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Chemical Sampling Information: |
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| Zinc Chloride Fume |
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General Description
Synonyms: Zinc Chloride; Zinc dichloride fume
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2611
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7646-85-7
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: ZH1400000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2331 154
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Zinc Chloride Fume: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 1 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 1 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 1 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 1 mg/m3 TWA; 2 mg/m3 STEL
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 1 mg/m3 TWA; 2 mg/m3 STEL
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 50 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat; conjunctivitis; cough, copious sputum; dyspnea, chest pain, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); pneumonitis; pulmonary fibrosis; cor pulmonale; headache, sore throat, fever; cyanosis; tachypnea; skin burns, pain, redness; eye pain, redness, severe deep burns.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Acute lung damage---Acute respiratory distress syndrome (HE11); Mutagen (HE2).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system
Notes: 1) Zinc chloride fume is generated during ignition of smoke bombs containing zinc oxide, hexachloroethane, calcium silicate, as well as some minor components. In an aqueous environment, zinc chloride, in turn, also generates other corrosive chemicals, hydrochloric acid and zinc oxychloride. 2) As an essential element, zinc is a cofactor for over 200 biologically important enzymes and has a recommended daily adult allowance of 15 mg. 3) Zinc chloride is listed by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe nutrient when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice (21 CFR 182.8985)
Date Last Revised: 08/26/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Zinc Chloride Fume.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Zinc chloride.
- Barceloux, D.G.: Zinc. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 37(2): 279-292, 1999.
- Pettilä, V., Takkunen, O. and Tukiainen, P.: Zinc chloride smoke inhalation: a rare cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 26(2): 215-217, 2000.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Zinc chloride. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2354-2356.
- Zerahn, B., et al.: Pulmonary damage after modest exposure to zinc chloride smoke. Respir. Med. 93(12): 885-890, 1999.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
analytical solvent: Deionized Water
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 30 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (STEL)
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-121)
method classification: Validated
note: If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period. Analytical method does not distinguish between dust and fume. When analysis of a compound is requested, an elemental analysis is performed and reported as the compound. Analysis is for water soluble compounds and reported as ZnCl2.
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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