Public lands may be withdrawn and reserved for military training and testing in support of our national defense requirements. Such withdrawals and reservations are authorized by Act of Congress (for withdrawals of over 5,000 acres) or by order of the Secretary of the Interior (for withdrawals of less than 5,000 acres). Lands so designated are usually withdrawn from all forms of appropriation under the public land laws, including the mining laws, but not the mineral and geothermal leasing laws and the Materials Act of 1947.