Table 34-1. Number and percentage distribution of school principals, by school level, school type, and selected characteristics: School years 1993–94, 1999–2000, and 2003–04
|
|---|
| |
|
Elementary2
|
|
Secondary2
|
| Characteristic |
All principals1 |
All |
Public |
Private |
|
All |
Public |
Private |
|
| 1993–94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total, number |
104,600 |
67,000 |
53,700 |
13,400 |
|
20,600 |
18,300 |
2,300 |
| Total, percentage |
100.0 |
69.0 |
80.1 |
19.9 |
|
21.2 |
88.8 |
11.2 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
60.9 |
53.6 |
58.9 |
32.3 |
|
84.0 |
86.2 |
66.0 |
| Female |
39.1 |
46.4 |
41.1 |
67.7 |
|
16.0 |
13.8 |
34.0 |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 40 |
10.3 |
9.3 |
7.4 |
16.9 |
|
8.2 |
7.6 |
13.0 |
| 40–44 |
18.1 |
18.3 |
18.8 |
16.4 |
|
18.3 |
18.2 |
19.5 |
| 45–49 |
29.2 |
29.3 |
31.2 |
21.6 |
|
32.3 |
33.9 |
20.0 |
| 50–54 |
22.0 |
22.0 |
23.7 |
15.1 |
|
23.7 |
23.5 |
25.7 |
| 55 and over |
20.4 |
21.1 |
18.9 |
30.0 |
|
17.4 |
16.8 |
21.8 |
| Race/ethnicity3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
86.2 |
84.6 |
83.0 |
91.1 |
|
89.1 |
88.2 |
96.1 |
| Black |
8.7 |
9.7 |
10.8 |
5.0 |
|
6.6 |
7.3 |
1.5 |
| Hispanic |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
2.1 |
|
3.1 |
3.2 |
2.1 |
| Asian |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
| Pacific Islander |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
— |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
|
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
| Highest degree earned |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No degree |
1.6 |
1.1 |
# |
5.3 |
|
# |
# |
0.2 |
| Associate’s |
0.4 |
0.3 |
# |
1.8 |
|
# |
# |
# |
| Bachelor’s |
7.3 |
6.4 |
1.5 |
26.1 |
|
1.7 |
1.2 |
6.0 |
| Master’s |
60.6 |
62.2 |
64.1 |
54.2 |
|
63.5 |
63.1 |
67.4 |
| Education specialist or professional diploma4 |
21.6 |
22.2 |
25.7 |
8.0 |
|
24.1 |
25.4 |
14.0 |
| Doctoral or first-professional5 |
8.5 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
4.7 |
|
10.5 |
10.3 |
12.4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1999–2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total, number |
110,000 |
75,900 |
60,100 |
15,800 |
|
23,100 |
20,500 |
2,600 |
| Total,percentage |
100.0 |
69.0 |
79.2 |
20.8 |
|
21.0 |
88.6 |
11.4 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
53.7 |
44.9 |
48.2 |
32.4 |
|
76.9 |
78.3 |
66.3 |
| Female |
46.4 |
55.1 |
51.8 |
67.6 |
|
23.1 |
21.8 |
33.7 |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 40 |
11.1 |
10.5 |
9.9 |
12.9 |
|
9.9 |
10.0 |
9.6 |
| 40–44 |
12.7 |
12.5 |
12.6 |
12.5 |
|
13.1 |
12.9 |
14.6 |
| 45–49 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
23.7 |
18.6 |
|
22.8 |
23.1 |
20.4 |
| 50–54 |
30.0 |
30.0 |
32.0 |
22.4 |
|
32.8 |
33.5 |
28.0 |
| 55 and over |
23.7 |
24.3 |
21.9 |
33.6 |
|
21.4 |
20.6 |
27.3 |
| Race/ethnicity3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
83.9 |
82.2 |
81.2 |
86.2 |
|
86.6 |
85.6 |
94.5 |
| Black |
9.8 |
11.1 |
11.8 |
8.1 |
|
7.6 |
8.4 |
1.3! |
| Hispanic |
4.7 |
5.1 |
5.6 |
3.2 |
|
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.1! |
| Asian |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.7! |
1.9 |
|
0.7! |
0.8! |
0.3! |
| Pacific Islander |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
— |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.9! |
| Highest degree earned |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No degree |
1.5 |
0.9 |
# |
4.2 |
|
0.1! |
# |
1.1 |
| Associate’s |
0.3 |
0.2! |
# |
0.7! |
|
# |
# |
0.1! |
| Bachelor’s |
7.0 |
6.5 |
1.8 |
24.4 |
|
2.7 |
1.4 |
13.3 |
| Master’s |
53.5 |
54.1 |
53.9 |
54.7 |
|
56.1 |
55.8 |
58.6 |
| Education specialist or professional diploma4 |
28.1 |
29.5 |
34.6 |
9.9 |
|
29.6 |
31.3 |
16.0 |
| Doctoral or first-professional5 |
9.8 |
8.9 |
9.7 |
6.1 |
|
11.5 |
11.6 |
10.9 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2003–04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total, number |
115,000 |
78,200 |
61,500 |
16,700 |
|
22,200 |
19,700 |
2,500 |
| Total, percentage |
100.0 |
67.8 |
78.6 |
21.4 |
|
19.3 |
88.7 |
11.3 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
50.3 |
41.3 |
44.0 |
31.4 |
|
73.1 |
74.0 |
66.6 |
| Female |
49.7 |
58.7 |
56.0 |
68.6 |
|
26.9 |
26.0 |
33.4 |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Under 40 |
15.0 |
14.9 |
14.8 |
15.2 |
|
12.8 |
12.6 |
14.3 |
| 40–44 |
10.9 |
10.6 |
10.5 |
10.9 |
|
11.0 |
11.2 |
8.7 |
| 45–49 |
17.5 |
17.5 |
18.3 |
14.3 |
|
18.5 |
18.8 |
15.9 |
| 50–54 |
26.0 |
26.6 |
28.0 |
21.5 |
|
25.9 |
27.3 |
15.4 |
| 55 and over |
30.7 |
30.5 |
28.5 |
38.2 |
|
31.9 |
30.1 |
45.7 |
| Race/ethnicity3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
84.2 |
82.4 |
81.0 |
87.5 |
|
85.9 |
84.8 |
95.0 |
| Black |
9.3 |
10.3 |
11.4 |
6.6 |
|
8.7 |
9.4 |
3.2 |
| Hispanic |
4.8 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
3.3 |
|
4.1 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
| Asian |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
|
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Pacific Islander |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
|
0.1 |
0.1 |
# |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
|
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
| Highest degree earned |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No degree |
1.8 |
1.4 |
# |
6.6 |
|
0.4 |
# |
3.2 |
| Associate’s |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
2.7 |
|
0.1 |
# |
0.8 |
| Bachelor’s |
6.8 |
6.0 |
1.0 |
24.1 |
|
3.6 |
2.9 |
9.3 |
| Master’s |
56.9 |
57.8 |
59.9 |
50.0 |
|
57.1 |
56.4 |
62.9 |
| Education specialist or professional diploma4 |
25.6 |
26.5 |
30.5 |
12.0 |
|
28.7 |
30.7 |
13.0 |
| Doctoral or first-professional5 |
8.2 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
4.6 |
|
10.1 |
10.0 |
10.9 |
|
— Not available.
|
! Interpret data with caution (estimates are unstable).
|
# Rounds to zero.
|
1 Included in the totals but not shown separately are principals of combined elementary and secondary schools.
|
2 Roughly 900 cases were missing data for the school level variable in 1993–94; these cases were excluded from the school-level analyses.
|
3 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Before 2003–04, Asian and Pacific Islander were not reported separately; therefore, Pacific Islander is included in Asian for the 1993–94 and 1999–2000 survey administrations.
|
4 At least 1 year beyond the master’s level.
|
5 An award that requires completion of a degree program that meets all of the following criteria: (1) completion of the academic requirements to begin practice in the profession; (2) at least 2 years of college work before entering the degree program; and (3) a total of at least 6 academic years of college work to complete the degree program, including previously required college work plus the work required in the professional program itself. See glossary for a complete list of first-professional degrees.
|
NOTE: Data are only for principals, not assistant principals. Principals from Bureau of Indian Affairs schools were excluded from the analysis. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. See supplemental note 3 for more information on the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Some estimates have been revised from previous publications.
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), “Public School Principal Data File” and “Private School Principal Data File,” 1993–94, 1999–2000, and 2003–04 and “Charter School Principal Data File,” 1999–2000.
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