Technical Abstract: Two exotic Asian bacterial diseases of citrus are currently plaguing citrus industries in the Western Hemisphere. The two largest citrus producing areas in the Americas, located in Florida and the state of São Paulo Brazil, are presently battling these devastating diseases. The presence of these diseases in the Florida and São Paulo citrus industries also pose an imminent threat to other major citrus producing areas within the US, such as California, Texas, and Arizona and citrus producing areas near São Paulo such as the state of Parana, Brazil and the important northern citrus producing areas in Argentina. The history, etiology, and symptomology of each disease are covered in detail as are the USDA, APHIS Pest Risk Assessment and Risk Management Analysis of canker and the implications and impact of future decisions on marketing. Control strategies are discussed which for canker involves windbreaks and copper sprays and for HLB is centered around infected-tree removals and psyllid-vector chemical control strategies. O particular concern is the observation that there is nowhere in the world where HLB is under adequate control, and where it does occur, it continues to increase in incidence and severity. On absolute recommendation is that the commercial citrus industry must collectively secure budwood and nursery operations to prevent propagation and spread of the disease. The difficulty of managing HLB is discussed and the prospect of future resistance to the disease.