Contaminated Sediment Newsletter #25
Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.
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United States |
Office of Water |
EPA-823-N-00-002 Number 25 Summer 2000 |
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In this issue. Regional Activities... Contaminated Sediment Web Pages
CS News is produced by the EPA Office of Science and Technology (OST) to exchange information on contaminated sediments and to increase communication among interested parties. To obtain copies of this report or to contribute information, contact Charles Kovatch, EPA OST, mail code 4305, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460 at (202) 260-3754. To be added to the mailing list or to make changes to your address,
please fax your request to Charles Kovatch at (202) 260-9830 or
e-mail kovatch.charles@ |
EPA Headquarters
New Freshwater Sublethal Sediment Toxicity Test Now Available
In March 2000, EPA's Office of Water (OW) and Office of Research and Development (ORD) published the second edition of Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates (EPA/600/R-99/064). This edition of the "freshwater toxicity test manual" is an update of the 1994 edition (EPA/600/6-94/024), which provided methods to measure 10-day survival of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca, 10-day survival and growth of the midge Chironomus tentans, and 28-day bioaccumulation in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. In the second edition, the manual has been expanded to include a 10-day growth test for H. azteca, as well as methods for evaluating longer-term survival and growth using a 42-day test with H. azteca and a 60-day full life-cycle test for C. tentans. The latter tests are the first published standard freshwater sediment toxicity tests for measuring long-term sublethal endpoints.
Background
Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat,
feeding, spawning, and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms. Sediment
also serves as a repository for pollutants. In fact, when pollutants such
as pesticides, herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals are introduced into surface waters,
they can accumulate in sediments at concentrations much higher than water
column concentrations. Contaminated sediments can be directly toxic to
benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. Some
sediment-associated pollutants can also bioaccumulate through the food
chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when
benthic organisms are not themselves affected.
Sediment toxicity and bioaccumulation tests, in addition to chemical analyses and benthic community surveys, are valuable tools for sediment quality assessment. They directly measure the toxicity or bioaccumulation of a sediment sample to a test species under controlled laboratory conditions and are especially useful because they account for interactive effects of chemical mixtures. The freshwater toxicity test manual was developed to promote the use of uniform sediment testing procedures, which is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, improve the comparative value of test results, and ultimately increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests. By providing long-term methods, this addition allows for a more comprehensive sediment evaluation.
New Test Method
The addition of the two long-term sediment toxicity test methods for H.
azteca and C. tentans is the most notable manual revision.
The long-term sediment exposures with H. azteca begin with 7- to
8-day-old amphipods. On Day 28 of the sediment exposure, the amphipods
are isolated
from the sediment and placed in water-only chambers, where reproduction
is measured on Days 35 and 42. Endpoints measured in the long-term amphipod
test include survival (Days 28, 35, and 42), growth (Days 35 and 42),
and reproduction (number of young per female produced from Days 28 to
42).
The long-term sediment exposures with C. tentans start with newly hatched larvae (less than 24 hours old) and continue through emergence, reproduction, and hatching of the next generation (about a 60-day sediment exposure). Survival and growth are measured at Day 20. From Day 23 to the end of the test, emergence and reproduction of C. tentans are monitored daily. Egg masses are isolated to count the number of eggs per female, then incubated for 6 days to determine hatching success.
Obtaining the Document
Copies of the complete document, Methods for Measuring the Toxicity
and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater
Invertebrates, Second Edition (EPA-600-R-99-064) can be obtained from
the National Service Center for Environmental Publications, P.O. Box 42419,
Cincinnati, OH, 45242; by phone at 1-800-490-9198 or at www.epa.gov/ncepihom/orderpub.html
on the Internet. A pdf version of this document is available on the EPA
Office of Science and Technology web site at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/cs/freshfact.html.
Headquarters Activities |
Status of EPA-OST Sediment Documents
Editor's Note: EPA's Office of Science and Technology within the
Office of Water and EPA Labs within the Office of Research and Development
continue to develop documents about sediment guidelines, management, implement-ation,
guidance, assessment, and models. Some documents are being developed,
while others are very near completion or are completed. The status and
description of these documents are provided in the following table.
Document Title | Description | Status | |
1.
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Introduction to Contaminated Sediments (EPA-823-F-99-006)
(brochure) and A Healthy Ecosystem
(EPA-H-99-001) (poster). |
Educates the public, including citizens groups and
high school students, on the definition and extent of contaminated
sediment, sources of contamination, remediation and pollution prevention
solutions, and what citizens can do to protect sediment. Contact: Rich Healy (202) 260-7812 |
Published December 1999. |
2.
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Bioaccumulation Testing and Interpretation for the Purpose of Sediment Quality Assessment: Status and Needs (EPA-823-R-00-001) and Appendix (EPA-823-R-00-002) | Describes how EPA programs currently use bioaccumulation tests and models in evaluating whether contaminated sediments pose an ecological or human health risk. Appendix provides detailed technical data on individual bioaccumulative chemicals of concern. Contact: Rich Healy (202) 260-7812. | Published February 2000. |
3.
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Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants in Freshwater Invertebrates (EPA-600- R-99-064) | The second edition of the 1994 freshwater standard sediment test methods manual includes updates of the two short-term standard freshwater sediment toxicity test methods (Chironomus tentans and Hyalella azteca) and the standard bioaccumulation method (Lumbriculus variegatus). This edition also includes two new long-term sediment toxicity test methods for C. tentans and H. azteca. Contact: Scott Ireland (202) 260-6091. | Published March 2000. |
4.
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Draft Implementation Framework for Use of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines | Describes the use of equilibrium partitioning sediment guidelines (ESG) in water quality standards, TMDL development, NPDES permitting, Superfund, and RCRA programs. Contact: Kathy Zirbser (202) 260-0710. | Expected Federal Register announcement of availability of draft implementation framework fall 2000. |
5.
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Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Nonionics Compendium | Contains the chemistry and toxicity data used to derive
ESGs for 32 nonionic organic contaminants. Contact: Scott Ireland (202) 260-6091. |
Final scheduled for fall 2000. |
6.
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Technical Basis for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Nonionic Organics | Presents technical basis for establishing ESGs for non-ionic organic chemicals using equilibrium partitioning (EqP). Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. | Final scheduled for fall 2000. |
7.
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Methods for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Nonionic Organics | Provides guidance that can be used to modify national
ESGs for nonionic organic chemicals to reflect specific local conditions. Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. |
Final scheduled for fall 2000 |
8.
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Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Dieldrin | Recommends a sediment concentration for the insecticide
dieldrin that is EPA's best estimate of the concentration protective
of the presence of benthic organisms. Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. |
Final scheduled for fall 2000 |
9.
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Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Endrin | Recommends a sediment concentration for the insecticide
endrin that is EPA's best estimate of the concentration protective
of the presence of benthic organisms. Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. |
Final scheduled for fall 2000 |
10.
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Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Metals Mixtures (Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Silver, Zinc) | Recommends a sediment concentration for mixtures of
Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Zn that is EPA's best estimate of the concentration
of the mixtures that will protect benthic organisms from the direct
toxicity of these metals in sediments. Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. |
Final scheduled for fall 2000 |
11. | Draft Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: PAH Mixtures | Recommends a sediment concentration for PAH mixtures
that is EPA's best estimate of the concentration of the mixtures
that will protect benthic organisms from the direct toxicity of
these PAHs in sediments. Contact: Heidi Bell (202) 260-5464. |
Draft to peer review scheduled for fall 2000. |
12. |
Methods for Assessing the Chronic Toxicity of Marine and Estuarine Sediment-associated Contaminants with the Amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus | Will be a joint EPA/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers publication that contains a standard 28-day marine and estuarine sediment toxicity test method using Leptocheirus plumulosus with endpoints for survival, growth, and reproduction. Contact: Scott Ireland (202) 260-6091. | Final scheduled for FY 2001. |
13.
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Methods for Collection, Storage, and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological Analysis | Will cover the following topics: 1) collecting, handling, and transporting field sediments; 2) manipulating sediments in the laboratory for chemical analysis and toxicological testing; and (3) preparing formulated sediments for toxicological testing. Contact: Rich Healy (202) 260-7812. |
Final scheduled for summer 2001. |
14.
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The Incidence and Severity of Contamination in Surface Waters of the United States | Will report on the quality of aquatic sediments in
the United States from studies conducted from 1980 through 1999. Contact: Scott Ireland (202) 260-6091 |
Final scheduled for FY 2001. |
Regional Activities |
Great Lakes Dredging Team Announces New Publication and Updated Web Site
The Great Lakes Dredging Team published Dredging and the Great Lakes in October, 1999. The document addresses the dredging history of the Lakes, the importance of dredging, environmental and economic considerations, and public input. The document also covers Great Lakes commercial navigation, recreational boating, sedimentation, dredging activities (dredging equipment, environmental dredging, environmental windows, disposal, beneficial uses of dredged material), and the public's role in dredging. Information on how to obtain a hard copy, an electronic copy, or a video can be found at http://www.glc.org/dredging/.
Updated Web Site
Great Lakes Dredging Team announces a new look for its web site.
The web site continues to provide important dredging-related information,
but the new format allows for easier viewing and navigation and better
accommodates new information. It boasts two new features: a New Scoop
page to highlight new dredging-related information and current events
in the region, and a page for case studies. Eventually, a "dredging around
the lakes" page will be activated using a map as an interface to link
to geography-specific information: http://www.glc.org/projects/dredging/.
The Great Lakes Dredging Team is a federal-state-private partnership with
the primary objective of ensuring that the navigational dredging of the
Great Lakes harbors and channels is conducted in a timely and cost- effective
manner while meeting environmental protection, restoration, and enhancement
goals. The Team provides an interactive forum for all stakeholders regarding
the dredging process and dredged material-related issues and their resolution,
and also works with local advocates to bring information about dredging
and dredged material manage-ment to a larger public audience. For more
information contact Bonnie Eleder at (312) 886-4885 or e-mail: eleder.bonnie@epa.gov.
EPA Laboratories |
Atlantic Ecology Division
Sediment Toxicity Assessment: Comparison of Standard and New Testing Designs
Standard methods of sediment toxicity testing are fairly well accepted;
however, as with all else, evolution of these methods is inevitable. As
part of this evolution, EPA compared a standard American Society for Testing
and Methods (ASTM), 10-day amphipod toxicity testing method with shorter,
48- and 96-hour test methods. In addition, they compared parallel exposures
of single species in a test chamber versus multiple species cohabiting
the smaller, shorter exposure chambers. There was no overall change in
mortality for the organisms, and the smaller chambers were predictive
of the results obtained with larger, longer, exposures. EPA also concluded
that in whole sediment exposures there was no change in toxicity to either
the amphipod Ampelisca abdita, or the mysid Americamysis bahia
when they cohabited the same chamber. In contrast, for water-only or porewater
exposures,
A. bahia demonstrated less sensitivity when cohabiting the same
chamber as
A. abdita. For more information, contact Kay T. Ho at (401) 782-3196
or
e-mail: ho.kay@epa.gov.
Identification of Metal Toxicity in Marine Sediments
A multi-Agency effort is under way to develop methods for characterizing
and identifying the causes of toxicity in contaminated sediments. This
effort includes researchers from ORD laboratories in Duluth (MN) and Narragansett
(RI) as well as the USGS facility in Columbia (MS). In the context of
this research, causes of contaminated sediment toxicity are divided into
three chemical classes: ammonia, organics, and metals. To characterize
and identify toxicity caused by metals in marine sedi-ments, a method
has been developed, adding chelating resin to toxic sediments. Under laboratory
conditions and with metal-spiked sediments, they have found this resin
to be very effective at reducing toxicity to the amphipod A. abdita
and mysid M. bahia. Metals for which the resin chelated include
cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. The resin is nontoxic to control
organisms in the quantities used and does not alter the toxicity of ammonia
and a representative organic contaminant. Furthermore, following a toxicity
test, the resin can be removed from the sediment and the metals extracted
for further identification. Currently, the researchers are in the process
of verifying the utility of this method with field-contaminated sediments
and are interested in discussing with other scientists any sediments known
to be contaminated and toxic due primarily to divalent transition metals.
For more information, contact Rob Burgess at (401) 782-3106 or e-mail:
burgess.robert@epa.gov.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers | |||
High Throughput, Rapid, Economical Bioassays to Assess Sediment Toxicity Contaminated Sediments Transcriptional Level Environmental Toxicity Assessment Figure 1. A low-volume, flow-through manifold system was built
for the simultaneous hybridization of nucleic acids extracted from Results For More Information
Marine Transportation System Task Force The U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS) consists of more than 25,000 miles of navigable U.S. waterways, ports, and their intermodal connections, vessels, vehicles, and system users. The MTS facilitates the bulk of U.S. exports and imports and provides economic, national security, environmental, and recreational values to millions of Americans. The MTS annually (1) moves more than 2 billion tons of domestic and international freight; (2) imports 3.3 billion barrels of oil to meet U.S. energy demands; (3) transports 134 million passengers by ferry; (4) serves 78 million Americans engaged in recreational boating; (5) hosts more than 5 million cruise ship passengers; and (6) supports 110,000 commercial fishing vessels and recreational fishing watercraft, which contribute $111 billion to state economies. The MTS initiative began in spring 1998 with seven Regional Listening Sessions. The Sessions were used to gather stakeholder input on the current state and future needs of the MTS. The input provided from the sessions helped in developing agenda items for a National Conference in November 1998. Following the conference, the Secretary of Transportation established the congressionally mandated MTS Task Force. The Task Force was formed to conduct an assess-ment of the MTS and its adequacy to operate in a safe, efficient, secure, and environmentally sound manner. Members of the Task Force include the U.S. Coast Guard, the Maritime Administration, the Army Corps of Engineers, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other federal agencies. One of the initiatives identified by the MTS Task Force includes systematic approach for identifying and addressing environmental protection risks and promoting effective sediment management and watershed protection. The MTS Task Force has sponsored seven Regional Dialogue Sessions throughout the country in summer 2000. Stakeholder input from the Sessions will be incorporated into the forthcoming MTS Implementation Plan and Strategic Plan. For information on the Marine Transportation System, visit the web site at http://www.dot.gov/mts/ or contact Sharon Lin at lin.sharon@epa.gov.
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Announcements |
The Great Lakes Dredging Team announces the publication of Dredging
and the Great Lakes. This a full-color, illustrated booklet that highlights
issues such as the beneficial use of dredged material, the role of sedimentation,
the dredging connection with commercial navigation and the citizen's role
in the dredging process. To obtain a hard copy or electronic copy of the
book, visit http://www.glc.org/projects/dredging/.
CSN Activities Timeline |
September 7-9, 2000
Annual Ohio Lake Erie Conference, Sandusky, OH. This conference
is sponsored by Ohio Lake Erie Commission. For more information, contact
Jill Woodyard at jill.woodyard@www.epa.state.oh.us.
September 11-14, 2000
8th National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Workshop: Monitoring and
Modeling Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Rural-Urban Interface, Hartford,
CT. Contact John Clausen, University of Connecticut, Department of Natural
Resources Management & Engineering, 1376 Storrs Rd, U-4087, Storrs,
CT 06269-4087. Phone: (860) 486-2840, Fax: (860) 486-5408; e-mail: jclausen@canr.uconn.edu; web site:http://continuingstudies.uconn.edu/.
September 11-14, 2000
Oceans 2000, Providence, RI. For more information, go to the
conference web site at http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/oes/PrevConferences.html#2000.
September 18-20, 2000
Coastal Environment 2000-Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions,
Third International Conference, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Contact Sally Walsh, Conference Secretariat, Wessex Institute of Technology,
Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. Phone: +44 (0) 238 029
3223; Fax: +44 (0) 238 029 2853; e-mail: slwalsh@wessex.ac.uk.
September 18-22, 2000
Wildland Hydrology's River Short Courses 2000: River Morphology
and Applications, Pagosa Springs, CO. Contact Wildland Hydrology,
1481 Stevens Lake Road, Pagosa Springs, CO 81147. Phone: (970) 731-6100;
Fax: (970) 731-6105; e-mail: wildlandhydrology@pagosasprings.net.
September 22-25, 2000
Environmental Problem Solving with GIS, Cincinnati, OH. Contact
Lisa Enderle, (412) 741-5462, e-mail: lisa.e.enderle@cpmx.saic.com;
web site: www.epa.gov/ttbnrmrl/.
October 1-4, 2000
27th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, St. John's, Newfoundland,
Canada. The ATW program includes platform and poster presentations and
short courses, dealing with pulp and paper, mining, commercial chemicals,
water quality, risk assessment, toxicity test methods, marine and freshwater
environments, contaminant fate/transport, endocrine disruption, and environmental
policy. For more information, contact Kathy Penney, Jacques Whitford Environment
Ltd., at (709) 576-1458; Fax (709) 576-2126; e-mail: kpenney@jacqueswhitford.com. or
Kim Coady, Environment Canada, at (709) 772-4087; Fax (709) 772-5097;
e-mail: kim.coady@ec.gc.ca.
October 10-19, 2000
Wildland Hydrology's River Short Courses 2000: River Restoration
and Natural Channel Design, Pagosa Springs, CO. Contact Wildland Hydrology,
1481 Stevens Lake Road, Pagosa Springs, CO 81147. Phone: (970) 731-6100;
Fax: (970) 731-6105; e-mail: wildlandhydrology@pagosasprings.net.
October 11-13, 2000
Brownfields 2000 Conference, Atlantic City Convention Center, Atlantic
City, NJ. The national Brownfields Conferences bring together key experts
from all levels of government, business, and finance and from local communities
to share ideas and experiences in the field of urban and environmental
development. Participants in the conferences focus their efforts on properties
known as "brownfields"-abandoned, idle, or underused industrial and commercial
properties at which real or perceived contamination interferes with efficient
expansion or redevelopment efforts. For more information about the program,
visit the Brownfields 2000 Web Site at http://www.eswp.com/
or phone (412) 261-0710, ext. 32. Presented by The Engineers' Society
of Western Pennsylvania. Co-Sponsored by EPA and others.
October 14-18, 2000
Water Environment Federation Technology (WEFTEC) 2000 Exhibition,
Anaheim, CA. Will provide the most up-to-date information on every wastewater
treatment and water quality subject. Choose workshops and technical sessions
with over 500 relevant presentations-not to mention almost 100 poster
presentations over the course of five days. For more information, go to
http://www.wef.org/Weftec/index.htm.
October 15-16, 2000
Annual Meeting of Great Lakes Commission, Hamilton, Ontario.
For more information, e-mail mdonahue@glc.org or visit www.glc.org.
October 16-19,2000
16th Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments,
and Water, Amherst, MA. Topics will include bioremediation, environmental
fate and modeling, risk assessment, soil chemistry, regulatory programs,
chemical analysis, and many others. For further information, go to the
conference web site at http://www.aehs.com/conferences.htm
or contact Denise Leonard at (413) 545-1239 or
e-mail: dleonard@schoolph.umass.edu.
October 17-19, 2000
4th State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC), Hamilton, Ontario.
For more information, e-mail: paul.horvatin@epa.gov.
October 17-21, 2000
Spanning Cultural and Ecological Diversity Through Environmental
Education, The 29th Annual Conference of the North American Association
for Environmental Education, South Padre Island, TX. For more information,
visit http://www.naaee.org/html/conferences.html.
October 24-26, 2000
Conference 2000, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. The conference
will focus on erosion, sediment, and stormwater management. Early registration
fee is $195 and $235 after September 15, 2000. Contact Jeanne Feurer,
Conference Coordinator, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Control, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 89 Kings Highway, Dover,
DE 19901. Phone: (302) 739-4411; Fax: (302) 739-6724;
e-mail: jfeurer@dnrec.state.de.us.
October 26-28, 2000
National Carbon Sequestrian Conference, Missoula, MT. Contact
Karen Reiter at (406) 587-6965; e-mail: kreiter@mt.nrcs.usda.gov.
October 30, 2000
Healthy Watersheds: Community Based Partnerships for Environmental
Decision-making, Aurora, CO. Contact Phyllis O'Meara at (303) 671-1034,
e-mail: paomeara@opm.gov.
October 31 - November 4, 2000
Combined Conferences of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop
Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, Salt
Lake City, UT. Web site: http://www.asa-cssa-sssa.org/olr99/.
November 8-10, 2000
Facilitating and Mediating Effective Environmental Agreements,
Berkeley, CA. Contact CONCUR, Inc. at (510) 649-8008; web site: http://www.concurinc.com.
November 10-11, 2000
8th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems,
Washington, DC. For more details, contact Robert Laurini at +33-4-72-43-8713;
Fax +33-4-72-43-8172; e-mail: Robert.Laurini@if.insa-lyon.fr.
November 12-16, 2000
SETAC 21st Annual Meeting, Nashville Convention Center, Nashville,
TN. Environmental Science in the 21st Century: Paradigms, Opportunities,
and challenges. For more information, contact: SETAC Office, 1010 North
12th Avenue, Pensacola, FL 32501-3367. Phone: (850) 469-1550; Fax: (850)
469-9778; e-mail: setac@setac.org.
This single celled organism declared - I think, therefore I am . What am I?
Image obtained with permission from University of California
Museum of Paleontology
web site: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/foram.html
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