Definitions
Anchored bridging means that the steel joist bridging is connected to
a bridging terminus point.
Bolted diagonal bridging means diagonal bridging that is bolted to a
steel joist or joists.
Bridging clip means a device that is attached to the steel joist to
allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist.
Bridging terminus point means a wall,
beam, tandem joists (with all
bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord), or
other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that
provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging.
Choker means a wire rope or synthetic fiber rigging assembly
used to attach a load to a hoisting device.
Cold forming means the process of using press brakes, rolls, or other
methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature.
Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the
primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not include posts.
Competent person (also defined in
1926.32) means one who is capable
of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working
conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who
has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Connector means an employee who, working with hoisting equipment, is
placing and connecting structural members and/or components.
Constructibility means the ability to erect structural steel members
in accordance with Subpart R without having to alter the overall structural
design.
Construction load (for joist erection) means any load other than the
weight of the employee(s), joists and bridging bundle.
Controlled Decking Zone
(CDZ) means an area in which certain work (for
example, initial installation and placement of metal decking) may take place
without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall-arrest systems, fall-restraint systems, or safety-net systems and where access to the zone is
controlled.
Controlled load lowering means lowering a load by means of a
mechanical hoist drum device that allows a hoisted load to be lowered with
maximum control using the gear train or hydraulic components of the hoist
mechanism. Controlled load lowering requires the use of the hoist drive motor,
rather than the load hoist brake, to lower the load.
Controlling contractor means a prime contractor, general contractor,
construction manager or any other legal entity that has the overall
responsibility for the construction of the projectits planning, quality, and
completion.
Critical lift means a lift that (1) exceeds 75 percent of the rated
capacity of the crane or derrick, or (2) requires the use of more than one crane
or derrick.
Decking hole means a gap or void more than 2 inches (5.1 cm) in its
least dimension and less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) in its greatest dimension in a
floor, roof, or other walking/working surface. Pre-engineered holes in cellular
decking (for wires, cables, etc.) are not included in this definition.
Derrick floor means an elevated floor of a building or structure that
has been designated to receive hoisted pieces of steel before final placement.
Double connection means an attachment
where the connection
point is intended for two pieces of steel that share common bolts on either
side of a central piece.
Double connection seat means a structural attachment that, during the
installation of a double connection, supports the first member while the second
member is connected.
Erection bridging means the bolted diagonal bridging that is required
to be installed before releasing the hoisting cables from the steel joists.
Fall-restraint system means a fall-protection system that prevents the
user from falling any distance. The system is comprised of either a body belt or
body harness, along with an anchorage, connectors, and other necessary equipment.
The other components typically include a lanyard and also may include a
lifeline and other devices.
Final interior perimeter means the perimeter of a large permanent open
space within a building such as an atrium or courtyard. This does not include
openings for stairways, elevator shafts, etc.
Girt (in systems-engineered metal
buildings) means a Z- or C-shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary
framing and supporting wall material.
Headache ball means a weighted hook that is used to attach loads to
the hoist load line of the crane.
Hoisting equipment means commercially manufactured lifting equipment
designed to lift and position a load of known weight to a location at some known
elevation and horizontal distance from the equipment's center of rotation.
"Hoisting equipment" includes, but is not limited to, cranes, derricks,
tower cranes, barge-mounted derricks or cranes, gin poles, and gantry-hoist
systems. A "come-a-long" (a mechanical device, usually consisting of a
chain or cable attached at each end, that is used to facilitate movement of
materials through leverage) is not considered "hoisting equipment."
Leading edge means the unprotected side and edge of a floor, roof, or
formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as deck) that changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are
placed, formed, or constructed.
Metal decking means a commercially manufactured, structural-grade,
cold-rolled metal panel formed into a series of parallel ribs. For this subpart,
this includes metal floor and roof decks, standing seam metal roofs, other metal
roof systems, and other products such as bar gratings, checker plate, expanded
metal panels, and similar products. After installation and proper fastening,
these decking materials serve a combination of functions including, but not
limited to: a structural element designed in combination with the structure to
resist, distribute, and transfer loads, stiffen the structure, and provide a
diaphragm action; a walking/working surface; a form for concrete slabs; a
support for roofing systems; and a finished floor or roof.
Multiple-lift rigging means a rigging assembly manufactured by wire-rope rigging suppliers that facilitates the attachment of up to five independent
loads to the hoist rigging of a crane.
Opening means a gap or void 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more in its least
dimension in a floor, roof or other walking/working surface. For the purposes of
this subpart, skylights and smoke domes that do not meet the strength
requirements of 1926.754(e)(3) shall be regarded as openings.
Permanent floor means a structurally completed floor at any level or
elevation (including slab on grade).
Personal fall-arrest system means a system used to
stop an employee
in a fall from a working level. A personal fall-arrest system consists of an
anchorage, connectors, and a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration
device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these. The use of a body belt for
fall arrest is prohibited.
Positioning-device system means a body belt or body harness rigged to
allow an employee to be supported on an elevated, vertical surface such as a
wall or column and work with both hands free while leaning.
Post means a structural member with a longitudinal axis that is
essentially vertical, that: (1) weighs 300 pounds or less and is axially loaded
(a load presses down on the top end), or (2) is not axially loaded, but is
laterally restrained by the above member. Posts typically support stair
landings, wall framing, mezzanines, and other substructures.
Project structural engineer of record means the registered, licensed
professional responsible for the design of structural steel framing and whose
seal appears on the structural contract documents.
Purlin (in systems-engineered metal
buildings) means a Z-
or C-shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary
framing and supporting roof material.
Qualified person (also defined in
1926.32) means one who, by
possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who
by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated
the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the
work, or the project.
Safety deck attachment means an initial attachment
used to
secure an initially placed sheet of decking to keep proper alignment and bearing
with structural support members.
Shear connector means headed steel studs, steel bars, steel lugs, and
similar devices that are attached to a structural to achieve composite action with concrete.
Steel erection means the construction, alteration or repair of steel
buildings, bridges, and other structures, including the installation of metal
decking and all planking used during the process of erection.
Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144
feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of
floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses or cold-formed
joists.
Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying member,
designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This
does not include structural steel trusses.
Steel truss means an open web member designed of structural steel
components by the project structural engineer of record. For the purposes of
this subpart, a steel truss is considered equivalent to a solid web structural
member.
Structural steel means a steel member, or a member made of a
substitute material (such as, but not limited to, fiberglass, aluminum, or
composite members). These members include, but are not limited to, steel joists,
joist girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats, metal decking,
girts, and all bridging, and cold-formed metal framing that is integrated with
the structural steel framing of a building.
Systems-engineered metal building means a metal, field-assembled
building system consisting of framing, and roof and wall coverings. Typically, many
of these components are cold-formed shapes. These individual parts are
fabricated in one or more manufacturing facilities and shipped to the job site
for assembly into the final structure. The engineering design of the system is
normally the responsibility of the systems-engineered metal building
manufacturer.
Tank means a container for holding gases, liquids, or solids.
Unprotected sides and edges means any side or edge (except at
entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface: for example, a
floor, roof, ramp or runway, where there is no wall or guardrail system at least
39 inches (1.0 m) high.
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