NC BL 05/00/1998 Table: Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Bulletin 3090-32, August 1997 Table A-1. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, all workers(2), all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Occupation(3) Percentiles Mean RSE 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All occupations....................................................... $15.27 2.1% $6.50 $9.00 $13.17 $19.23 $26.40 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 15.45 2.2 6.75 9.37 13.45 19.31 26.51 White-collar occupations............................................ 17.60 2.6 7.85 10.58 15.14 21.95 31.07 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 18.23 2.6 8.61 11.28 16.05 22.60 31.73 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.60 3.4 12.45 16.00 20.08 25.96 33.13 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.38 3.3 15.03 17.96 21.95 28.03 34.40 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 26.54 6.6 18.27 20.99 26.44 31.29 35.00 Mechanical engineers........................................ 29.27 1.0 26.44 27.69 29.37 31.73 32.09 Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 26.53 10.0 17.31 21.39 25.63 31.25 38.51 Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 24.63 8.0 16.07 18.20 22.82 29.32 35.97 Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 24.78 9.4 15.71 17.19 22.60 30.42 37.79 Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 23.24 7.2 17.18 20.28 22.82 23.56 31.19 Natural scientists............................................ 21.03 6.2 16.43 18.78 21.46 23.27 26.70 Health related occupations.................................... 20.74 3.2 14.30 16.52 19.72 22.43 30.08 Registered nurses........................................... 18.84 2.9 13.93 15.76 18.78 20.83 23.19 Physical therapists......................................... 25.46 8.5 18.06 19.13 24.04 30.64 30.64 Teachers, college and university.............................. 32.85 7.3 24.31 24.42 33.74 36.93 42.63 Teachers, except college and university....................... 21.76 4.0 15.80 17.97 21.47 26.02 29.25 Elementary school teachers.................................. 22.79 1.9 16.86 19.49 22.14 26.51 28.71 Secondary school teachers................................... 23.02 3.7 16.59 18.81 23.42 26.51 29.45 Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 19.58 2.6 15.75 17.51 19.50 22.21 24.48 Librarians.................................................. 19.58 2.6 15.75 17.51 19.50 22.21 24.48 Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... 14.53 6.1 9.81 11.67 14.53 16.93 19.50 Social workers.............................................. 14.41 6.4 9.81 11.67 14.38 16.94 19.50 Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - - - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 16.72 8.5 11.96 13.37 15.98 19.11 24.52 Technical occupations........................................... 15.09 4.4 9.75 11.67 13.75 17.36 22.05 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 17.04 13.2 9.25 12.25 16.90 20.88 25.85 Radiological technicians.................................... 16.14 2.4 14.75 14.75 15.46 17.29 18.00 Licensed practical nurses................................... 12.01 1.6 10.04 10.87 11.95 13.30 14.09 Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 11.91 9.4 6.57 8.48 12.14 14.90 16.25 Computer programmers........................................ 19.78 6.9 15.63 16.98 18.13 22.05 25.00 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 24.51 3.7 13.55 16.37 21.91 30.32 38.03 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 28.66 4.1 16.48 21.42 25.64 33.46 39.61 Administrators and officials, public administration......... 25.00 11.0 18.14 18.14 23.81 32.06 34.49 Financial managers.......................................... 25.77 6.6 14.90 19.39 24.06 27.73 39.90 Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 23.20 8.3 16.77 21.91 21.91 26.60 35.21 Administrators, education and related fields................ 26.17 10.6 19.63 21.46 24.12 32.33 32.33 Managers, medicine and health............................... 23.04 9.3 16.04 16.04 23.08 28.72 28.72 Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 31.91 6.5 16.35 21.53 29.62 36.56 50.48 Management related occupations................................ 19.06 6.4 12.25 14.42 16.88 21.06 29.31 Accountants and auditors.................................... $20.03 4.6% $14.66 $15.94 $18.46 $22.71 $29.31 Other financial officers.................................... 16.83 6.3 12.36 13.40 15.38 19.52 22.81 Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 28.70 18.2 14.09 17.31 37.36 39.90 45.48 Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 17.21 7.1 12.25 12.93 16.59 19.18 27.96 Sales occupations................................................. 13.00 9.2 5.65 6.75 9.35 15.75 23.45 Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 18.20 11.5 8.25 12.12 17.90 20.19 28.13 Insurance sales occupations................................. 25.46 5.6 15.38 19.23 21.61 28.85 39.42 Sales occupations, other business services.................. 11.41 11.2 8.17 8.17 10.73 12.50 18.51 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 27.22 30.5 11.13 11.66 23.93 31.78 56.25 Cashiers.................................................... 6.32 4.0 5.20 5.25 6.00 7.00 9.00 Sales support occupations, N.E.C............................ 13.76 22.5 8.50 8.50 12.08 14.50 23.45 Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 11.27 2.3 7.27 8.63 10.86 13.36 15.61 Supervisors, general office................................. 14.76 3.1 11.89 12.82 15.42 16.15 16.44 Computer operators.......................................... 10.91 12.9 7.50 7.50 10.00 14.59 14.59 Secretaries................................................. 12.62 3.1 8.05 10.67 13.15 14.70 14.96 Receptionists............................................... 9.55 2.6 7.93 8.55 9.48 10.63 11.06 Information clerks, N.E.C................................... 9.89 14.0 5.25 5.65 11.29 12.79 12.98 Order clerks................................................ 12.57 9.8 8.25 10.15 12.65 16.23 17.08 Library clerks.............................................. 7.39 18.0 4.75 4.83 6.38 10.29 11.80 Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 11.41 4.0 8.86 10.23 11.28 12.58 13.15 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 10.81 4.1 8.20 9.43 10.52 12.02 13.98 Dispatchers................................................. 12.94 9.1 9.57 10.47 11.62 14.77 19.03 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 8.19 9.2 6.00 6.25 7.50 8.50 11.58 Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 8.97 3.1 7.62 8.16 9.00 9.50 10.98 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 17.25 19.3 10.26 12.00 15.57 22.46 25.38 Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 11.28 4.5 8.00 8.63 11.76 13.12 13.60 Bill and account collectors................................. 11.61 9.1 6.30 9.63 12.02 12.95 15.20 General office clerks....................................... 10.10 4.6 7.00 8.06 9.63 11.50 14.59 Data entry keyers........................................... 9.12 4.3 7.00 7.93 9.69 10.12 10.77 Teachers' aides............................................. 9.69 3.4 6.47 7.95 9.37 12.06 12.23 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 11.46 5.4 7.16 8.99 11.54 13.59 16.15 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.62 2.4 7.25 9.50 12.81 16.60 21.25 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.43 3.2 9.75 12.31 16.00 20.02 24.76 Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 21.56 12.0 14.00 14.38 21.79 28.70 29.66 Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 14.42 5.0 11.00 13.63 14.63 16.10 17.00 Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 19.91 8.1 12.26 15.39 21.25 26.14 26.14 Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 13.80 4.2 8.50 10.50 14.70 16.70 21.08 Electricians................................................ 16.92 6.3 12.63 15.00 18.25 18.25 19.43 Supervisors, production occupations......................... 24.02 6.3 15.00 19.23 22.81 29.66 31.48 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 3.1 7.69 10.80 13.25 17.22 20.20 Printing press operators.................................... 15.01 6.8 8.89 13.24 15.61 17.13 18.63 Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 12.09 11.1 6.00 11.89 13.01 13.01 15.19 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 16.94 5.2 9.75 12.82 17.77 20.20 24.36 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 12.85 9.5 9.40 10.39 11.10 17.19 17.36 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... $11.71 3.9% $7.65 $9.12 $11.24 $13.52 $16.00 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 13.65 9.6 11.24 11.24 12.00 14.58 18.61 Truck drivers............................................... 10.93 4.8 8.25 9.00 10.00 12.08 15.50 Bus drivers................................................. 12.53 10.9 7.38 9.33 12.79 15.99 15.99 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 13.58 7.7 9.49 11.31 12.66 15.19 20.73 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.20 4.3 5.75 7.00 8.98 12.45 15.79 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 13.25 10.3 9.71 9.71 10.60 12.56 17.10 Production helpers.......................................... 10.37 11.3 6.25 7.50 10.30 12.72 16.05 Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 9.20 11.4 5.35 5.65 7.36 11.71 13.50 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 11.21 7.9 6.50 8.58 11.10 13.70 16.20 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 9.01 19.5 5.77 6.00 6.00 10.21 17.19 Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.87 5.5 5.45 6.84 10.98 11.65 12.80 Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 9.38 7.0 6.40 7.14 8.35 10.30 13.93 Service occupations................................................. 8.51 3.5 5.15 5.75 7.37 10.14 14.04 Protective service occupations................................ 13.29 6.2 7.10 9.63 12.36 16.16 19.64 Police and detectives, public service....................... 15.63 3.7 12.36 13.89 15.73 16.94 19.50 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 12.97 0.2 11.00 11.00 12.02 15.70 16.41 Food service occupations...................................... 6.39 5.8 2.13 5.15 6.25 8.00 10.00 Waiters and waitresses...................................... 4.37 20.5 2.13 2.13 2.77 7.50 8.17 Cooks....................................................... 9.56 9.8 6.30 7.50 9.00 12.00 14.42 Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 7.34 4.8 5.50 6.00 7.00 8.00 10.00 Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 6.48 8.4 5.15 5.15 5.57 7.00 9.25 Health service occupations.................................... $7.13 4.0% $5.30 $5.65 $6.70 $8.01 $9.51 Health aides, except nursing................................ 8.97 4.2 6.36 7.50 8.82 9.51 12.75 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 6.82 4.1 5.25 5.50 6.50 7.60 8.81 Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 7.20 4.2 5.15 5.36 6.69 8.10 10.50 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 10.16 8.3 7.00 7.60 8.90 12.01 15.00 Maids and housemen.......................................... 6.01 1.3 5.25 5.30 5.75 6.69 7.45 Janitors and cleaners....................................... 7.02 4.9 5.15 5.25 6.56 8.06 9.63 Personal service occupations.................................. 8.58 10.1 5.50 6.59 7.77 10.36 12.03 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." Table A-2. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, all workers(2), private industry and State and local government, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Percentiles Percentiles Mean RSE Mean RSE 10 25 Median 75 90 10 25 Median 75 90 50 50 All occupations....................................................... $14.74 2.4% $6.00 $8.21 $12.56 $18.23 $25.67 $16.62 4.3% $8.38 $10.76 $14.70 $20.83 $28.04 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 14.94 2.4 6.25 8.50 12.83 18.25 26.14 16.62 4.3 8.38 10.76 14.70 20.88 28.04 White-collar occupations............................................ 17.25 3.0 7.25 9.71 14.59 21.84 31.55 18.25 4.8 9.56 12.23 16.43 22.23 30.64 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 18.21 2.9 8.08 10.72 15.70 22.89 32.59 18.27 4.8 9.57 12.23 16.43 22.23 30.64 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.22 3.3 11.32 14.94 19.50 26.07 33.37 21.92 5.5 13.45 16.43 20.53 25.90 32.87 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.48 3.5 13.60 17.50 22.50 28.65 34.88 23.30 5.2 15.79 18.36 21.95 27.79 33.77 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 28.48 4.6 19.23 25.24 28.37 32.09 36.59 - - - - - - - Mechanical engineers........................................ 29.27 1.0 26.44 27.69 29.37 31.73 32.09 - - - - - - - Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 26.53 10.0 17.31 21.39 25.63 31.25 38.51 - - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 27.34 7.6 17.19 19.95 25.00 34.22 41.11 - - - - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 28.01 8.9 17.19 19.95 25.00 35.97 41.83 - - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ 22.62 8.7 12.41 19.23 24.62 25.76 28.65 - - - - - - - Health related occupations.................................... 19.68 3.2 13.89 15.83 19.00 21.29 25.36 22.65 5.8 15.27 17.75 21.26 27.78 31.38 Registered nurses........................................... 18.35 2.8 13.58 15.40 18.47 20.50 22.25 - - - - - - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 11.29 11.4 9.40 9.40 9.40 13.33 16.99 22.85 1.7 17.06 18.89 22.23 26.51 29.33 Elementary school teachers.................................. - - - - - - - 23.06 1.8 17.06 19.64 22.50 26.64 29.33 Secondary school teachers................................... - - - - - - - 23.16 3.7 16.59 18.93 23.43 26.71 29.73 Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - - 19.93 2.4 14.83 17.82 19.56 22.44 24.48 Librarians.................................................. - - - - - - - 19.93 2.4 14.83 17.82 19.56 22.44 24.48 Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - - 14.62 7.2 10.29 12.02 14.72 16.94 18.61 Social workers.............................................. - - - - - - - 14.62 7.2 10.29 12.02 14.72 16.94 18.61 Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 18.04 7.9 10.77 13.37 18.16 24.15 24.52 - - - - - - - Technical occupations........................................... 15.62 4.5 9.53 11.91 14.75 18.00 22.82 14.26 8.1 10.29 11.25 13.15 15.03 20.88 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 12.46 10.3 8.70 9.25 12.20 15.86 16.75 - - - - - - - Radiological technicians.................................... 16.02 2.5 14.03 14.75 15.46 17.25 18.01 - - - - - - - Licensed practical nurses................................... 11.95 1.7 10.00 10.87 11.83 13.18 14.09 - - - - - - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 11.06 11.0 6.57 7.26 11.15 14.90 16.25 - - - - - - - Computer programmers........................................ 20.30 6.8 16.98 16.98 18.22 22.05 25.79 - - - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 25.51 3.3 14.36 16.59 21.91 32.12 38.46 20.82 10.7 10.39 14.70 20.68 26.64 32.33 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 29.74 4.3 15.87 21.53 26.60 35.66 44.47 24.85 7.3 18.14 20.53 22.95 28.99 32.33 Administrators and officials, public administration......... - - - - - - - 25.60 12.0 18.14 18.14 23.81 32.06 34.49 Financial managers.......................................... 25.77 6.6 14.90 19.39 24.06 27.73 39.90 - - - - - - - Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 23.20 8.3 16.77 21.91 21.91 26.60 35.21 - - - - - - - Administrators, education and related fields................ - - - - - - - 25.57 10.3 19.63 21.46 22.95 32.33 32.33 Managers, medicine and health............................... 22.56 10.8 16.04 16.04 23.08 28.72 28.72 - - - - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 32.27 6.5 16.35 21.63 31.22 36.73 50.48 - - - - - - - Management related occupations................................ 20.08 5.7 13.01 15.38 17.95 21.92 29.49 14.96 12.3 10.06 10.52 14.06 16.35 22.26 Accountants and auditors.................................... 20.37 5.2 14.66 16.11 18.99 23.13 29.31 17.82 8.1 13.94 15.14 16.16 17.31 27.64 Other financial officers.................................... 15.04 6.8 12.36 12.73 15.38 15.87 19.52 - - - - - - - Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 28.70 18.2 14.09 17.31 37.36 39.90 45.48 - - - - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... $17.35 7.2% $12.25 $13.22 $16.88 $19.18 $27.96 - - - - - - - Sales occupations................................................. 13.01 9.2 5.65 6.75 9.34 16.21 23.45 - - - - - - - Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 18.20 11.5 8.25 12.12 17.90 20.19 28.13 - - - - - - - Insurance sales occupations................................. 25.46 5.6 15.38 19.23 21.61 28.85 39.42 - - - - - - - Sales occupations, other business services.................. 11.41 11.2 8.17 8.17 10.73 12.50 18.51 - - - - - - - Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 27.22 30.5 11.13 11.66 23.93 31.78 56.25 - - - - - - - Cashiers.................................................... 6.23 4.0 5.20 5.25 6.00 6.80 8.00 - - - - - - - Sales support occupations, N.E.C............................ 13.76 22.5 8.50 8.50 12.08 14.50 23.45 - - - - - - - Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 11.20 3.0 7.00 8.25 10.50 13.24 16.49 $11.39 3.2% $7.70 $9.28 $11.28 $13.45 $14.70 Supervisors, general office................................. 14.68 3.9 11.49 12.35 16.12 16.15 16.44 - - - - - - - Secretaries................................................. 12.15 4.9 8.00 10.02 11.64 14.42 17.57 12.92 3.5 9.46 11.71 13.78 14.70 14.70 Receptionists............................................... 9.55 2.6 7.93 8.55 9.48 10.63 11.06 - - - - - - - Information clerks, N.E.C................................... 9.89 14.0 5.25 5.65 11.29 12.79 12.98 - - - - - - - Order clerks................................................ 12.57 9.8 8.25 10.15 12.65 16.23 17.08 - - - - - - - Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 11.19 3.9 9.02 9.94 10.95 12.33 13.32 - - - - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 10.28 3.8 7.50 9.00 9.94 11.54 13.36 11.62 6.6 8.76 9.63 11.37 13.37 15.18 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 8.19 9.2 6.00 6.25 7.50 8.50 11.58 - - - - - - - Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 8.75 2.2 7.51 8.33 9.00 9.50 9.68 - - - - - - - Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 17.25 19.3 10.26 12.00 15.57 22.46 25.38 - - - - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 11.02 5.2 8.00 8.63 10.92 13.12 13.59 - - - - - - - Bill and account collectors................................. 11.35 14.3 6.20 7.50 12.02 12.95 16.18 - - - - - - - General office clerks....................................... 10.48 8.0 6.50 7.75 9.71 14.00 15.06 9.78 3.8 7.37 8.38 9.63 10.76 11.96 Data entry keyers........................................... 9.12 4.3 7.00 7.93 9.69 10.12 10.77 - - - - - - - Teachers' aides............................................. - - - - - - - 9.78 3.4 6.90 7.98 9.37 12.06 12.23 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 11.78 7.5 6.00 9.85 12.07 13.72 15.77 11.06 7.7 7.27 8.09 10.24 13.08 17.82 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.73 2.5 7.10 9.25 12.98 16.76 21.28 12.35 5.6 7.69 9.71 12.31 14.61 16.43 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.76 3.5 9.25 12.26 16.30 20.76 26.14 14.02 3.5 11.00 12.31 14.06 16.29 17.95 Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 21.96 12.6 14.00 14.38 22.79 28.94 29.66 - - - - - - - Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 14.81 4.0 13.00 13.63 14.90 16.10 17.20 - - - - - - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 20.00 8.2 11.96 15.39 21.25 26.14 26.14 - - - - - - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 13.79 4.9 8.00 10.50 15.00 16.70 21.08 - - - - - - - Supervisors, production occupations......................... 24.02 6.3 15.00 19.23 22.81 29.66 31.48 - - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 3.1 7.69 10.80 13.25 17.22 20.20 - - - - - - - Printing press operators.................................... 15.01 6.8 8.89 13.24 15.61 17.13 18.63 - - - - - - - Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 12.09 11.1 6.00 11.89 13.01 13.01 15.19 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 16.94 5.2 9.75 12.82 17.77 20.20 24.36 - - - - - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 12.85 9.5 9.40 10.39 11.10 17.19 17.36 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.87 4.4 7.90 9.25 11.24 13.71 16.36 10.57 4.6 7.13 8.46 10.43 12.31 13.60 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 13.65 9.6 11.24 11.24 12.00 14.58 18.61 - - - - - - - Truck drivers............................................... 10.87 5.2 8.25 8.96 10.00 12.08 15.50 - - - - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 13.58 7.7 9.49 11.31 12.66 15.19 20.73 - - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.21 4.7 5.65 6.84 8.75 12.56 16.05 10.09 5.7 7.16 9.48 9.71 10.26 13.71 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 15.63 15.4 10.05 10.07 12.56 12.56 22.84 - - - - - - - Production helpers.......................................... 10.37 11.3 6.25 7.50 10.30 12.72 16.05 - - - - - - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. $9.20 11.4% $5.35 $5.65 $7.36 $11.71 $13.50 - - - - - - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 11.21 7.9 6.50 8.58 11.10 13.70 16.20 - - - - - - - Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 9.01 19.5 5.77 6.00 6.00 10.21 17.19 - - - - - - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.87 5.5 5.45 6.84 10.98 11.65 12.80 - - - - - - - Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 9.38 7.0 6.40 7.14 8.35 10.30 13.93 - - - - - - - Service occupations................................................. 6.76 2.9 4.85 5.35 6.28 7.86 9.95 $11.63 4.6% $7.05 $8.06 $10.52 $13.75 $17.61 Protective service occupations................................ 8.54 5.2 6.00 6.50 7.98 9.25 13.50 15.00 6.4 10.50 11.00 13.89 16.94 21.42 Police and detectives, public service....................... - - - - - - - 15.63 3.8 12.36 13.89 15.73 16.94 19.50 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... - - - - - - - 12.97 0.2 11.00 11.00 12.02 15.70 16.41 Food service occupations...................................... 6.27 6.1 2.13 5.05 6.00 8.00 10.00 - - - - - - - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 4.37 20.5 2.13 2.13 2.77 7.50 8.17 - - - - - - - Cooks....................................................... 9.62 10.1 6.30 7.50 9.00 12.00 14.42 - - - - - - - Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 7.18 5.3 5.50 6.00 6.75 8.00 10.00 - - - - - - - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 6.22 9.5 5.15 5.15 5.50 7.00 9.25 - - - - - - - Health service occupations.................................... 6.89 4.2 5.25 5.50 6.43 7.58 9.27 - - - - - - - Health aides, except nursing................................ 8.97 4.2 6.36 7.50 8.82 9.51 12.75 - - - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 6.45 4.0 5.15 5.50 6.05 7.00 8.00 - - - - - - - Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 6.75 4.7 5.15 5.25 5.90 7.45 9.63 8.11 4.2 5.74 6.80 8.05 8.65 10.60 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 10.16 8.3 7.00 7.60 8.90 12.01 15.00 - - - - - - - Maids and housemen.......................................... 6.01 1.3 5.25 5.30 5.75 6.69 7.45 - - - - - - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 6.10 4.5 5.15 5.20 5.50 6.50 7.90 8.11 4.2 5.74 6.80 8.05 8.65 10.60 Personal service occupations.................................. 6.62 3.3 4.75 5.59 6.25 7.25 9.11 9.90 10.8 7.37 7.53 9.84 11.50 12.58 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Table A-3. Hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers(2), all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Full-time Part-time Occupation(3) Percentiles Percentiles Mean RSE Mean RSE 10 25 Median 75 90 10 25 Median 75 90 50 50 All occupations....................................................... $16.19 2.1% $7.51 $10.03 $14.04 $20.02 $27.26 $8.11 5.6% $5.15 $5.50 $6.50 $8.50 $14.70 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 16.29 2.2 7.70 10.24 14.09 20.20 27.40 8.37 6.2 5.15 5.50 6.84 9.00 14.99 White-collar occupations............................................ 18.41 2.5 8.73 11.44 16.15 22.82 31.92 10.07 7.0 5.50 6.25 7.55 12.21 16.43 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 18.84 2.5 9.40 12.00 16.59 23.27 32.09 11.36 7.6 6.20 7.00 9.00 14.70 18.37 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.82 3.5 12.50 16.07 20.49 26.40 33.13 18.00 7.6 8.38 14.50 16.43 20.14 30.00 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.60 3.4 15.07 18.20 21.95 28.04 34.40 19.71 7.3 12.64 16.07 17.53 21.59 30.00 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 26.54 6.6 18.27 20.99 26.44 31.29 35.00 - - - - - - - Mechanical engineers........................................ 29.27 1.0 26.44 27.69 29.37 31.73 32.09 - - - - - - - Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 26.53 10.0 17.31 21.39 25.63 31.25 38.51 - - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 25.61 8.0 16.42 19.20 23.77 30.45 37.79 - - - - - - - Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 25.98 9.5 15.71 18.78 25.00 30.65 38.59 - - - - - - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 23.24 7.2 17.18 20.28 22.82 23.56 31.19 - - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ 21.03 6.2 16.43 18.78 21.46 23.27 26.70 - - - - - - - Health related occupations.................................... 20.31 3.4 14.30 16.59 19.70 22.25 28.25 23.89 9.7 14.00 16.23 20.00 30.00 36.83 Registered nurses........................................... 18.69 3.0 13.93 15.76 18.74 20.85 22.74 19.89 9.2 14.00 16.22 19.00 20.59 30.00 Teachers, college and university.............................. 33.31 7.2 24.42 25.00 34.40 36.93 42.63 - - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 21.87 4.1 15.91 18.10 21.56 26.02 29.25 - - - - - - - Elementary school teachers.................................. 22.84 1.8 16.98 19.55 22.30 26.51 29.02 - - - - - - - Secondary school teachers................................... 23.05 3.7 16.59 18.81 23.43 26.57 29.62 - - - - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 19.77 2.5 16.16 17.51 19.50 22.21 24.48 - - - - - - - Librarians.................................................. 19.77 2.5 16.16 17.51 19.50 22.21 24.48 - - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... 14.28 5.1 9.81 11.67 14.38 16.83 18.26 - - - - - - - Social workers.............................................. 14.13 5.5 9.81 11.67 14.38 16.09 18.53 - - - - - - - Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 16.92 8.6 11.96 13.37 15.98 19.11 24.52 - - - - - - - Technical occupations........................................... 15.32 4.5 10.33 11.95 14.04 17.47 22.09 10.59 11.7 7.00 8.38 8.76 14.00 15.25 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 17.04 13.2 9.25 12.25 16.90 20.88 25.85 - - - - - - - Radiological technicians.................................... 16.21 2.5 14.75 14.75 15.98 17.29 18.01 - - - - - - - Licensed practical nurses................................... 11.95 1.7 10.00 10.89 11.87 13.22 14.09 - - - - - - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 11.87 9.8 6.57 8.48 12.14 14.89 16.25 - - - - - - - Computer programmers........................................ 19.78 6.9 15.63 16.98 18.13 22.05 25.00 - - - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 24.55 3.7 13.75 16.41 21.91 30.49 38.13 - - - - - - - Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 28.76 4.1 16.77 21.46 25.65 33.78 39.61 - - - - - - - Administrators and officials, public administration......... 25.00 11.0 18.14 18.14 23.81 32.06 34.49 - - - - - - - Financial managers.......................................... 25.77 6.6 14.90 19.39 24.06 27.73 39.90 - - - - - - - Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 23.20 8.3 16.77 21.91 21.91 26.60 35.21 - - - - - - - Administrators, education and related fields................ 26.17 10.6 19.63 21.46 24.12 32.33 32.33 - - - - - - - Managers, medicine and health............................... 23.04 9.3 16.04 16.04 23.08 28.72 28.72 - - - - - - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 32.17 6.5 16.48 21.63 29.62 36.56 50.48 - - - - - - - Management related occupations................................ $19.06 6.4% $12.25 $14.42 $16.88 $21.06 $29.31 - - - - - - - Accountants and auditors.................................... 20.03 4.6 14.66 15.94 18.46 22.71 29.31 - - - - - - - Other financial officers.................................... 16.83 6.3 12.36 13.40 15.38 19.52 22.81 - - - - - - - Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 28.70 18.2 14.09 17.31 37.36 39.90 45.48 - - - - - - - Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 17.21 7.1 12.25 12.93 16.59 19.18 27.96 - - - - - - - Sales occupations................................................. 14.74 9.4 6.50 8.00 11.76 19.23 25.24 $6.38 3.0% $5.15 $5.40 $6.03 $7.00 $8.00 Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 18.28 11.5 8.28 12.12 17.90 20.19 28.13 - - - - - - - Insurance sales occupations................................. 25.46 5.6 15.38 19.23 21.61 28.85 39.42 - - - - - - - Sales occupations, other business services.................. 11.41 11.2 8.17 8.17 10.73 12.50 18.51 - - - - - - - Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 27.22 30.5 11.13 11.66 23.93 31.78 56.25 - - - - - - - Sales workers, other commodities............................ - - - - - - - 7.04 3.5 5.75 6.06 6.50 7.30 8.88 Cashiers.................................................... 6.81 7.4 5.25 5.60 6.50 7.31 9.00 5.95 2.3 5.15 5.20 5.67 6.25 7.30 Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 11.71 2.2 7.93 9.28 11.21 13.55 16.15 8.75 8.5 6.00 6.76 7.55 10.15 14.70 Supervisors, general office................................. 14.76 3.1 11.89 12.82 15.42 16.15 16.44 - - - - - - - Computer operators.......................................... 10.91 12.9 7.50 7.50 10.00 14.59 14.59 - - - - - - - Secretaries................................................. 12.73 2.7 9.20 11.00 12.86 14.37 15.94 12.04 16.0 6.80 7.31 14.70 14.70 14.70 Receptionists............................................... 9.54 2.8 7.93 8.55 9.48 10.63 11.06 - - - - - - - Order clerks................................................ 14.33 4.2 10.75 12.65 13.62 16.98 17.08 - - - - - - - Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 11.48 3.8 9.02 10.35 11.36 12.70 13.15 - - - - - - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 10.97 4.1 8.41 9.50 10.70 12.20 14.06 - - - - - - - Dispatchers................................................. 12.98 9.4 10.01 10.47 11.62 15.40 19.03 - - - - - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 8.41 10.3 6.00 6.50 7.50 8.50 11.58 - - - - - - - Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 9.00 3.1 7.62 8.33 9.00 9.50 10.98 - - - - - - - Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 17.25 19.3 10.26 12.00 15.57 22.46 25.38 - - - - - - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 11.28 4.5 8.00 8.63 11.76 13.12 13.60 - - - - - - - Bill and account collectors................................. 11.61 9.1 6.30 9.63 12.02 12.95 15.20 - - - - - - - General office clerks....................................... 10.56 4.9 7.70 8.61 9.84 11.96 14.83 7.93 9.2 6.00 6.50 7.16 9.00 11.44 Data entry keyers........................................... 9.65 3.6 7.93 8.87 9.93 10.26 10.77 7.34 4.6 6.20 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00 Teachers' aides............................................. 9.59 3.4 6.79 7.86 9.28 12.06 12.06 - - - - - - - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 12.53 3.6 9.14 10.46 12.23 14.01 16.93 6.78 5.3 5.15 6.00 7.00 7.50 7.55 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.97 2.4 7.54 10.00 13.01 16.76 21.28 6.92 4.1 5.25 5.50 6.25 7.50 9.02 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.43 3.2 9.75 12.31 16.00 20.02 24.76 - - - - - - - Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 21.56 12.0 14.00 14.38 21.79 28.70 29.66 - - - - - - - Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 14.42 5.0 11.00 13.63 14.63 16.10 17.00 - - - - - - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 19.91 8.1 12.26 15.39 21.25 26.14 26.14 - - - - - - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 13.80 4.2 8.50 10.50 14.70 16.70 21.08 - - - - - - - Electricians................................................ 16.92 6.3 12.63 15.00 18.25 18.25 19.43 - - - - - - - Supervisors, production occupations......................... 24.02 6.3 15.00 19.23 22.81 29.66 31.48 - - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 3.1 7.75 10.80 13.25 17.22 20.20 - - - - - - - Printing press operators.................................... 15.01 6.8 8.89 13.24 15.61 17.13 18.63 - - - - - - - Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 12.09 11.1 6.00 11.89 13.01 13.01 15.19 - - - - - - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 16.94 5.2 9.75 12.82 17.77 20.20 24.36 - - - - - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... $12.85 9.5% $9.40 $10.39 $11.10 $17.19 $17.36 - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.87 4.1 7.75 9.45 11.25 13.60 16.42 $9.25 9.1% $6.75 $7.50 $8.00 $10.43 $13.72 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 13.65 9.6 11.24 11.24 12.00 14.58 18.61 - - - - - - - Truck drivers............................................... 11.01 4.9 8.53 9.10 10.00 12.10 15.50 - - - - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 13.58 7.7 9.49 11.31 12.66 15.19 20.73 - - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.94 4.8 6.40 7.88 10.00 12.72 16.21 6.41 3.9 5.20 5.35 5.83 6.84 7.75 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 13.25 10.3 9.71 9.71 10.60 12.56 17.10 - - - - - - - Production helpers.......................................... 10.37 11.3 6.25 7.50 10.30 12.72 16.05 - - - - - - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 12.55 12.7 7.36 8.82 11.71 13.32 21.90 5.94 2.8 5.15 5.35 5.65 6.25 7.50 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 11.43 7.2 7.88 8.65 11.85 13.70 14.75 9.51 25.0 5.30 5.50 6.00 16.20 17.88 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 9.25 20.2 5.77 6.00 7.00 16.36 17.19 - - - - - - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 11.61 1.4 10.64 10.98 11.58 11.79 12.80 - - - - - - - Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 9.78 7.6 6.50 7.50 8.75 10.92 13.93 - - - - - - - Service occupations................................................. 9.67 3.5 5.70 6.73 8.33 11.50 15.33 5.83 3.1 2.13 5.15 5.50 6.68 8.00 Protective service occupations................................ 13.49 6.2 7.50 10.04 12.48 16.31 20.27 7.26 6.7 5.70 6.45 7.10 7.15 7.75 Police and detectives, public service....................... 15.63 3.8 12.36 13.89 15.73 16.94 19.50 - - - - - - - Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 12.97 0.2 11.00 11.00 12.02 15.70 16.41 - - - - - - - Food service occupations...................................... 7.43 8.5 3.14 5.55 7.05 9.24 12.02 5.47 5.9 2.13 2.13 5.50 7.00 8.50 Waiters and waitresses...................................... - - - - - - - 3.78 23.3 2.13 2.13 2.13 7.50 8.00 Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 7.93 5.4 6.00 6.03 7.65 9.84 10.00 6.55 4.5 5.50 5.50 6.25 7.15 8.00 Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 7.62 6.8 5.15 5.88 7.19 9.25 9.41 5.82 7.2 5.15 5.15 5.25 6.25 7.00 Health service occupations.................................... 7.70 4.5 6.00 6.50 7.37 8.65 9.84 6.18 5.2 5.15 5.30 5.50 6.25 8.01 Health aides, except nursing................................ 8.54 3.3 6.20 7.16 8.73 9.45 10.71 - - - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 7.48 5.1 6.00 6.47 7.32 8.06 9.63 5.88 3.9 5.15 5.25 5.50 6.00 7.77 Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 7.78 3.9 5.30 6.00 7.36 8.38 11.19 5.66 1.2 5.05 5.15 5.25 5.86 7.00 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 11.10 8.3 7.50 8.15 12.00 12.01 15.00 - - - - - - - Maids and housemen.......................................... 6.03 1.5 5.25 5.30 5.75 6.69 7.45 - - - - - - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 7.75 3.3 5.51 6.41 7.49 8.45 10.24 5.46 1.6 5.05 5.15 5.25 5.50 6.25 Personal service occupations.................................. 9.34 10.4 7.00 7.37 9.63 11.00 12.58 6.47 2.9 5.25 5.51 6.00 6.63 7.69 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings(1) and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only(2), all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All industries Occupation(3) Mean Weekly earnings Mean Annual earnings weekly annual hours(4) hours Mean RSE Median Mean Median All occupations....................................................... 40.2 $651 2.3% $562 2,043 $33,065 $28,787 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 40.2 654 2.3 562 2,038 33,200 29,016 White-collar occupations............................................ 40.2 740 2.7 639 2,038 37,519 32,195 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 40.1 756 2.8 651 2,031 38,255 32,994 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 40.4 881 4.0 803 1,993 43,482 40,518 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 40.5 956 4.2 878 1,971 46,517 42,497 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 39.9 1,060 6.6 1,058 2,077 55,119 54,995 Mechanical engineers........................................ 40.4 1,182 1.0 1,179 2,101 61,488 61,308 Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 40.0 1,061 10.0 1,025 2,080 55,183 53,310 Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 40.6 1,039 7.9 956 2,109 54,014 49,691 Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 40.9 1,062 9.6 1,028 2,125 55,203 53,477 Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 39.0 907 6.5 913 2,030 47,185 47,466 Natural scientists............................................ 40.0 842 6.4 858 2,082 43,786 44,637 Health related occupations.................................... 39.7 806 3.3 782 2,025 41,124 40,373 Registered nurses........................................... 39.8 744 3.0 744 2,071 38,713 38,670 Teachers, college and university.............................. 47.9 1,594 8.9 1,687 2,057 68,509 66,204 Teachers, except college and university....................... 37.9 829 3.7 820 1,607 35,148 34,423 Elementary school teachers.................................. 38.3 874 1.2 844 1,583 36,162 34,574 Secondary school teachers................................... 38.6 889 3.2 889 1,616 37,244 36,196 Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 38.2 755 2.7 744 1,792 35,421 34,145 Librarians.................................................. 38.2 755 2.7 744 1,792 35,421 34,145 Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... 39.7 567 5.2 575 2,065 29,500 29,910 Social workers.............................................. 39.7 561 5.6 562 2,065 29,172 29,203 Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - - - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 39.9 675 8.6 639 2,073 35,080 33,238 Technical occupations........................................... 40.0 612 4.5 559 2,078 31,847 29,078 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 40.0 681 13.2 676 2,080 35,437 35,152 Radiological technicians.................................... 40.0 648 2.5 639 2,080 33,719 33,238 Licensed practical nurses................................... 40.0 478 1.7 475 2,080 24,848 24,690 Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 40.0 475 9.8 486 2,080 24,690 25,251 Computer programmers........................................ 40.2 795 6.3 769 2,091 41,362 39,998 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 40.8 1,003 4.0 871 2,109 51,780 45,302 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 41.8 1,202 4.6 1,096 2,150 61,839 56,966 Administrators and officials, public administration......... 39.7 993 10.8 952 2,066 51,656 49,525 Financial managers.......................................... 44.4 1,144 9.7 984 2,307 59,465 51,147 Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 44.7 1,037 10.5 1,096 2,325 53,938 56,966 Administrators, education and related fields................ 39.6 1,037 10.3 935 1,992 52,146 45,758 Managers, medicine and health............................... 39.8 917 9.1 923 2,070 47,676 48,006 Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 41.5 1,336 7.4 1,222 2,159 69,455 63,551 Management related occupations................................ 39.6 755 6.4 675 2,057 39,194 35,110 Accountants and auditors.................................... 40.0 801 4.4 740 2,080 41,675 38,501 Other financial officers.................................... 39.3 662 7.1 615 2,045 34,420 31,990 Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 40.0 $1,148 18.2% $1,494 2,080 $59,683 $77,709 Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 39.2 674 8.6 646 2,022 34,799 33,404 Sales occupations................................................. 40.7 600 9.3 469 2,106 31,040 24,378 Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 42.2 771 11.1 716 2,194 40,109 37,232 Insurance sales occupations................................. 40.5 1,032 7.5 810 2,107 53,652 42,140 Sales occupations, other business services.................. 40.0 456 11.2 429 2,080 23,735 22,318 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 41.2 1,121 25.6 1,081 2,141 58,300 56,219 Cashiers.................................................... 36.5 249 8.4 240 1,813 12,340 12,480 Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 39.4 462 2.3 442 2,027 23,745 22,880 Supervisors, general office................................. 39.6 584 2.4 606 2,058 30,363 31,493 Computer operators.......................................... 40.0 436 12.9 400 2,080 22,695 20,800 Secretaries................................................. 39.6 504 2.8 514 2,044 26,016 26,749 Receptionists............................................... 39.9 381 2.9 379 2,073 19,787 19,718 Order clerks................................................ 39.5 566 4.7 523 2,055 29,434 27,206 Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 39.4 452 4.3 448 2,048 23,513 23,296 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 39.3 432 4.1 421 2,045 22,444 21,882 Dispatchers................................................. 41.6 540 12.1 451 2,163 28,079 23,462 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 39.8 335 10.2 300 2,071 17,409 15,600 Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 40.0 360 3.1 360 2,080 18,718 18,720 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 38.8 669 21.6 581 2,017 34,800 30,225 Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 39.2 442 4.9 460 2,040 23,005 23,927 Bill and account collectors................................. 39.7 461 8.7 481 2,063 23,947 25,002 General office clerks....................................... 39.7 419 4.9 394 2,062 21,771 20,467 Data entry keyers........................................... 38.7 374 3.3 385 2,012 19,423 20,007 Teachers' aides............................................. 34.8 333 3.4 328 1,426 13,667 13,443 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 39.3 492 3.1 490 2,008 25,151 25,276 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 40.3 563 2.4 530 2,056 28,717 27,394 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 40.2 660 3.2 645 2,074 34,082 33,280 Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 39.8 859 12.1 872 2,071 44,647 45,323 Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 41.0 591 5.2 576 2,130 30,706 29,952 Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 40.1 798 8.1 850 2,084 41,491 44,200 Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 40.0 552 4.2 588 2,078 28,690 30,576 Electricians................................................ 40.0 677 6.3 730 2,080 35,190 37,960 Supervisors, production occupations......................... 40.4 971 6.2 912 2,101 50,484 47,445 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 39.9 560 3.1 530 2,077 29,106 27,560 Printing press operators.................................... 39.1 586 7.4 624 2,032 30,486 32,469 Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 40.0 484 11.1 520 2,080 25,148 27,061 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 40.0 677 5.2 711 2,080 35,226 36,962 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 39.8 511 9.5 444 2,069 26,592 23,088 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 41.4 491 5.2 477 1,961 23,284 23,400 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 44.8 611 10.1 562 2,327 31,775 29,224 Truck drivers............................................... 43.3 477 7.7 412 2,051 22,588 20,800 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 40.4 549 7.7 506 2,102 28,548 26,333 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 40.2 440 4.9 400 2,065 22,596 20,550 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 40.9 $542 10.2% $480 2,127 $28,171 $24,960 Production helpers.......................................... 39.6 411 11.2 412 2,061 21,363 21,403 Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 40.0 502 12.7 468 2,080 26,112 24,357 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 39.8 455 7.3 474 2,069 23,659 24,648 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 41.3 382 19.4 280 2,149 19,874 14,560 Hand packers and packagers.................................. 40.2 467 1.5 463 2,090 24,258 24,086 Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 40.0 391 7.6 350 2,025 19,804 18,200 Service occupations................................................. 39.9 386 3.6 330 2,033 19,658 16,952 Protective service occupations................................ 41.0 553 6.5 525 2,040 27,515 26,146 Police and detectives, public service....................... 39.2 613 3.8 584 2,036 31,815 30,368 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 40.0 519 0.2 481 2,080 26,975 25,002 Food service occupations...................................... 39.4 293 8.5 286 1,969 14,640 14,269 Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 40.0 317 5.4 306 2,080 16,496 15,912 Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 35.0 267 8.6 260 1,512 11,519 9,959 Health service occupations.................................... 39.4 304 4.4 295 2,050 15,783 15,330 Health aides, except nursing................................ 40.0 342 3.3 349 2,080 17,765 18,158 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 39.3 294 5.1 282 2,043 15,289 14,685 Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 39.7 309 3.8 294 2,052 15,956 15,246 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 39.9 443 8.3 480 2,073 23,015 24,960 Maids and housemen.......................................... 38.6 233 3.4 230 2,006 12,108 11,960 Janitors and cleaners....................................... 40.0 310 3.3 300 2,062 15,972 15,392 Personal service occupations.................................. 39.4 368 10.9 385 2,048 19,118 20,030 1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and levels(2), all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers (4) All industries Occupational group(3) and level All industries Private industry State and local Full-time workers Part-time workers government Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE All occupations....................................................... $15.27 2.1% $14.74 2.4% $16.62 4.3% $16.19 2.1% $8.11 5.6% All occupations excluding sales..................................... 15.45 2.2 14.94 2.4 16.62 4.3 16.29 2.2 8.37 6.2 White-collar occupations............................................ 17.60 2.6 17.25 3.0 18.25 4.8 18.41 2.5 10.07 7.0 Level 1................................................... 6.06 3.0 6.06 3.0 - - - - 6.03 3.3 Level 2................................................... 7.59 4.5 7.49 5.8 7.86 5.3 8.31 6.0 6.50 4.8 Level 3................................................... 8.58 2.4 8.43 2.9 9.21 1.8 8.83 3.0 7.88 6.0 Level 4................................................... 10.34 3.4 10.22 4.1 10.83 3.3 10.76 3.1 7.58 4.5 Level 5................................................... 13.06 3.8 13.92 5.8 11.96 2.7 13.14 3.9 11.21 4.5 Level 6................................................... 13.64 2.2 13.57 3.3 13.75 2.2 13.64 2.1 13.65 9.0 Level 7................................................... 15.18 3.3 16.24 3.2 13.46 3.5 15.13 3.4 17.21 5.4 Level 8................................................... 17.84 2.8 17.54 4.1 18.49 2.3 17.87 3.0 17.55 0.8 Level 9................................................... 21.54 1.5 21.76 2.3 21.30 1.8 21.49 1.5 23.31 13.0 Level 10.................................................. 22.85 2.6 22.97 3.6 22.61 3.1 22.85 2.6 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.45 3.7 28.70 2.5 23.05 4.8 26.36 3.7 - - Level 12.................................................. 32.57 4.8 34.60 5.1 30.35 6.8 32.57 4.8 - - Level 13.................................................. 36.52 3.5 39.43 5.4 - - 36.52 3.5 - - Not able to be leveled.................................... 26.53 10.2 28.59 11.0 - - 28.46 10.0 7.76 5.0 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 18.23 2.6 18.21 2.9 18.27 4.8 18.84 2.5 11.36 7.6 Level 2................................................... 8.17 4.5 8.40 6.1 7.74 5.7 8.79 5.7 7.00 4.4 Level 3................................................... 8.85 2.0 8.74 2.5 9.21 1.8 9.03 2.3 8.24 5.8 Level 4................................................... 10.89 3.0 10.91 3.9 10.83 3.3 11.23 3.0 8.15 5.6 Level 5................................................... 12.45 2.0 12.98 3.0 11.96 2.7 12.49 2.1 11.62 4.5 Level 6................................................... 13.87 2.2 13.96 3.3 13.75 2.2 13.91 2.1 13.65 9.0 Level 7................................................... 14.95 2.6 15.94 1.7 13.46 3.5 14.89 2.6 17.21 5.4 Level 8................................................... 18.04 3.0 17.75 5.0 18.49 2.3 18.11 3.3 17.55 0.8 Level 9................................................... 21.54 1.5 21.79 2.5 21.30 1.8 21.50 1.5 23.31 13.0 Level 10.................................................. 22.84 2.7 22.96 3.8 22.61 3.1 22.84 2.8 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.44 3.8 28.73 2.5 23.05 4.8 26.36 3.8 - - Level 12.................................................. 31.42 4.5 32.61 4.9 30.35 6.8 31.42 4.5 - - Level 13.................................................. 36.52 3.5 39.43 5.4 - - 36.52 3.5 - - Not able to be leveled.................................... 26.58 10.2 28.66 11.0 - - 28.46 10.0 7.77 5.2 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.60 3.4 21.22 3.3 21.92 5.5 21.82 3.5 18.00 7.6 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.38 3.3 23.48 3.5 23.30 5.2 23.60 3.4 19.71 7.3 Level 5................................................... 13.54 5.6 - - - - 13.88 4.6 - - Level 6................................................... 14.47 8.9 - - - - 13.93 9.3 - - Level 7................................................... 17.29 2.4 17.76 2.5 14.64 5.3 17.20 2.6 18.21 4.7 Level 8................................................... 19.16 3.6 20.59 7.1 18.55 2.4 19.57 4.2 - - Level 9................................................... 21.58 1.7 21.47 3.0 21.62 2.1 21.51 1.6 23.31 13.0 Level 10.................................................. 22.68 3.4 23.17 5.0 21.81 1.5 22.68 3.5 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.11 6.1 29.69 3.7 22.95 6.4 25.94 6.1 - - Level 12.................................................. 30.90 7.0 33.93 2.5 - - 30.90 7.0 - - Level 13.................................................. 35.99 3.5 - - - - 35.99 3.5 - - Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.83 17.7 26.53 21.2 - - 26.14 17.7 - - Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... $26.54 6.6% $28.48 4.6% - - $26.54 6.6% - - Level 9................................................... 21.62 4.1 23.21 5.6 - - 21.62 4.1 - - Level 11.................................................. 31.84 4.1 31.84 4.1 - - 31.84 4.1 - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 24.63 8.0 27.34 7.6 - - 25.61 8.0 - - Level 9................................................... 18.31 3.9 18.31 3.9 - - 18.31 3.9 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.62 3.7 26.91 4.0 - - 26.62 3.7 - - Natural scientists............................................ 21.03 6.2 22.62 8.7 - - 21.03 6.2 - - Health related occupations.................................... 20.74 3.2 19.68 3.2 $22.65 5.8% 20.31 3.4 $23.89 9.7% Level 7................................................... 17.87 2.9 17.89 2.9 - - 17.69 3.2 19.31 2.7 Level 8................................................... 18.58 3.3 18.80 3.3 - - 18.70 3.7 - - Level 9................................................... 21.12 4.2 21.98 6.8 - - 20.55 3.7 24.40 15.5 Teachers, college and university.............................. 32.85 7.3 - - - - 33.31 7.2 - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 21.76 4.0 11.29 11.4 22.85 1.7 21.87 4.1 - - Level 8................................................... 20.85 2.5 - - - - 20.85 2.5 - - Level 9................................................... 22.85 1.9 - - 23.03 1.9 22.86 1.8 - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 19.58 2.6 - - 19.93 2.4 19.77 2.5 - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - - - - Social, religious, and recreation workers..................... 14.53 6.1 - - 14.62 7.2 14.28 5.1 - - Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - - - - - - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 16.72 8.5 18.04 7.9 - - 16.92 8.6 - - Technical occupations........................................... 15.09 4.4 15.62 4.5 14.26 8.1 15.32 4.5 10.59 11.7 Level 4................................................... 10.19 4.9 10.68 4.3 - - 10.76 4.3 - - Level 5................................................... 12.24 3.6 12.50 8.9 - - 12.14 3.6 - - Level 6................................................... 17.08 6.3 17.61 6.5 - - 17.22 6.4 - - Level 7................................................... 14.44 4.3 15.26 3.9 13.73 4.3 14.48 4.5 - - Level 9................................................... 18.97 2.7 19.63 4.0 - - 18.97 2.7 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 24.51 3.7 25.51 3.3 20.82 10.7 24.55 3.7 - - Level 5................................................... 14.21 7.3 14.34 7.5 - - 14.21 7.3 - - Level 6................................................... 13.41 6.2 13.40 6.4 - - 13.54 6.7 - - Level 7................................................... 14.38 5.8 15.07 2.8 13.45 9.7 14.38 5.8 - - Level 8................................................... 15.90 3.9 15.90 3.9 - - 15.90 3.9 - - Level 9................................................... 22.06 3.4 22.36 3.8 19.83 4.2 22.06 3.4 - - Level 10.................................................. 21.62 4.1 - - - - 21.62 4.1 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.62 4.7 27.99 3.2 23.25 6.9 26.62 4.7 - - Level 12.................................................. 31.98 5.0 32.13 6.8 - - 31.98 5.0 - - Level 13.................................................. 37.81 8.1 42.71 5.7 - - 37.81 8.1 - - Not able to be leveled.................................... 31.02 7.8 32.06 7.4 - - 31.15 7.8 - - Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 28.66 4.1 29.74 4.3 24.85 7.3 28.76 4.1 - - Level 8................................................... 15.29 3.0 15.29 3.0 - - 15.29 3.0 - - Level 9................................................... 25.12 5.5 25.88 5.9 - - 25.12 5.5 - - Level 11.................................................. 27.02 5.7 29.11 2.7 23.16 6.9 27.02 5.7 - - Level 12.................................................. 30.22 4.1 29.50 6.0 - - 30.22 4.1 - - Level 13.................................................. 37.81 8.1 42.71 5.7 - - 37.81 8.1 - - Not able to be leveled.................................... 31.83 8.8 - - - - - - - - Management related occupations................................ $19.06 6.4% $20.08 5.7% $14.96 12.3% $19.06 6.4% - - Level 5................................................... 13.72 8.0 13.84 8.2 - - 13.72 8.0 - - Level 6................................................... 14.39 5.3 14.42 5.5 - - 14.39 5.3 - - Level 7................................................... 14.27 6.3 15.39 2.7 12.87 7.9 14.27 6.3 - - Level 8................................................... 16.68 7.8 16.68 7.8 - - 16.68 7.8 - - Level 9................................................... 19.49 2.4 19.32 2.6 - - 19.49 2.4 - - Level 11.................................................. 25.05 6.6 25.00 6.8 - - 25.05 6.6 - - Sales occupations................................................. 13.00 9.2 13.01 9.2 - - 14.74 9.4 $6.38 3.0% Level 1................................................... 5.94 3.1 5.94 3.1 - - - - 5.89 2.8 Level 2................................................... 6.20 4.9 5.99 4.3 - - 6.77 10.0 - - Level 3................................................... 7.13 4.3 7.13 4.3 - - 7.30 7.4 6.91 2.0 Level 4................................................... 8.67 6.8 8.67 6.8 - - 9.18 7.4 - - Level 5................................................... 16.23 15.7 16.23 15.7 - - 16.55 15.8 - - Level 7................................................... 19.92 21.3 19.92 21.3 - - 19.92 21.3 - - Level 8................................................... 17.03 7.3 17.03 7.3 - - 17.03 7.3 - - Level 9................................................... 21.41 4.6 21.41 4.6 - - 21.41 4.6 - - Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 11.27 2.3 11.20 3.0 11.39 3.2 11.71 2.2 8.75 8.5 Level 2................................................... 8.17 4.5 8.40 6.1 7.74 5.7 8.79 5.7 7.00 4.4 Level 3................................................... 8.85 2.0 8.74 2.5 9.21 1.8 9.02 2.3 8.27 5.8 Level 4................................................... 10.94 3.2 10.92 4.1 10.98 3.3 11.26 3.1 8.10 6.4 Level 5................................................... 12.15 2.5 12.67 3.5 11.69 3.2 12.19 2.6 - - Level 6................................................... 13.40 2.1 13.16 3.3 - - 13.40 1.3 - - Level 7................................................... 13.86 3.8 14.76 3.7 - - 13.86 3.8 - - Level 8................................................... 19.97 10.1 20.34 10.0 - - 19.97 10.1 - - Blue-collar occupations............................................... 13.62 2.4 13.73 2.5 12.35 5.6 13.97 2.4 6.92 4.1 Level 1................................................... 7.49 4.5 7.48 4.8 - - 7.75 4.8 - - Level 2................................................... 9.11 6.2 9.12 6.5 - - 10.19 6.9 6.26 5.1 Level 3................................................... 10.77 5.2 10.76 5.3 - - 11.01 5.6 8.30 9.6 Level 4................................................... 12.39 4.2 12.50 4.5 - - 12.45 4.2 - - Level 5................................................... 13.67 4.1 13.73 4.1 - - 13.70 4.1 - - Level 6................................................... 14.74 3.2 15.17 3.6 11.93 4.3 14.74 3.2 - - Level 7................................................... 16.67 2.8 17.07 3.0 14.69 1.8 16.67 2.8 - - Level 8................................................... 18.18 6.0 18.32 6.4 - - 18.18 6.0 - - Level 9................................................... 25.76 4.6 25.76 4.6 - - 25.76 4.6 - - Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.43 3.2 16.76 3.5 14.02 3.5 16.43 3.2 - - Level 4................................................... 10.47 5.8 10.47 5.8 - - 10.47 5.8 - - Level 5................................................... 12.36 3.8 12.52 3.8 - - 12.36 3.8 - - Level 6................................................... 14.63 6.7 15.36 8.7 - - 14.63 6.7 - - Level 7................................................... 17.15 3.1 17.74 3.1 14.66 1.9 17.15 3.1 - - Level 8................................................... 18.69 6.6 18.87 7.1 - - 18.69 6.6 - - Level 9................................................... 25.31 5.2 25.31 5.2 - - 25.31 5.2 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 3.1 14.01 3.1 - - 14.01 3.1 - - Level 1................................................... 6.89 6.6 6.89 6.6 - - 6.89 6.6 - - Level 2................................................... 9.70 7.9 9.70 7.9 - - 9.75 7.8 - - Level 3................................................... $13.65 6.3% $13.65 6.3% - - $13.65 6.3% - - Level 4................................................... 14.61 6.7 14.61 6.7 - - 14.61 6.7 - - Level 5................................................... 15.79 6.4 15.79 6.4 - - 15.79 6.4 - - Level 6................................................... 15.44 4.1 15.44 4.1 - - 15.44 4.1 - - Level 7................................................... 14.28 4.8 14.28 4.8 - - 14.28 4.8 - - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.71 3.9 11.87 4.4 $10.57 4.6% 11.87 4.1 $9.25 9.1% Level 3................................................... 9.72 5.4 9.52 4.9 - - 9.52 4.9 - - Level 4................................................... 12.56 8.8 13.09 11.2 - - 12.75 8.9 - - Level 5................................................... 11.74 5.5 11.76 5.7 - - 11.79 5.6 - - Level 7................................................... 14.42 6.4 14.42 6.4 - - 14.42 6.4 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.............. 10.20 4.3 10.21 4.7 10.09 5.7 10.94 4.8 6.41 3.9 Level 1................................................... 7.85 6.7 7.86 7.5 - - 8.49 6.9 - - Level 2................................................... 9.14 8.4 9.14 8.4 - - 10.75 10.0 6.00 6.2 Level 3................................................... 9.35 6.4 9.35 6.5 - - 9.67 7.4 7.65 8.3 Level 4................................................... 10.11 4.4 10.13 4.5 - - 10.15 4.4 - - Level 5................................................... 15.11 13.1 15.11 13.1 - - 15.11 13.1 - - Level 6................................................... 13.45 3.0 - - - - 13.45 3.0 - - Service occupations................................................. 8.51 3.5 6.76 2.9 11.63 4.6 9.67 3.5 5.83 3.1 Level 1................................................... 5.80 4.5 5.60 5.1 6.94 3.3 6.25 6.1 5.38 4.5 Level 2................................................... 6.12 5.6 5.81 6.3 - - 6.97 4.3 4.89 8.1 Level 3................................................... 7.77 2.9 7.33 4.2 8.55 1.8 8.24 2.1 6.96 5.9 Level 4................................................... 8.00 5.4 7.86 5.9 - - 7.95 6.4 8.19 7.3 Level 5................................................... 12.98 5.9 - - 13.63 5.5 13.17 5.8 - - Level 6................................................... 12.17 3.9 - - 12.26 4.3 12.19 3.8 - - Level 7................................................... 13.67 6.3 13.30 3.8 13.80 8.7 13.66 6.4 - - Protective service occupations.............................. 13.29 6.2 8.54 5.2 15.00 6.4 13.49 6.2 7.26 6.7 Level 5................................................... 14.39 4.3 - - 14.52 4.3 14.39 4.3 - - Level 6................................................... 12.46 4.6 - - 12.26 4.3 12.46 4.6 - - Level 7................................................... 16.11 4.9 - - 16.12 5.0 16.12 5.0 - - Food service occupations..................................... 6.39 5.8 6.27 6.1 - - 7.43 8.5 5.47 5.9 Level 1................................................... 5.58 8.2 5.45 9.1 - - 5.85 12.8 5.40 7.7 Level 2................................................... 4.64 10.4 4.39 9.2 - - 5.84 13.6 3.73 11.7 Level 3................................................... 8.00 3.9 7.97 4.7 - - - - 7.81 6.2 Health service occupations.................................. $7.13 4.0% $6.89 4.2% - - $7.70 4.5% $6.18 5.2% Level 2................................................... 5.80 3.0 5.80 3.0 - - - - - - Level 3................................................... 7.67 5.4 7.19 7.7 - - 8.15 3.2 - - Level 4................................................... 7.48 8.4 7.48 8.4 - - 7.25 8.7 - - Cleaning and building service occupations................... 7.20 4.2 6.75 4.7 $8.11 4.2% 7.78 3.9 5.66 1.2 Level 1................................................... 6.17 4.8 5.91 4.7 - - 6.81 3.1 - - Level 2................................................... 6.87 4.8 6.11 2.4 - - 7.02 5.3 - - Level 3................................................... 6.77 7.8 6.77 7.8 - - - - - - Personal service occupations................................ 8.58 10.1 6.62 3.3 9.90 10.8 9.34 10.4 6.47 2.9 Level 3................................................... 8.04 4.3 6.89 3.2 - - - - 6.42 2.1 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations and levels(2), all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers(4) All industries Occupation(3) and level All industries Private industry State and local Full-time workers Part-time workers government Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE Mean RSE White-collar occupations: Professional specialty and technical occupations: Professional specialty occupations: Mechanical engineers........................................ $29.27 1.0% $29.27 1.0% - - $29.27 1.0% - - Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 26.53 10.0 26.53 10.0 - - 26.53 10.0 - - Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 24.78 9.4 28.01 8.9 - - 25.98 9.5 - - Level 11.................................................. 26.62 3.7 26.91 4.0 - - 26.62 3.7 - - Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 23.24 7.2 - - - - 23.24 7.2 - - Registered nurses........................................... 18.84 2.9 18.35 2.8 - - 18.69 3.0 $19.89 9.2% Level 7................................................... 17.87 2.9 17.89 2.9 - - 17.69 3.2 19.31 2.7 Level 8................................................... 18.90 3.3 18.86 3.6 - - 18.91 3.6 - - Level 9................................................... 19.03 4.4 19.94 10.9 - - 18.66 2.4 - - Physical therapists......................................... 25.46 8.5 - - - - - - - - Level 9................................................... 25.46 8.5 - - - - - - - - Elementary school teachers.................................. 22.79 1.9 - - $23.06 1.8% 22.84 1.8 - - Level 9................................................... 23.12 2.1 - - 23.20 2.0 23.12 2.1 - - Secondary school teachers................................... 23.02 3.7 - - 23.16 3.7 23.05 3.7 - - Level 9................................................... 23.05 4.9 - - - - 23.10 4.9 - - Librarians.................................................. 19.58 2.6 - - 19.93 2.4 19.77 2.5 - - Social workers.............................................. 14.41 6.4 - - 14.62 7.2 14.13 5.5 - - Technical occupations: Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 17.04 13.2 12.46 10.3 - - 17.04 13.2 - - Radiological technicians.................................... 16.14 2.4 16.02 2.5 - - 16.21 2.5 - - Licensed practical nurses................................... 12.01 1.6 11.95 1.7 - - 11.95 1.7 - - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 11.91 9.4 11.06 11.0 - - 11.87 9.8 - - Computer programmers........................................ 19.78 6.9 20.30 6.8 - - 19.78 6.9 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: Administrators and officials, public administration......... 25.00 11.0 - - 25.60 12.0 25.00 11.0 - - Financial managers.......................................... 25.77 6.6 25.77 6.6 - - 25.77 6.6 - - Level 11.................................................. 27.32 5.1 27.32 5.1 - - 27.32 5.1 - - Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 23.20 8.3 23.20 8.3 - - 23.20 8.3 - - Administrators, education and related fields................ 26.17 10.6 - - 25.57 10.3 26.17 10.6 - - Managers, medicine and health............................... 23.04 9.3 22.56 10.8 - - 23.04 9.3 - - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 31.91 6.5 32.27 6.5 - - 32.17 6.5 - - Level 8................................................... 15.55 4.1 15.55 4.1 - - 15.55 4.1 - - Level 9................................................... 26.28 5.7 26.97 6.0 - - 26.28 5.7 - - Level 11.................................................. 29.52 4.4 29.52 4.4 - - 29.52 4.4 - - Level 13.................................................. 43.96 5.7 43.96 5.7 - - 43.96 5.7 - - Accountants and auditors.................................... 20.03 4.6 20.37 5.2 17.82 8.1 20.03 4.6 - - Level 7................................................... 15.97 1.6 16.21 2.1 - - 15.97 1.6 - - Level 9................................................... 20.42 4.4 20.81 4.8 - - 20.42 4.4 - - Level 11.................................................. 24.51 7.0 24.42 7.2 - - 24.51 7.0 - - Other financial officers.................................... 16.83 6.3 15.04 6.8 - - 16.83 6.3 - - Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 28.70 18.2 28.70 18.2 - - 28.70 18.2 - - Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 17.21 7.1 17.35 7.2 - - 17.21 7.1 - - Level 9................................................... $18.71 3.4% $18.71 3.4% - - $18.71 3.4% - - Sales occupations: Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 18.20 11.5 18.20 11.5 - - 18.28 11.5 - - Level 8................................................... 15.88 7.8 15.88 7.8 - - 15.88 7.8 - - Insurance sales occupations................................. 25.46 5.6 25.46 5.6 - - 25.46 5.6 - - Sales occupations, other business services.................. 11.41 11.2 11.41 11.2 - - 11.41 11.2 - - Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 27.22 30.5 27.22 30.5 - - 27.22 30.5 - - Sales workers, other commodities............................ - - - - - - - - $7.04 3.5% Cashiers.................................................... 6.32 4.0 6.23 4.0 - - 6.81 7.4 5.95 2.3 Level 3................................................... 6.91 5.6 6.91 5.6 - - - - - - Sales support occupations, N.E.C............................ 13.76 22.5 13.76 22.5 - - - - - - Administrative support occupations, including clerical: Supervisors, general office................................. 14.76 3.1 14.68 3.9 - - 14.76 3.1 - - Computer operators.......................................... 10.91 12.9 - - - - 10.91 12.9 - - Secretaries................................................. 12.62 3.1 12.15 4.9 $12.92 3.5% 12.73 2.7 12.04 16.0 Level 3................................................... 8.41 5.5 - - - - - - - - Level 4................................................... 11.27 4.8 10.70 5.3 - - 11.53 4.7 - - Level 5................................................... 12.47 5.3 - - - - 12.47 5.3 - - Level 6................................................... 14.00 2.1 - - - - 13.78 1.6 - - Receptionists............................................... 9.55 2.6 9.55 2.6 - - 9.54 2.8 - - Level 3................................................... 9.52 4.5 9.52 4.5 - - 9.29 4.9 - - Information clerks, N.E.C................................... 9.89 14.0 9.89 14.0 - - - - - - Order clerks................................................ 12.57 9.8 12.57 9.8 - - 14.33 4.2 - - Library clerks.............................................. 7.39 18.0 - - - - - - - - Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 11.41 4.0 11.19 3.9 - - 11.48 3.8 - - Level 4................................................... 9.79 2.0 - - - - 9.83 2.3 - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 10.81 4.1 10.28 3.8 11.62 6.6 10.97 4.1 - - Level 4................................................... 9.63 4.3 9.63 4.3 - - 9.87 4.4 - - Dispatchers................................................. 12.94 9.1 - - - - 12.98 9.4 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 8.19 9.2 8.19 9.2 - - 8.41 10.3 - - Level 3................................................... 6.88 4.8 6.88 4.8 - - - - - - Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 8.97 3.1 8.75 2.2 - - 9.00 3.1 - - Level 3................................................... 8.52 2.5 - - - - - - - - Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 17.25 19.3 17.25 19.3 - - 17.25 19.3 - - Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 11.28 4.5 11.02 5.2 - - 11.28 4.5 - - Bill and account collectors................................. 11.61 9.1 11.35 14.3 - - 11.61 9.1 - - General office clerks....................................... 10.10 4.6 10.48 8.0 9.78 3.8 10.56 4.9 7.93 9.2 Level 2................................................... 8.82 12.3 9.64 17.0 - - - - - - Level 3................................................... 9.06 1.5 9.03 3.8 - - 9.20 1.0 - - Level 4................................................... 10.86 7.9 11.33 13.4 - - 11.83 6.4 - - Data entry keyers........................................... 9.12 4.3 9.12 4.3 - - 9.65 3.6 7.34 4.6 Level 2................................................... 8.12 3.2 8.12 3.2 - - - - - - Teachers' aides............................................. 9.69 3.4 - - 9.78 3.4 9.59 3.4 - - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 11.46 5.4 11.78 7.5 11.06 7.7 12.53 3.6 6.78 5.3 Level 6................................................... 13.58 2.1 13.58 2.1 - - 13.58 2.1 - - Blue-collar occupations: Precision production, craft, and repair occupations: Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ $21.56 12.0% $21.96 12.6% - - $21.56 12.0% - - Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 14.42 5.0 14.81 4.0 - - 14.42 5.0 - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 19.91 8.1 20.00 8.2 - - 19.91 8.1 - - Level 7................................................... 22.27 5.2 22.27 5.2 - - 22.27 5.2 - - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 13.80 4.2 13.79 4.9 - - 13.80 4.2 - - Level 7................................................... 15.82 3.6 - - - - 15.82 3.6 - - Electricians................................................ 16.92 6.3 - - - - 16.92 6.3 - - Level 7................................................... 16.92 6.3 - - - - 16.92 6.3 - - Supervisors, production occupations......................... 24.02 6.3 24.02 6.3 - - 24.02 6.3 - - Level 7................................................... 16.91 9.5 16.91 9.5 - - 16.91 9.5 - - Level 9................................................... 25.90 9.3 25.90 9.3 - - 25.90 9.3 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: Printing press operators.................................... 15.01 6.8 15.01 6.8 - - 15.01 6.8 - - Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 12.09 11.1 12.09 11.1 - - 12.09 11.1 - - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 16.94 5.2 16.94 5.2 - - 16.94 5.2 - - Level 4................................................... 17.75 5.1 17.75 5.1 - - 17.75 5.1 - - Level 5................................................... 18.80 8.1 18.80 8.1 - - 18.80 8.1 - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 12.85 9.5 12.85 9.5 - - 12.85 9.5 - - Transportation and material moving occupations: Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 13.65 9.6 13.65 9.6 - - 13.65 9.6 - - Truck drivers............................................... 10.93 4.8 10.87 5.2 - - 11.01 4.9 - - Level 5................................................... 11.15 5.7 11.14 5.8 - - 11.20 5.8 - - Bus drivers................................................. 12.53 10.9 - - - - - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 13.58 7.7 13.58 7.7 - - 13.58 7.7 - - Level 3................................................... 12.11 4.9 12.11 4.9 - - 12.11 4.9 - - Level 4................................................... 14.26 12.2 14.26 12.2 - - 14.26 12.2 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 13.25 10.3 15.63 15.4 - - 13.25 10.3 - - Production helpers.......................................... 10.37 11.3 10.37 11.3 - - 10.37 11.3 - - Level 2................................................... 11.61 10.7 11.61 10.7 - - 11.61 10.7 - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 9.20 11.4 9.20 11.4 - - 12.55 12.7 $5.94 2.8% Level 3................................................... 8.44 5.1 8.44 5.1 - - 9.52 6.3 6.80 3.5 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 11.21 7.9 11.21 7.9 - - 11.43 7.2 9.51 25.0 Level 1................................................... 6.33 7.2 6.33 7.2 - - - - - - Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 9.01 19.5 9.01 19.5 - - 9.25 20.2 - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.87 5.5 9.87 5.5 - - 11.61 1.4 - - Level 3................................................... 10.79 5.4 10.79 5.4 - - - - - - Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 9.38 7.0 9.38 7.0 - - 9.78 7.6 - - Level 1................................................... 8.74 10.0 8.74 10.0 - - 8.84 10.2 - - Level 2................................................... 11.22 19.8 11.22 19.8 - - - - - - Level 3................................................... 8.78 6.4 8.78 6.4 - - 8.98 7.0 - - Service occupations: Protective service occupations: Police and detectives, public service....................... $15.63 3.7% - - $15.63 3.8% $15.63 3.8% - - Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 12.97 0.2 - - 12.97 0.2 12.97 0.2 - - Level 6................................................... 12.97 0.2 - - 12.97 0.2 12.97 0.2 - - Food service occupations: Waiters and waitresses...................................... 4.37 20.5 $4.37 20.5% - - - - $3.78 23.3% Level 1................................................... 5.48 23.1 5.48 23.1 - - - - - - Cooks....................................................... 9.56 9.8 9.62 10.1 - - - - - - Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 7.34 4.8 7.18 5.3 - - 7.93 5.4 6.55 4.5 Level 3................................................... 7.53 4.2 - - - - - - - - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 6.48 8.4 6.22 9.5 - - 7.62 6.8 5.82 7.2 Level 1................................................... 5.72 5.2 - - - - - - - - Health service occupations: Health aides, except nursing................................ 8.97 4.2 8.97 4.2 - - 8.54 3.3 - - Level 4................................................... 9.58 6.0 9.58 6.0 - - - - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 6.82 4.1 6.45 4.0 - - 7.48 5.1 5.88 3.9 Level 2................................................... 5.79 3.1 5.79 3.1 - - - - - - Level 3................................................... 7.71 5.7 7.22 8.3 - - 8.24 3.3 - - Level 4................................................... 6.46 4.4 6.46 4.4 - - - - - - Cleaning and building service occupations: Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 10.16 8.3 10.16 8.3 - - 11.10 8.3 - - Maids and housemen.......................................... 6.01 1.3 6.01 1.3 - - 6.03 1.5 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 7.02 4.9 6.10 4.5 8.11 4.2 7.75 3.3 5.46 1.6 Level 1................................................... 6.22 5.6 5.93 5.6 - - 7.01 3.3 - - Level 2................................................... 7.28 4.8 - - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Full-time Part-time Nonunion- Incen- Full-time Part-time Nonunion- Incen- workers(- workers(- Union(4) (4) Time(5) tive(5) workers(- workers(- Union(4) (4) Time(5) tive(5) Occupational group(2) 3) 3) 3) 3) Mean RSE All occupations....................................................... $16.19 $8.11 $16.55 $15.14 $15.28 $14.87 2.1% 5.6% 3.0% 2.4% 2.2% 22.8% All occupations excluding sales..................................... 16.29 8.37 16.55 15.33 15.49 11.49 2.2 6.2 3.0 2.4 2.2 12.6 White-collar occupations............................................ 18.41 10.07 16.05 17.64 17.58 18.72 2.5 7.0 3.7 2.6 2.6 27.3 White-collar excluding sales...................................... 18.84 11.36 16.05 18.29 18.22 - 2.5 7.6 3.7 2.6 2.6 - Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.82 18.00 - 21.61 21.58 - 3.5 7.6 - 3.4 3.4 - Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.60 19.71 - 23.38 23.36 - 3.4 7.3 - 3.3 3.4 - Technical occupations........................................... 15.32 10.59 - 14.90 15.09 - 4.5 11.7 - 4.4 4.4 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 24.55 - - 24.53 24.52 - 3.7 - - 3.7 3.7 - Sales occupations................................................. 14.74 6.38 - 13.00 12.25 18.02 9.4 3.0 - 9.2 8.5 31.0 Administrative support including clerical occupations............. 11.71 8.75 15.24 11.05 11.27 - 2.2 8.5 3.0 2.3 2.3 - Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.97 6.92 16.68 12.26 13.72 10.08 2.4 4.1 3.3 3.0 2.4 5.1 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.43 - 19.35 15.29 16.54 - 3.2 - 3.3 3.9 3.2 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 - 16.05 11.76 14.01 - 3.1 - 4.5 4.8 3.1 - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.87 9.25 14.50 10.83 11.89 10.34 4.1 9.1 6.9 3.4 4.2 4.5 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.............. 10.94 6.41 14.02 9.36 10.24 - 4.8 3.9 6.4 4.6 4.4 - Service occupations................................................. 9.67 5.83 - 8.51 8.52 - 3.5 3.1 - 3.6 3.6 - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers' wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All All private Goods-producing indust- pri- Goods-producing indust- industries ries(4) Service-producing industries(5) vate ries(4) Service-producing industries(5) indus- tries Trans- Fin- Trans- Fin- Occupational group(3) port- Whole- ance, port- Whole- ance, Con- Manu- ation sale in- Con- Manu- ation sale in- Total Mining struc- fac- Total and and sur- Serv- Total Mining struc- fac- Total and and sur- Serv- tion turing public retail ance, ices tion turing public retail ance, ices Mean util- trade and RSE util- trade and ities real ities real estate estate Mean RSE All occupations....................................................... $14.74 $17.30 - $12.87 - - $18.28 - - - 2.4% 3.9% - 9.6% 4.2% 3.0% 5.0% 7.1% 5.4% 5.0% All occupations excluding sales..................................... 14.94 17.31 - 13.05 - - 18.40 - - - 2.4 3.9 - 9.5 4.2 3.0 5.2 8.5 4.9 5.0 White-collar occupations............................................ 17.25 23.48 - 13.08 - - 20.32 - - - 3.0 5.0 - 15.9 4.8 3.1 5.1 8.8 5.4 4.5 White-collar excluding sales...................................... 18.21 23.95 - 15.09 - - 20.71 - - - 2.9 4.9 - 10.7 4.9 3.0 5.5 14.8 4.8 4.4 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.22 26.52 - - - - - - - - 3.3 5.5 - - 5.4 3.7 - - 7.0 4.1 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.48 28.35 - - - - - - - - 3.5 5.8 - - 5.8 3.7 - - 5.2 4.4 Technical occupations........................................... 15.62 17.31 - - - - 21.01 - - - 4.5 7.8 - - 7.8 5.1 18.9 - 11.0 5.5 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 25.51 30.02 - - - - 26.47 - - - 3.3 6.9 - - 6.4 3.3 5.9 16.1 4.6 5.6 Sales occupations................................................. 13.01 17.06 - - - - - - - - 9.2 19.1 - - 3.8 9.9 - 11.1 15.2 - Administrative support, including clerical occupations............ 11.20 12.53 - - - - 14.63 - - - 3.0 4.7 - - 4.9 3.4 5.0 4.4 6.0 4.4 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.73 15.00 - 12.98 - - 15.45 - - - 2.5 2.7 - 10.7 2.7 4.3 6.1 4.7 - 11.4 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.76 17.41 - 14.13 - - 17.90 - - - 3.5 4.6 - 11.1 5.3 4.1 6.1 7.3 - 4.2 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 14.48 - - - - - - - - 3.1 3.0 - - 3.0 9.2 - - - 10.5 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.87 12.23 - 10.84 - - 12.63 - - - 4.4 7.9 - 10.4 8.6 5.1 8.0 5.4 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.............. 10.21 11.80 - 7.88 - - 16.06 - - - 4.7 4.9 - 1.3 4.9 6.6 6.7 4.5 - 18.1 Service occupations................................................. 6.76 - - - - - - - - - 2.9 - - - - 3.0 - 5.8 - 3.1 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All All private Mean private RSE industry industry workers workers Occupational group(3) 100 workers or more 100 workers or more Mean 50 - 99 RSE 50 - 99 workers 100 - 499 500 workers 100 - 499 500 Total workers workers Total workers workers or more or more All occupations....................................................... $14.74 $13.38 $15.11 $13.59 $17.24 2.4% 5.1% 2.9% 4.5% 4.0% All occupations excluding sales..................................... 14.94 12.90 15.43 13.77 17.62 2.4 5.4 2.8 4.3 3.7 White-collar occupations............................................ 17.25 16.41 17.47 16.44 18.68 3.0 5.8 3.6 5.4 5.3 White-collar excluding sales...................................... 18.21 16.66 18.54 17.63 19.47 2.9 5.9 3.3 4.9 4.6 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 21.22 15.96 21.81 20.14 23.24 3.3 8.7 3.3 4.5 4.4 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 23.48 16.57 24.34 22.63 25.60 3.5 12.4 3.1 3.4 4.4 Technical occupations........................................... 15.62 - 15.77 15.58 16.02 4.5 - 4.8 6.8 6.3 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 25.51 24.00 26.01 24.11 28.23 3.3 6.2 4.0 5.7 5.1 Sales occupations................................................. 13.01 15.84 11.55 12.02 - 9.2 15.6 10.4 13.0 - Administrative support, including clerical occupations............ 11.20 10.40 11.38 11.77 10.96 3.0 5.2 3.6 5.9 3.7 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 13.73 11.53 14.29 12.71 16.53 2.5 4.8 3.0 4.3 4.9 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 16.76 13.60 18.03 15.97 20.93 3.5 4.4 4.4 6.0 5.8 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 14.01 11.32 14.29 11.97 16.22 3.1 7.5 3.3 4.5 5.1 Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11.87 10.36 12.04 11.13 15.75 4.4 8.5 4.8 4.8 5.8 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.............. 10.21 8.50 10.78 10.60 11.06 4.7 4.6 6.0 6.6 11.5 Service occupations................................................. 6.76 6.49 6.85 6.46 8.12 2.9 7.5 3.1 3.5 3.3 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Table C-4. Number of workers(1) represented by occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers All indus- Private State and All indus- Private State and Occupational group(2) tries industry local tries industry local government government Workers RSE All occupations....................................................... 300,181 214,421 85,760 2.6% 3.6% 2.9% All occupations excluding sales..................................... 277,206 191,756 85,450 2.4 3.5 2.9 White-collar occupations............................................ 177,119 112,701 64,419 3.9 5.4 5.2 White-collar excluding sales...................................... 154,144 90,035 64,109 3.8 5.4 5.2 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 64,411 27,868 36,543 6.9 8.2 10.4 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 51,419 19,922 31,496 8.3 10.1 11.9 Technical occupations........................................... 12,993 7,945 5,047 16.5 11.0 38.9 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 29,232 22,679 6,553 10.1 9.8 29.6 Sales occupations................................................. 22,975 22,665 - 15.0 15.1 - Administrative support including clerical occupations............. 60,501 39,489 21,012 7.5 8.5 14.7 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 74,142 67,487 6,655 6.5 6.7 25.3 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 25,710 22,641 3,069 12.0 12.2 44.4 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 16,720 16,720 - 10.2 10.2 - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 11,972 9,720 2,252 17.5 19.7 38.3 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.............. 19,740 18,406 1,335 10.4 10.9 33.7 Service occupations................................................. 48,919 34,234 14,685 10.2 12.9 17.0 1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size, and number of establishments represented, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Number of establishments studied Number of Industry establish- 100 workers or more ments rep- Total 50 - 99 resented studied workers Total 100 - 499 500 workers workers or more All industries........................................................ 1,619 220 68 152 104 48 Private industry.................................................... 1,561 194 66 128 93 35 Goods-producing industries........................................ 319 56 20 36 25 11 Mining.......................................................... 5 3 3 - - - Construction.................................................... 110 12 7 5 5 - Manufacturing................................................... 204 41 10 31 20 11 Service-producing industries...................................... 1,241 138 46 92 68 24 Tranportation and public utilities.............................. 89 18 3 15 11 4 Wholesale and retail trade...................................... 452 46 22 24 19 5 Finance, insurance and real estate.............................. 343 16 5 11 8 3 Services........................................................ 357 58 16 42 30 12 State and local government.......................................... 58 26 2 24 11 13 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings(1) for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All State and Occupation(3) indus- Private local tries industry govern- ment All occupations....................................................... 2.1 2.4 4.3 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 2.2 2.4 4.3 White-collar occupations............................................ 2.6 3.0 4.8 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 2.6 2.9 4.8 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 3.4 3.3 5.5 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 3.3 3.5 5.2 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 6.6 4.6 - Mechanical engineers........................................ 1.0 1.0 - Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 10.0 10.0 - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 8.0 7.6 - Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 9.4 8.9 - Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 7.2 - - Natural scientists............................................ 6.2 8.7 - Health related occupations.................................... 3.2 3.2 5.8 Registered nurses........................................... 2.9 2.8 - Physical therapists......................................... 8.5 - - Teachers, college and university.............................. 7.3 - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 4.0 11.4 1.7 Elementary school teachers.................................. 1.9 - 1.8 Secondary school teachers................................... 3.7 - 3.7 Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 2.6 - 2.4 Librarians.................................................. 2.6 - 2.4 Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... 6.1 - 7.2 Social workers.............................................. 6.4 - 7.2 Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 8.5 7.9 - Technical occupations........................................... 4.4 4.5 8.1 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 13.2 10.3 - Radiological technicians.................................... 2.4 2.5 - Licensed practical nurses................................... 1.6 1.7 - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 9.4 11.0 - Computer programmers........................................ 6.9 6.8 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 3.7 3.3 10.7 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 4.1 4.3 7.3 Administrators and officials, public administration......... 11.0 - 12.0 Financial managers.......................................... 6.6 6.6 - Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 8.3 8.3 - Administrators, education and related fields................ 10.6 - 10.3 Managers, medicine and health............................... 9.3 10.8 - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 6.5 6.5 - Management related occupations................................ 6.4 5.7 12.3 Accountants and auditors.................................... 4.6 5.2 8.1 Other financial officers.................................... 6.3 6.8 - Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 18.2 18.2 - Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 7.1 7.2 - Sales occupations................................................. 9.2 9.2 - Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 11.5 11.5 - Insurance sales occupations................................. 5.6 5.6 - Sales occupations, other business services.................. 11.2 11.2 - Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 30.5 30.5 - Cashiers.................................................... 4.0 4.0 - Sales support occupations, N.E.C............................ 22.5 22.5 - Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 2.3 3.0 3.2 Supervisors, general office................................. 3.1 3.9 - Computer operators.......................................... 12.9 - - Secretaries................................................. 3.1 4.9 3.5 Receptionists............................................... 2.6 2.6 - Information clerks, N.E.C................................... 14.0 14.0 - Order clerks................................................ 9.8 9.8 - Library clerks.............................................. 18.0 - - Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 4.0 3.9 - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 4.1 3.8 6.6 Dispatchers................................................. 9.1 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 9.2 9.2 - Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 3.1 2.2 - Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 19.3 19.3 - Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 4.5 5.2 - Bill and account collectors................................. 9.1 14.3 - General office clerks....................................... 4.6 8.0 3.8 Data entry keyers........................................... 4.3 4.3 - Teachers' aides............................................. 3.4 - 3.4 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 5.4 7.5 7.7 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 2.4 2.5 5.6 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 3.2 3.5 3.5 Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 12.0 12.6 - Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 5.0 4.0 - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 8.1 8.2 - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 4.2 4.9 - Electricians................................................ 6.3 - - Supervisors, production occupations......................... 6.3 6.3 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 3.1 3.1 - Printing press operators.................................... 6.8 6.8 - Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 11.1 11.1 - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 5.2 5.2 - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 9.5 9.5 - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 3.9 4.4 4.6 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 9.6 9.6 - Truck drivers............................................... 4.8 5.2 - Bus drivers................................................. 10.9 - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 7.7 7.7 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 4.3 4.7 5.7 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 10.3 15.4 - Production helpers.......................................... 11.3 11.3 - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 11.4 11.4 - Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 7.9 7.9 - Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 19.5 19.5 - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 5.5 5.5 - Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 7.0 7.0 - Service occupations................................................. 3.5 2.9 4.6 Protective service occupations................................ 6.2 5.2 6.4 Police and detectives, public service....................... 3.7 - 3.8 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 0.2 - 0.2 Food service occupations...................................... 5.8 6.1 - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 20.5 20.5 - Cooks....................................................... 9.8 10.1 - Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 4.8 5.3 - Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 8.4 9.5 - Health service occupations.................................... 4.0 4.2 - Health aides, except nursing................................ 4.2 4.2 - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 4.1 4.0 - Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 4.2 4.7 4.2 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 8.3 8.3 - Maids and housemen.......................................... 1.3 1.3 - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 4.9 4.5 4.2 Personal service occupations.................................. 10.1 3.3 10.8 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRI- VATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All Full-t- Part-ti- Occupation(1) workers ime me workers workers All occupations....................................................... 6 6 4 All occupations excluding sales..................................... 6 6 4 White-collar occupations............................................ 7 7 5 White-collar occupations excluding sales.......................... 7 8 5 Professional specialty and technical occupations.................. 9 9 8 Professional specialty occupations.............................. 10 10 8 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... 10 10 - Mechanical engineers........................................ 11 11 - Engineers, N.E.C............................................ 9 9 - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... 10 10 - Computer systems analysts and scientists.................... 10 10 - Operations and systems researchers and analysts............. 10 10 - Natural scientists............................................ 10 10 - Health related occupations.................................... 9 9 9 Registered nurses........................................... 8 8 8 Physical therapists......................................... 9 - - Teachers, college and university.............................. 12 12 - Teachers, except college and university....................... 9 9 - Elementary school teachers.................................. 9 9 - Secondary school teachers................................... 9 9 - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... 8 8 - Librarians.................................................. 8 8 - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... 8 7 - Social workers.............................................. 7 7 - Lawyers and judges............................................ - - - Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C...................................................... 6 6 - Technical occupations........................................... 7 7 5 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians........... 8 8 - Radiological technicians.................................... 6 7 - Licensed practical nurses................................... 6 6 - Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C................. 6 6 - Computer programmers........................................ 9 9 - Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations............. 10 10 - Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 11 11 - Administrators and officials, public administration......... 11 11 - Financial managers.......................................... 11 11 - Managers., marketing, advertising and public relations...... 11 11 - Administrators, education and related fields................ 11 11 - Managers, medicine and health............................... 11 11 - Managers and administrators, N.E.C.......................... 11 11 - Management related occupations................................ 8 8 - Accountants and auditors.................................... 9 9 - Other financial officers.................................... 8 8 - Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists........ 10 10 - Management related occupations, N.E.C....................... 7 7 - Sales occupations................................................. 5 6 3 Supervisors, sales occupations.............................. 7 7 - Insurance sales occupations................................. 8 8 - Sales occupations, other business services.................. 6 6 - Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale. 10 10 - Sales workers, other commodities............................ - - 4 Cashiers.................................................... 2 3 2 Sales support occupations, N.E.C............................ 6 - - Administrative support occupations, including clerical............ 4 5 4 Supervisors, general office................................. 7 7 - Computer operators.......................................... 4 4 - Secretaries................................................. 5 5 5 Receptionists............................................... 3 4 - Information clerks, N.E.C................................... 3 - - Order clerks................................................ 4 5 - Library clerks.............................................. 2 - - Records clerks, N.E.C....................................... 6 6 - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 5 5 - Dispatchers................................................. 5 5 - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 4 4 - Stock and inventory clerks.................................. 3 3 - Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators............. 7 7 - Investigators and adjusters except insurance................ 4 4 - Bill and account collectors................................. 5 5 - General office clerks....................................... 4 4 4 Data entry keyers........................................... 3 3 3 Teachers' aides............................................. 4 3 - Administrative support occupations, N.E.C................... 5 5 2 Blue-collar occupations............................................. 5 5 2 Precision production, craft, and repair occupations............... 6 6 - Supervisors, mechanics and repairers........................ 8 8 - Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics................. 7 7 - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 6 6 - Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C.............................. 6 6 - Electricians................................................ 7 7 - Supervisors, production occupations......................... 8 8 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 4 4 - Printing press operators.................................... 6 6 - Slicing and cutting machine operators....................... 5 5 - Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C...................... 4 4 - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 4 4 - Transportation and material moving occupations.................... 4 4 3 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators........................ 7 7 - Truck drivers............................................... 4 4 - Bus drivers................................................. 4 - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 4 4 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 3 3 2 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, N.E.C.................................................... 7 7 - Production helpers.......................................... 3 3 - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 3 4 2 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C................ 3 4 2 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...................... 2 2 - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 2 3 - Laborers except construction, N.E.C......................... 2 2 - Service occupations................................................. 3 4 2 Protective service occupations................................ 5 5 3 Police and detectives, public service....................... 6 6 - Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers...... 6 6 - Food service occupations...................................... 2 3 2 Waiters and waitresses...................................... 2 - 2 Cooks....................................................... 4 - - Kitchen workers, food preparation........................... 3 3 2 Food preparation occupations, N.E.C......................... 2 2 2 Health service occupations.................................... 3 4 3 Health aides, except nursing................................ 4 5 - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 3 3 3 Cleaning and building service occupations..................... 2 3 2 Supervisors, cleaning & building service workers............ 5 6 - Maids and housemen.......................................... 2 2 - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 2 2 2 Personal service occupations.................................. 4 5 3 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors, painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and legislators cannot be assigned a work level. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." Supplemental Table 1. Hourly earnings(1) for construction trades occupations in construction industries(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers(4) Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupational group(3) and level Middle Range Middle Range Middle Range Mean RSE Median Mean RSE Median Mean RSE Median 25 75 25 75 25 75 Construction trades occupations....................................... $13.83 11.7% $12.75 $11.00 $18.25 $13.83 11.7% $12.75 $11.00 $18.25 - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. At the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; at the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown; at the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. 2 The Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Supplemental Table 2. Hourly earnings(1) for construction trades occupations in non-construction industries(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 All workers(4) Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupational group(3) and level Middle Range Middle Range Middle Range Mean RSE Median Mean RSE Median Mean RSE Median 25 75 25 75 25 75 Construction trades occupations....................................... $17.19 6.1% $16.31 $14.82 $19.43 $17.19 6.1% $16.31 $14.82 $19.43 - - - - - Craft workers and helpers............................................. 9.61 14.5 8.50 6.00 12.75 9.61 14.5 8.50 6.00 12.75 - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, hazard pay, and on-call pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. At the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; at the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown; at the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. 2 The Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. Supplemental Table 3. Number of workers in construction trades occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1997 Workers RSE Construction industries(2) Non-construction Construction industries(2) Non-construction Occupational group(1) and level industries(2) industries(2) All Full-time Part-time All Full-time Part-time All Full-time Part-time All Full-time Part-time workers(- workers workers workers(- workers workers workers(- workers workers workers(- workers workers 3) 3) 3) 3) Construction trades occupations....................................... 5,249 5,249 - 792 792 - 35.6% 35.6% - 34.2% 34.2% - Craft workers and helpers............................................. - - - 865 865 - - - - 41.4 41.4 - 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 2 The Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry. 3 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND.