Ecological Risk of Genetically Modified Crops

This research focus is designed to provide the risk assessment community with modern genetic tools for evaluating long-term risks of genetically modified (GM) crops. Molecular population genetic data can reveal information about trends in both pest populations targeted by plant-incorporated protectants (PIPS) and non-target populations. EPA regulations require specific pest management strategies to slow the evolution of resistance in target pest populations. A key component of this research program is to provide detailed information on pest biology to improve and validate models of insect resistance development. Information being developed includes gene flow and mating patterns in the wild, geographic and chromosomal distribution of resistance alleles, and their additive and nonadditive effects on resistance under selective pressures in the field

Exposure of non-target populations to toxins from GM crops expressing PIPs, like Bt-corn (i.e., corn expressing an insecticidal protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis) and the long term population-level effects of these exposures needs to be studied in more detail. Short-term field studies have failed to detect significant population effects on nontarget organisms. However, sensitive methods to evaluate exposures to non-target organisms and the long term population effects are lacking. Genetic methods are being developed to assess non-target insect populations in order to provide baseline population data and a cost-effective methodology for monitoring long-term population trends.

Develop genetic methodologies for evaluating and decreasing ecological risks posed by genetically modified crops containing plant incorporated protectants

• Genetically Modified Crops: Insect Resistance and Non-target Effects