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Coal Combustion Products
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The Coal Combustion Products Partnership (C2P2) program is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Coal Ash Association, Utility Solid Waste Activities Group, US Department of Energy, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Federal Highway Administration and , and Electric Power Research Institute to help promote the beneficial use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) and the environmental benefits that result from their use.
Coal combustion products (CCPs) are the materials produced primarily from the combustion of coal in coal-fired power plants. CCPs include the following materials:
- Fly Ash
- Bottom Ash
- Boiler Slag
- Flue Gas Desulfurization Material (FGD)
- Others types of material such as fluidized bed combustion ash, cenospheres, and scrubber residues
The characteristics and physical properties of CCPs vary. In general, the size, shape, and chemical composition of these materials determines their beneficial reuse as a component of building materials or as a replacement to other virgin materials such as sand, gravel, or gypsum.
The beneficial use of CCPs involves the use of or substitution of coal combustion products for another product based on performance criteria. Beneficially using CCPs can generate significant environmental, economic, and performance benefits. For purposes of C2P2, beneficial use includes, but is not restricted to, raw feed for cement clinker, concrete, grout, flowable fill, structural fill, road base/sub-base, soil-modification, mineral filler, snow and ice traction control, blasting grit and abrasives, roofing granules, mining applications, wallboard, waste stabilization/solidification, soil amendment, and agriculture.
