Table 1.2.—Research and Development Expenditures, Investment, and Stock by Performer in Constant Dollars

	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962
Research and development expenditures, total	27,688	29,475	31,330	39,496	44,736	47,208	52,134	55,697	57,529	60,365
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	270,200	299,675	331,005	370,501	415,237	462,445	514,579	570,276	627,805	688,170
Change in research and development inventories	7,873	1,787	1,855	8,166	5,240	2,472	4,926	3,563	1,832	2,836
Research and development fixed investment	19,815	27,688	29,475	31,330	39,496	44,736	47,208	52,134	55,697	57,529
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	21,448	23,744	26,250	28,858
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	390,712	432,582	477,102	522,415
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	249,314	277,704	307,151	335,822
Private research and development expenditures	18,456	20,398	22,708	30,732	35,382	37,553	41,598	44,373	45,517	47,140
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	170,843	191,241	213,949	244,681	280,063	317,616	359,214	403,587	449,104	496,244
Change in research and development inventories	5,095	1,942	2,310	8,024	4,650	2,171	4,045	2,775	1,144	1,623
Research and development fixed investment	13,361	18,456	20,398	22,708	30,732	35,382	37,553	41,598	44,373	45,517
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	14,760	16,725	18,862	21,079
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	270,720	306,128	343,739	381,931
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	180,799	205,672	231,183	255,621
Government research and development expenditures	9,232	9,077	8,622	8,764	9,354	9,655	10,536	11,324	12,012	13,225
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	99,357	108,434	117,056	125,820	135,174	144,829	155,365	166,689	178,701	191,926
Change in research and development inventories	2,778	-155	-455	142	590	301	881	788	688	1,213
Research and development fixed investment	6,454	9,232	9,077	8,622	8,764	9,354	9,655	10,536	11,324	12,012
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6,688	7,019	7,388	7,779
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	119,992	126,454	133,363	140,484
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	68,515	72,032	75,968	80,201
Addenda:
Average age, in years, of R&D gross fixed intangible capital	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6.6	6.5	6.5	6.5
Private	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.0
Government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	7.9	7.9	8.0	8.0
Government and business net fixed reproducible tangible capital/2/	3,702,100	3,845,700	4,007,200	4,155,900	4,299,300	4,430,200	4,593,500	4,749,000	4,905,900	5,079,800
	1963	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972
Research and development expenditures	65,886	70,504	73,327	77,442	79,113	79,854	79,733	75,668	73,344	73,970
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	754,056	824,560	897,887	975,329	1,054,442	1,134,296	1,214,029	1,289,697	1,363,041	1,437,011
Change in research and development inventories	5,521	4,618	2,823	4,115	1,671	741	-121	-4,065	-2,324	626
Research and development fixed investment	60,365	65,886	70,504	73,327	77,442	79,113	79,854	79,733	75,668	73,344
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	31,547	34,423	37,527	40,765	44,085	47,461	50,800	54,020	56,941	59,493
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	569,675	621,255	676,436	732,803	791,295	850,214	908,392	964,142	1,013,144	1,057,120
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	364,640	396,103	429,080	461,642	494,999	526,651	555,705	581,418	600,145	613,996
Private research and development expenditures	50,916	53,811	55,441	58,774	59,774	60,737	60,529	56,987	54,794	55,451
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	547,160	600,971	656,412	715,186	774,960	835,697	896,226	953,213	1,008,007	1,063,458
Change in research and development inventories	3,776	2,895	1,630	3,333	1,000	963	-208	-3,542	-2,193	657
Research and development fixed investment	47,140	50,916	53,811	55,441	58,774	59,774	60,737	60,529	56,987	54,794
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	23,341	25,717	28,233	30,817	33,459	36,132	38,758	41,278	43,534	45,465
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	421,181	463,341	507,677	552,534	599,413	645,964	691,943	735,650	773,498	806,818
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	279,420	304,619	330,197	354,821	380,136	403,778	425,757	445,008	458,461	467,790
Government research and development expenditures	14,970	16,693	17,886	18,668	19,339	19,117	19,204	18,681	18,550	18,519
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	206,896	223,589	241,475	260,143	279,482	298,599	317,803	336,484	355,034	373,553
Change in research and development inventories	1,745	1,723	1,193	782	671	-222	87	-523	-131	-31
Research and development fixed investment	13,225	14,970	16,693	17,886	18,668	19,339	19,117	19,204	18,681	18,550
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	8,206	8,706	9,294	9,948	10,626	11,329	12,042	12,742	13,407	14,028
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	148,494	157,914	168,759	180,269	191,882	204,250	216,449	228,492	239,646	250,302
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	85,220	91,484	98,883	106,821	114,863	122,873	129,948	136,410	141,684	146,206
Addenda:
Average age, in years, of R&D gross fixed intangible capital	6.5	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.2	7.4	7.6
Private	6.0	6.1	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.7	6.9	7.1	7.3	7.6
Government	7.9	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.6
Government and business net fixed reproducible tangible capital/2/	5,271,700	5,478,000	5,720,200	5,978,100	6,217,200	6,478,400	6,736,100	6,957,700	7,187,800	7,434,400
	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982
Research and development expenditures	74,773	74,530	72,922	75,476	77,932	81,067	85,503	89,660	94,747	99,312
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	1,511,784	1,586,314	1,659,236	1,734,712	1,812,644	1,893,711	1,979,214	2,068,874	2,163,621	2,262,933
Change in research and development inventories	803	-243	-1,608	2,554	2,456	3,135	4,436	4,157	5,087	4,565
Research and development fixed investment	73,970	74,773	74,530	72,922	75,476	77,932	81,067	85,503	89,660	94,747
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	61,804	63,954	65,915	67,602	69,092	70,514	71,888	73,286	74,758	76,345
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	1,098,707	1,137,821	1,173,343	1,203,353	1,232,252	1,259,927	1,286,892	1,314,738	1,343,574	1,374,495
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	626,162	636,981	645,596	650,916	657,300	664,718	673,897	686,114	701,016	719,418
Private research and development expenditures	56,262	56,084	54,516	56,896	59,352	61,864	65,704	69,938	74,906	79,189
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	1,119,720	1,175,804	1,230,320	1,287,216	1,346,568	1,408,432	1,474,136	1,544,074	1,618,980	1,698,169
Change in research and development inventories	811	-178	-1,568	2,380	2,456	2,512	3,840	4,234	4,968	4,283
Research and development fixed investment	55,451	56,262	56,084	54,516	56,896	59,352	61,864	65,704	69,938	74,906
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	47,190	48,787	50,233	51,454	52,521	53,560	54,581	55,636	56,796	58,112
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	838,230	867,638	894,101	915,897	937,072	957,757	977,862	999,069	1,022,102	1,047,870
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	476,051	483,526	489,377	492,439	496,814	502,606	509,889	519,957	533,099	549,893
Government research and development expenditures	18,511	18,446	18,406	18,580	18,580	19,203	19,799	19,722	19,841	20,123
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	392,064	410,510	428,916	447,496	466,076	485,279	505,078	524,800	544,641	564,764
Change in research and development inventories	-8	-65	-40	174	0	623	596	-77	119	282
Research and development fixed investment	18,519	18,511	18,446	18,406	18,580	18,580	19,203	19,799	19,722	19,841
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	14,614	15,167	15,682	16,148	16,571	16,954	17,307	17,650	17,962	18,233
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	260,477	270,183	279,242	287,456	295,180	302,170	309,030	315,669	321,472	326,625
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	150,111	153,455	156,219	158,477	160,486	162,112	164,008	166,157	167,917	169,525
Addenda:
Average age, in years, of R&D gross fixed intangible capital	7.8	8.0	8.3	8.5	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.9	9.0	9.0
Private	7.8	8.1	8.3	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.9	9.0	9.0	8.9
Government	7.8	7.9	8.1	8.3	8.4	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.9	9.0
Government and business net fixed reproducible tangible capital/2/	7,715,000	7,944,800	8,099,500	8,277,200	8,511,100	8,791,700	9,088,600	9,320,700	9,532,000	9,665,800
	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992
Research and development expenditures	104,707	113,433	121,871	124,769	127,390	130,427	132,253	136,493	140,435	141,410
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	2,367,640	2,481,073	2,602,944	2,727,713	2,855,103	2,985,530	3,117,783	3,254,276	3,394,711	3,536,121
Change in research and development inventories	5,395	8,726	8,438	2,898	2,621	3,037	1,826	4,240	3,942	975
Research and development fixed investment	99,312	104,707	113,433	121,871	124,769	127,390	130,427	132,253	136,493	140,435
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	78,080	80,004	82,266	84,962	87,923	90,991	94,179	97,463	100,868	104,450
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	1,407,407	1,443,719	1,486,946	1,536,885	1,588,302	1,641,320	1,696,480	1,752,683	1,812,302	1,874,989
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	740,650	765,353	796,520	833,429	870,275	906,674	942,922	977,712	1,013,337	1,049,322
Private research and development expenditures	83,704	91,444	98,881	100,935	103,336	105,700	106,732	110,545	114,508	115,186
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	1,781,873	1,873,317	1,972,198	2,073,133	2,176,469	2,282,169	2,388,901	2,499,446	2,613,954	2,729,140
Change in research and development inventories	4,515	7,740	7,437	2,054	2,401	2,364	1,032	3,813	3,963	678
Research and development fixed investment	79,189	83,704	91,444	98,881	100,935	103,336	105,700	106,732	110,545	114,508
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	59,603	61,283	63,275	65,668	68,295	71,016	73,845	76,736	79,720	82,877
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	1,076,064	1,107,406	1,145,278	1,189,429	1,234,684	1,281,684	1,330,414	1,379,599	1,431,891	1,487,428
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	569,479	591,900	620,069	653,282	685,922	718,242	750,097	780,093	810,918	842,549
Government research and development expenditures	21,003	21,989	22,990	23,834	24,054	24,727	25,521	25,948	25,927	26,224
Cumulative research and development expenditures/1/	585,767	607,756	630,746	654,580	678,634	703,361	728,882	754,830	780,757	806,981
Change in research and development inventories	880	986	1,001	844	220	673	794	427	-21	297
Research and development fixed investment	20,123	21,003	21,989	22,990	23,834	24,054	24,727	25,521	25,948	25,927
Consumption of research and development fixed intangible capital	18,477	18,721	18,991	19,294	19,628	19,975	20,334	20,727	21,148	21,573
Gross stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	331,343	336,313	341,668	347,456	353,618	359,636	366,066	373,084	380,411	387,561
Net stock of research and development fixed intangible capital	171,171	173,453	176,451	180,147	184,353	188,432	192,825	197,619	202,419	206,773
Addenda:
Average age, in years, of R&D gross fixed intangible capital	8.9	8.9	8.8	8.6	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.2
Private	8.9	8.8	8.7	8.5	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.1
Government	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.0	9.0	8.9	8.8	8.8
Government and business net fixed reproducible tangible capital/2/	9,833,800	10,088,700	10,381,100	10,666,800	10,937,900	11,203,700	11,462,000	11,696,700	11,856,200	12,019,600

n.a. Not available.

1. Cumulative since 1929.

2. Business fixed reproducible tangible capital includes capital owned by nonprofit institutions.