Rate and measurement: As used in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 (ECLS–K), this mathematics skill involves using rate and measurement to solve word problems.

Reading literacy: Understanding, using, and reflecting on written texts in order to achieve one’s goals, to develop one’s knowledge and potential, and to participate in society.

Regular school districts: Can be either (1) a school district that is not a component of a supervisory union or (2) a school district component of a supervisory union that shares a superintendent and administrative services with other local school districts. State- and federally operated institutions charged with serving special needs populations, regional education service agencies, and supervisory union administrative centers (or county superintendents serving the same purpose) are excluded.

Regular schools: Schools that are part of state and local school systems as well as private elementary/secondary schools, both religiously affiliated and nonsectarian, that are not alternative schools, vocational education schools, special education schools, subcollegiate departments of postsecondary institutions, residential schools for exceptional children, federal schools for American Indians or Alaska Natives, or federal schools on military posts and other federal installations.

Relative care: A care arrangement where grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, and other relatives are the caregivers. Relative care takes place in the child’s home or another home.

Religious private school: A school with a designated religious orientation or purpose, which is not supported primarily by public funds. It must provide instruction for one or more of grades K–12 (or comparable ungraded levels) and have one or more teachers. Organizations or institutions that provide support for homeschooling but do not offer classroom instruction for students are not included.

Remedial course (postsecondary): Courses provided in reading, writing, mathematics, or other subjects for college students lacking those skills necessary to perform college-level work at the level required by the attended institution; thus, what constitutes remedial courses varies from institution to institution.

Remedial education: Instruction for a student lacking the reading, writing, mathematics, or other skills necessary to perform college-level work at the level required by the attended institution.

Research: Funds expended for activities specifically organized to produce research outcomes and commissioned by an agency either external to the institution or separately budgeted by an organizational unit within the institution. Does not include nonresearch expenditures (e.g., training).

Revenues: All funds received from external sources, net of refunds, and correcting transactions. Noncash transactions such as receipt of services, commodities, or other receipts “in kind” are excluded, as are funds received from the issuance of debt, liquidation of investments, and nonroutine sale of property.

Revenues from federal sources: Revenues from federal sources include direct grants-in-aid from the federal government; federal grants-in-aid through the state or an intermediate agency; and other revenue, in lieu of taxes that would have accrued had the tax base been subject to taxation.

Revenues from local sources: Revenues from local sources include revenues from a local education agency (LEA), including taxes levied or assessed by a LEA; revenues from a local government to the LEA; tuition received; transportation fees; earnings on investments from LEA holdings; net revenues from food services (gross receipts less gross expenditures); net revenues from student activities (gross receipts less gross expenditures); and other revenues (textbook sales, donations, property rentals).

Revenues from state sources: Revenues from state sources include revenues from an agency of state government including those that can be used without restriction, those for categorical purposes, and revenues in lieu of taxation.