USAP Field Manual ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
You may view the entire book by opening the above link, or select individual chapters and sections utilizing the below links.
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Extreme Cold Weather Clothing ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
1.1 |
USAP Clothing Issue |
1 |
1.2 |
Dressing for the Cold: Layering |
2 |
1.3 |
Cold Weather Clothing Accessories |
4 |
1.4 |
Clothing for Deep-Field Deployment by Aircraft(McMurdo Area) |
5 |
1.5 |
Special Clothing Considerations for Peninsula Operations |
6 |
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Science Support Services ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
2.1 |
Science Meetings |
8 |
2.2 |
McMurdo Science Support Areas |
9 |
2.3 |
Palmer Science Support Areas |
11 |
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Basic Field-Party Preparation ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
3.1 |
McMurdo-Based Groups |
14 |
3.1a |
Day 1 |
14 |
3.1b |
Days 2, 3, & 4 |
14 |
3.1c |
Day 5 |
14 |
3.1d |
Days 6, 7, & 8 |
14 |
3.1e |
Days 9 & 10 |
20 |
3.1f |
Day 11 |
21 |
3.2 |
Peninsula-Based Groups |
22 |
3.2a |
Field Communications |
23 |
3.2b |
Field-Safety Training |
24 |
3.2c |
Field Equipment |
25 |
3.2d |
Food for Field Parties |
26 |
3.2e |
Mechanical Equipment |
26 |
3.2f |
Field-Camp Liquor Rations |
26 |
3.2g |
Safety |
27 |
3.2h |
Safe Water Handling |
28 |
3.2i |
Human Waste Management |
29 |
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Standards of Conduct in the Field ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
4.1 |
Appropriate Field Conduct in Antarctica |
31 |
4.2 |
Environmental Conduct in the Field |
31 |
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Field-Safety Training ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
5.1 |
McMurdo Field-Safety Training Requirement |
34 |
5.1a |
McMurdo Field-Safety Course Descriptions |
36 |
5.2 |
Peninsula-Area Field-Safety Training Requirements |
40 |
5.2a |
Peninsula-Area Field-Safety Course Descriptions |
41 |
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McMurdo Area Helicopter Transportation ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
6.1 |
Helicopter Pad (Heli-Pad) |
44 |
6.2 |
Preparations: Flight Requests and Cargo |
44 |
6.3 |
Hazardous Cargo |
46 |
6.4 |
Resupply Cargo |
47 |
6.5 |
On the Day of Your Flight |
48 |
6.6 |
Helicopter Loading and Unloading |
49 |
6.6a |
The Boarding Process at the Heli-Pad |
49 |
6.6b |
Survival Equipment |
49 |
6.7 |
Estimated Flight Times |
50 |
6.8 |
Clothing for the Flight |
50 |
6.9 |
Day Trips |
51 |
6.9a |
Radio Equipment |
51 |
6.10 |
Daily Communications |
52 |
6.10a |
Field Resupply |
53 |
6.10b |
Schedule Changes |
54 |
6.11 |
Retrograde from the Field |
54 |
6.12 |
Camp Pull-Out |
57 |
6.13 |
Helicopter Safety Guidelines |
57 |
6.14 |
Planning Information for Helicopters |
58 |
6.14a |
Bell 212 Helicopter |
58 |
6.14b |
A-Star 350 Helicopter |
59 |
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McMurdo Area Fixed Wing Operations ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
7.1 |
Flight Schedules |
60 |
7.2 |
Planning for LC-130 Transport to the Field |
61 |
7.2a |
Load Planning |
61 |
7.2b |
Aerial Reconnaissance (Recce) . |
62 |
7.2c |
Equipment Packing |
63 |
7.2d |
General Cargo |
63 |
7.2e |
Hazardous Cargo |
64 |
7.2f |
Frozen Food |
64 |
7.2g |
Bag Drag |
65 |
7.2h |
The Day of the LC-130 Put-In Flight |
65 |
7.3 |
Planning for Twin Otter Transport to the Field |
66 |
7.3a |
General Cargo |
67 |
7.3b |
Hazardous Cargo |
67 |
7.3c |
Getting to the Aircraft |
68 |
7.4 |
Radio Communications |
69 |
7.5 |
Weather Briefing |
69 |
7.6 |
Ski-Way Marker Equipment |
69 |
7.7 |
In-the-Field Procedures |
70 |
7.7a |
Camp Put-In Procedures |
70 |
7.7b |
Marking Grid North |
70 |
7.7c |
Daily Communication with the FOCC |
70 |
7.7d |
Communications with the Fixed-Wing Coordinator |
72 |
7.8 |
Preparing for Camp Pull-Out |
72 |
7.8a |
Pull-out Schedule and Retrograde Advisory |
72 |
7.8b |
Waste Retrograde |
72 |
7.8c |
Equipment Staging |
72 |
7.8d |
Hazardous Equipment Repackaging |
73 |
7.8e |
Ski-Way Preparation |
73 |
7.8f |
Hourly Weather Observations for the Pull-Out Flight |
75 |
7.9 |
Camp Pull-Out via LC-130 Aircraft |
75 |
7.9a |
Communication with Incoming Aircraft |
75 |
7.9b |
Loading the Aircraft |
75 |
7.9c |
Last Minute Camp Pull-Out Details |
76 |
7.10 |
Returning to McMurdo Station |
76 |
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Peninsula Area Boating Operations ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
8.1 |
Zodiac Allocation |
78 |
8.2 |
Preparation Before Leaving Palmer Station |
78 |
8.2a |
Checking Out |
78 |
8.2b |
Loading the Zodiac |
79 |
8.2c |
Checking the Boat |
80 |
8.2d |
Gear |
80 |
8.3 |
VHF Radio |
82 |
8.3a |
Radio Check and Communications |
82 |
8.3b |
Radio Use While Boating |
83 |
8.3c |
Returning Radios to the Station |
83 |
8.4 |
Boating Hazards and Precautions |
83 |
8.4a |
Weather |
83 |
8.4b |
Icebergs and Glaciers |
84 |
8.4c |
Brash Ice |
84 |
8.4d |
Rocks |
86 |
8.4e |
Waves |
86 |
8.4f |
Wildlife |
87 |
8.5 |
Troubleshooting |
87 |
8.6 |
Landings and Moorings |
88 |
8.7 |
Operating Restrictions |
88 |
8.7a |
Areas of Restricted Access |
89 |
8.8 |
Boating Emergencies |
91 |
8.8a |
Person Overboard |
91 |
8.8b |
Search and Rescue (SAR) |
95 |
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Field Radios ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
9.1 |
HF Radios |
97 |
9.1a |
PRC-1099 Radio: Basic Description |
97 |
9.1b |
Batteries and Chargers: PRC-1099 |
97 |
9.1c |
PRC-1099 Set-up Instructions |
97 |
9.1d |
How to Rechannel the Radio |
101 |
9.2 |
VHF Radios |
101 |
9.2a |
Operating an MX-300R or Saber HF Radio (McMurdo Area) |
102 |
9.2b |
VHF Radio Channelization Plans |
103 |
9.2c |
Operating a VHF Radio (Peninsula Area) |
104 |
9.2d |
Operating a Visar VHF Radio (Peninsula Area) |
107 |
9.2e |
Troubleshooting a VHF Hand-Held Radio |
109 |
9.3 |
McMurdo Area Radio Information |
110 |
9.3a |
HF Communications Procedures Between Field Parties and Fixed Wing Aircraft |
111 |
9.3b |
VHF Communications Procedures Between Field Parties and Helicopters |
112 |
9.4 |
Peninsula Area Radio Information |
113 |
9.4a |
Traveling Away from Palmer Station |
113 |
9.5 |
Phonetic Alphabet |
114 |
9.6 |
Ground to Air Emergency Signals |
115 |
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Weather ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
10.1 |
McMurdo Area Weather |
120 |
10.1a |
McMurdo Weather Classifications |
121 |
10.1b |
Weather Observations from the Field |
122 |
10.1c |
Radio Transmissions to McMurdo regarding Weather Observations |
126 |
10.2 |
Peninsula-Area Weather |
126 |
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Snow Shelters ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
11.1 |
Snow Quarry and Block Cutting |
130 |
11.2 |
Snow Walls |
131 |
11.3 |
Snow Trenches (1/2 to 2 Hours) |
132 |
11.3a |
Trench with Snow-Block Roof |
132 |
11.3b |
Trench with Tarpaulin Roof |
135 |
11.4 |
Snowmounds/Quinzhees (2 to 4 Hours) |
136 |
11.5 |
Snow Caves (3 to 4 Hours) |
139 |
11.6 |
Igloos (3 to 5 Hours) |
140 |
11.7 |
Crevasses and Bergshrunds |
145 |
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Tents ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
12.1 |
Preparation for All Tents |
147 |
12.2 |
The Scott Polar Tent |
147 |
12.2a |
Scott Polar Tent Set-up |
148 |
12.2b |
Setting a Polar tent up for Extra Wind Protection |
150 |
12.2c |
Scott Polar Tent Tear-Down |
151 |
12.3 |
Setting up the Stretch Dome, Sphere Expedition Tents |
153 |
12.4 |
Setting up a VE-25 Tent |
154 |
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Rope Use and Care ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
13.1 |
Types of Ropes |
156 |
13.2 |
Rope Care |
157 |
13.3 |
Knots |
158 |
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Stoves ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
14.1 |
Types of Stoves |
162 |
14.2 |
Stove Safety |
166 |
14.3 |
Stove Operating Instructions |
167 |
14.4 |
Five Major Stove Problems |
171 |
14.5 |
Stove Troubleshooting |
171 |
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Waste Handling In The Field ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
15.1 |
Human Waste Management |
173 |
15.1a |
Human Waste Disposal in Marine Environments |
174 |
15.1b |
Human Waste Disposal in the Accumulation Zone of Glaciers |
174 |
15.1c |
Human Waste Disposal in All Other Environments |
174 |
15.1d |
Human Waste Containers |
175 |
15.2 |
Hazardous Waste Management |
175 |
15.2a |
Hazardous Waste Containers |
177 |
15.2b |
Using Drum Tags to Mark Hazardous Waste |
177 |
15.2c |
Notes on Premix |
178 |
15.3 |
Hazardous Waste Spill Response |
178 |
15.3a |
Spill Response in the McMurdo System |
179 |
15.3b |
Spill Response in the Peninsula System |
179 |
15.3c |
How to Remediate a Small Spill |
180 |
15.4 |
The McMurdo Waste System |
180 |
15.4a |
Segregating and Labeling Waste Bags in the McMurdo System |
181 |
15.4b |
Environmental and Waste Procedures in the Dry Valleys |
182 |
15.5 |
The Peninsula Waste System |
184 |
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Snowmobiles ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
16.1 |
Snowmobiles in the McMurdo MEC Inventory |
185 |
16.2 |
Snowmobile Troubleshooting |
187 |
16.2a |
Fuel Flow Problems |
187 |
16.2b |
Starter and/or Cranking Problems |
188 |
16.2c |
Spark Problems |
189 |
16.2d |
Power Problems |
190 |
16.2e |
Track/Suspension Problems |
192 |
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Sea Ice ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
17.1 |
Sea-Ice Hazards |
194 |
17.1a |
Weather |
195 |
17.1b |
Ice Thickness |
195 |
17.1c |
Color changes |
196 |
17.1d |
Cracks |
197 |
17.1e |
Melt Pools |
200 |
17.1f |
Seal Holes |
201 |
17.1g |
The Ice Edge |
201 |
17.2 |
Sea Ice of McMurdo Sound |
202 |
17.2a |
How To Profile A Crack for Vehicle Crossing |
204 |
17.3 |
Sea Ice in the Peninsula Area |
207 |
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Glacier Travel and Crevasse Rescue ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
18.1 |
Roping Up |
212 |
18.2 |
Crevasse Rescue . |
217 |
18.2a |
The Rescue |
218 |
18.2b |
Catching a Fall |
220 |
18.2c |
Building an Anchor |
224 |
18.2d |
Checking the Victim |
225 |
18.2e |
The Hauling System |
229 |
18.3 |
Conclusions |
235 |
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Roped Travel with Snowmobiles and Sleds in Crevassed Areas ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
19.1 |
General Points for Roped Travel with Snowmobiles and Sleds in Crevassed Areas |
239 |
19.1a |
Aerial Reconnaissance |
239 |
19.1b |
Tow Ropes |
240 |
19.1c |
Nansen Sled Back-up Rope |
241 |
19.1d |
Snowmobile Cables |
241 |
19.1e |
Tether Switches |
241 |
19.1f |
Driver Safety |
242 |
19.1g |
Communication |
242 |
19.1h |
Travel Speed |
244 |
19.1i |
Crossing Crevasses |
244 |
19.1j |
Stopping a Fall |
245 |
19.1k |
Travel on Foot between Snowmobiles and Sleds |
245 |
19.2 |
Tying In |
245 |
19.2a |
Front Driver |
246 |
19.2b |
Rear Driver |
249 |
19.3 |
Travel Configurations |
250 |
19.4 |
Snowmobile Crevasse Extraction |
254 |
19.5 |
Rescue Equipment |
255 |
19.6 |
How To Travel With A Nansen Sled |
257 |
19.6a |
In a Safe, Non-Crevassed Area |
257 |
19.6b |
In Crevassed Areas |
258 |
19.7 |
How To Load a Nansen Sled |
258 |
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Glacier Travel with Heavy Machinery ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
20.1 |
Glacier Travel with Heavy Machinery |
265 |
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Antarctic Navigation ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
21.1 |
Global Positioning System |
265 |
21.2 |
Magnetic Compasses |
266 |
21.3 |
Grid North |
266 |
21.4 |
Compasses and Sextants |
268 |
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Search and Rescue ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
22.1 |
Medical Evacuations |
270 |
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Altitude Acclimatization ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
23.1 |
Treatment and Training |
272 |
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Emergency Action Principles and First Aid ![Link to PDF file](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090825193345im_/http://www.usap.gov/grafx/icon-pdf.gif)
24.1 |
Emergency Action Principles |
274 |
24.2 |
Frostbite |
279 |
24.3 |
Hypothermia |
282 |
24.4 |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning |
286 |
24.5 |
Quick Patient Packaging and Emergency Moves |
288 |
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