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Chemical Sampling Information: |
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| Warfarin |
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General Description
Synonyms: 3-(alpha-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin; 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl butyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; WARF; Coumadin; D-con
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2586
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 81-81-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: GN4550000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Warfarin: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 100 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Hematuria; back pain; hematoma in arms, legs; epistaxis, bleeding lips; mucous membrane hemorrhage; abdominal pain, vomiting, fecal blood; petechial rash; abnormal hematology; pallor.
Health Effects: Cumulative anticoagulant effect---Bleeding disorders, hemorrhagic shock (HE3); suspect teratogen (HE5)
Affected organs: Blood, cardiovascular system
Notes: 1) In addition to its use as a rodenticide, warfarin is used as an anticoagulant drug, which interferes with the vitamin K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S, in the liver. 2) The S-enantiomer of warfarin is 7-hydroxylated by the liver enzyme CYP2C9, which displays genetic polymorphism that occurs with greater frequency in Caucasians than in Asians or African-Americans.
Date Last Revised: 08/19/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Warfarin.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Warfarin.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Warfarin. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2337-2339.
- Wittkowsky, A.K.: Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. Semin. Vasc. Med. 3(3): 221-230, 2003.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Polytetrafluoroethylene (FA) filter 1.0 micron
maximum volume: 1,000 Liters maximum flow rate: 3.0 L/min
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 5002)
method classification: Partially Validated
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
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