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VI.7 Hopper HelperBy Wendal Cushing
Preface PrefaceThis reference was developed as a resource for personnel after years of observing them struggle to identify the life stages and species of grasshoppers while in the field. Although many resource tools are available, they often are too technical or too bulky to be used in survey operations. Data for this reference were based on studies done in the Grasshopper Integrated Pest Management (GHIPM) Project demonstration area in McKenzie County, ND. Pocket Hopper Helper, which fits in a shirt pocket, provides necessary information about grasshoppers that will aid the user in identifying different species found in southwestern North Dakota and on western rangelands. AcknowledgmentsThe production of Pocket Hopper Helper and Hopper Helper has entailed the efforts and expertise of many coworkers. I wish to acknowledge their valued contributions which made this publication possible. In particular, I wish to thank three employees of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service's (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) Phoenix Methods Development Center: Nelson Foster, for facilitating the production of this aid to be used in conjunction with factsheets for field identification of common grasshoppers; K. Chris Reuter, who provided assistance with identification characters of immature and adult grasshoppers and review of the manuscript; and Lonnie Black, who prepared final drawings from my originals and representative specimens of individual species. IntroductionHopper Helper provides field personnel with an easy-to-use guide for survey operations. Data gained through direct observation in field operations in southwestern North Dakota provided the basis for this guide. Please observe the following seven additional facts in applying this field guide:
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to ID Tools Selected ReferencesBrooks, A. R. 1958. Acridoidea of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Orthoptera). Suppl. 9. Canadian Entomologist 90: 1-92. Capinera, J. L., ed. 1987. Integrated pest management on rangeland, a shortgrass prairie perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Handford. R. H. 1946. The identification of nymphs of the genus Melanoplus of Manitoba and adjacent areas. Scientific Agriculture 26: 147-180 and 12 plates. Hewitt, G. B.; Barr, W. F. 1967. The banded-wing grasshoppers of Idaho. (Orthoptera: Oedipodinae). Sta. Bull. 72. Moscow, ID: Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Mulkern, G. B.; Pruess, K. P.; Knutson, H.; Hagen, A. F.; Campbell, J. B.; Lanbley, J. D. 1969. Food habits and preferences of grassland grasshoppers of the north central Great Plains. Sta. Bull. 481. Fargo, ND: North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Newton, R. C.; Esselbaugh, C. O.; York, G. T.; Prescott, H. W. 1954. Seasonal development of range grasshoppers as related to control. Bull. E-873. Division of Cereal and Forest Insect Investigations: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. 18 p. Pfadt, R. E. 1988. Field guide to common western grasshoppers. Sta. Bull. 912. Laramie, WY: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station. 25 p. Selected References-UnpublishedCushing, W. J. 1970. Characteristics of the immature stages of North Dakota bandwinged grasshoppers with a key for their identification. M.S. thesis. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University. Turley, D. M. 1964. Acridinae nymphs of North Dakota. National Science Foundation final report. Previous Article • Next Article • Section VI Contents • Return to ID Tools |
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