.4 |
|
57.1 |
76.1 |
|
39.9 |
53.6 |
One-parent or guardian-only household |
70.8 |
82.8 |
|
40.7 |
54.9 |
|
59.1 |
78.3 |
|
43.9 |
57.2 |
Poverty status5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor |
67.5 |
78.4 |
|
39.1 |
50.8 |
|
59.6 |
76.0 |
|
45.2 |
53.7 |
Near-poor |
75.5 |
82.4 |
|
42.5 |
53.6 |
|
58.1 |
78.0 |
|
39.4 |
59.2 |
Nonpoor |
86.8 |
90.2 |
|
45.6 |
55.0 |
|
56.2 |
76.2 |
|
39.5 |
52.5 |
Number of children under age 18 in the home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
80.9 |
85.8 |
|
45.9 |
56.5 |
|
65.0 |
77.8 |
|
44.0 |
56.5 |
2–3 |
78.7 |
85.9 |
|
43.1 |
53.0 |
|
55.8 |
76.8 |
|
39.7 |
52.8 |
4 or more |
72.4 |
84.6 |
|
38.3 |
53.8 |
|
56.8 |
74.1 |
|
43.3 |
60.0 |
|
1In 1993, respondents were asked about their reading frequency in one of the two versions of the survey questionnaire. The percentages presented in the table are for all of the respondents who answered three or more times on either version of the questionnaire.
|
2Black includes African American, Hispanic includes Latino, and Pacific Islander includes Native Hawaiian. Race categories exclude Hispanic origin unless specified. Other race/ethnicities are included in the total but are not shown separately.
|
3Parents’ education is based on the highest level of education attained by either parent.
|
4Estimates do not include children without mothers (birth, adoptive, step, or foster) residing in the household.
|
5“Poor” is defined to include those families below the poverty threshold; “near-poor” is defined as 100–199 percent of the poverty threshold; and “nonpoor” is defined as 200 percent or more than the poverty threshold. See supplemental note 1 for more information on poverty.
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Readiness Survey of the 1993 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) and Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the 2005 NHES, previously unpublished tabulation (October 2005).
|