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the SLTC at (801) 233-4900. These procedures were designed and tested for internal use by OSHA personnel.
Mention of any company name or commercial product does not constitute endorsement by OSHA. |
n-Butyl Acetate
Isobutyl Acetate
sec-Butyl Acetate
tert-Butyl Acetate
[596 KB PDF, 64 pages]
Related Information: Chemical Sampling -
n-Butyl Acetate,
Isobutyl Acetate,
sec-Butyl Acetate,
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Method no.: |
1009 |
|
|
Control no.: |
T-1009-FV-01-0701-M |
|
|
Target concentration:
OSHA PEL (TWA):
ACGIH TLV: |
150 ppm (n-Butyl
Acetate and Isobutyl Acetate)
200 ppm (sec-Butyl Acetate and
tert-Butyl Acetate)
150 ppm (710 mg/m3)(n-Butyl Acetate
and Isobutyl Acetate)
200 ppm (950 mg/m3)(sec-Butyl
Acetate and tert-Butyl Acetate)
150 ppm (713 mg/m3) TWA (n-Butyl
Acetate and Isobutyl Acetate)
200 ppm (950 mg/m3) STEL (n-Butyl
Acetate)
200 ppm (950 mg/m3) TWA (sec-Butyl
Acetate and tert-Butyl Acetate) |
|
|
Procedure: |
Active samples are collected by drawing
workplace air through charcoal tubes with personal sampling pumps.
Diffusive samples are collected by exposing either SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers or 3M 3520 Organic Vapor Monitors (OVM) to workplace air. Samples
are extracted with carbon disulfide and analyzed by GC using a flame
ionization detector (FID). |
|
|
Recommended sampling time
and sampling rate:
|
240 min at 0.05 L/min (12 L) (charcoal tubes) (TWA); 15 min at 0.05 L/min
(0.75 L) (short term)
240 min (3M 3520 OVM and SKC 575-002) (TWA); 15 min (short term) |
|
|
Reliable quantitation limit:
sampler |
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
RQL |
SEE (%) |
RQL |
SEE (%) |
RQL |
SEE (%) |
RQL |
SEE (%) |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
charcoal
tube
3M 3520*
SKC 575-002* |
37.1
54.0
101 |
176
256
482 |
5.0
6.6
8.9 |
24.8
66.1
83.3 |
118
314
395 |
5.0
6.7
8.9 |
45.9
88.8
163 |
218
422
772 |
5.0
6.6
8.9 |
38.9
43.6
148 |
185
207
703 |
5.1
6.6
8.9 |
|
|
|
*For diffusive samples where the sampling
site atmospheric pressure and temperature are known. When either or both
of these values are unknown, see Section 4.4 for applicable standard
errors of estimate. |
|
|
Special requirements: |
Report sampling site atmospheric pressure
and temperature when using diffusive samplers. |
|
|
Status of method: |
Evaluated method. This method has been
subjected to the established evaluation procedures of the OSHA Salt Lake
Technical Center Methods Development Team. |
|
|
January 2007 |
Mary E. Eide |
|
|
Methods
Development Team
Industrial Hygiene Chemistry Division
OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center
Sandy UT 84070-6406 |
1. General Discussion
For assistance with accessibility problems in using figures and illustrations
presented in this method, please contact Salt Lake Technical Center (SLTC) at
(801) 233-4900. These procedures were designed and tested for internal use by
OSHA personnel. Mention of any company name or commercial product does not
constitute endorsement by OSHA.
1.1 Background
1.1.1 History
n-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl
Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl
Acetate were previously collected on charcoal tubes and analyzed
following OSHA Method 7 Organic Vapors.1 Diffusive samplers are
becoming more popular for workplace sampling. The Methods Development
Team at OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center (SLTC) is in the process of
validating diffusive samplers for the top 20 most analyzed organic
chemicals at SLTC. Candidates for evaluation in this program are
selected based on their frequency of analysis at SLTC. n-Butyl Acetate
is the ninth most requested organic chemical for analysis at SLTC and
Isobutyl Acetate is ranked 22nd. sec-Butyl
Acetate and
tert-Butyl Acetate were also evaluated to
complete the butyl acetate series of chemicals. Separate test
atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. This
method includes two diffusive samplers, SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers and
3M 3520 OVMs, along with charcoal tubes (SKC lot 2000). All analytes
performed well on these media in all the tests.
1.1.2 Toxic effects (This section is for information only and should not
be taken as the basis of OSHA policy.)2,3,4,5
All four of these compounds are eye, skin, and mucous membrane
irritants. They can cause headache, drowsiness, and narcosis.
1.1.3 Workplace exposure6,7,8,9
All four of these compounds are used in paints, lacquers, thinners, nail
polish removers, perfumes, inks, vinyl resins, photographic film, safety
glass, waxes and camphor. Isobutyl Acetate and n-Butyl
Acetate are also used as flavouring agents. tert-Butyl
Acetate is used as a gasoline additive.
1.1.4 Physical properties and other descriptive information
n-Butyl Acetate10
11
synonyms: |
acetic acid, butyl ester; 1-butyl
acetate; butyl ethanoate |
IMIS:12 |
0440 |
CAS number: |
123-86-4 |
boiling point: |
125-126 ºC (257-259 ºF) |
melting point: |
-77 ºC (-106.2 ºF) |
density: |
0.8826 (g/mL@ 20/20) |
molecular weight: |
116.16 |
vapor pressure: |
1.33 kPa @20 ºC |
flash point: |
22 ºC (72 ºF) (closed cup) |
appearance: |
clear liquid |
vapor density: |
4 (air = 1) |
molecular formula: |
C6H12O2 |
odor: |
fruity |
solubility: |
120 parts water at 25 ºC; misc with
alcohol, ether; soluble in most hydrocarbons |
autoignition temperature: |
421 ºC (790 ºF) |
structural formula: |
|
sec-Butyl
Acetate13,14
|
|
synonyms: |
acetic acid, 1-methylpropyl ester;
acetic acid, sec-butyl ester; 2-butanol acetate; 1-methylpropyl
acetate |
IMIS:15 |
0441 |
CAS number: |
105-46-4 |
boiling point: |
112-113 ºC (234-235 ºF) |
melting point: |
-98.4 ºC (-145.1 ºF) |
density: |
0.8748 (g/mL) (20/20) |
molecular weight: |
116.16 |
vapor pressure: |
1.33 kPa @ 20 ºC |
flash point: |
16.67 ºC (62 ºF) (closed cup); 31.1
ºC (88 ºF) (open cup) |
appearance: |
colorless liquid |
vapor density: |
4 (air = 1) |
molecular formula: |
C6H12O2 |
odor: |
fruity |
solubility: |
practically insoluble in water;
miscible with common industrial solvents |
autoignition
temperature: |
390 ºC (734 ºF) |
structural formula: |
|
tert-Butyl
Acetate16,
17
|
|
synonyms: |
acetic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl
ester; acetic acid, tert-butyl ester; 1,1-dimethylethyl acetate |
IMIS:18 |
0442 |
CAS number: |
540-88-5 |
boiling point: |
97.8 ºC (208 ºF) |
melting point: |
-62 ºC (-80 ºF) |
density: |
0.8593 (g/mL) (25/4) |
molecular weight: |
116.16 |
vapor pressure: |
6.3 kPa @ 25 ºC |
flash point: |
4.4 ºC (40 ºF) (closed cup) |
appearance: |
colorless liquid |
vapor density: |
4 (air = 1) |
molecular formula: |
C6H12O2 |
odor: |
musty ester odor |
solubility: |
insoluble in water; miscible with
most industrial solvents |
autoignition
temperature: |
518 ºC (964 ºF) |
structural formula: |
|
Isobutyl Acetate19,20
|
|
synonyms: |
acetic acid, isobutyl ester; acetic
acid, 2-methylpropyl ester; 2 methylpropyl acetate |
IMIS:21 |
1534 |
CAS number: |
110-19-0 |
boiling point: |
116.5 ºC (242 ºF) |
melting point: |
-98.8 ºC (-146 ºF) |
density: |
0.871 (g/mL) (20/20) |
molecular weight: |
116.16 |
vapor pressure: |
1.73 kPa @ 20 ºC |
flash point: |
18 ºC (64 ºF) (closed cup) |
appearance: |
colorless liquid |
vapor density: |
4 (air = 1) |
molecular formula: |
C6H12O2 |
odor: |
fruity faintly ester odor |
solubility: |
very slightly soluble in water;
miscible in most organic solvents |
autoignition
temperature: |
422 ºC (793 ºF) |
structural formula: |
|
This method was evaluated according to the OSHA SLTC "Evaluation Guidelines
for Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis".22 The Guidelines define analytical parameters, specify required
laboratory tests, statistical calculations and acceptance criteria. The analyte
air concentrations throughout this method are based on the recommended sampling
and analytical parameters. Air concentrations in ppm are referenced to 25 °C and
101.3 kPa (760 mmHg).
1.2 Limit defining parameters
1.2.1 Detection limit of the analytical procedure
The detection limits of the analytical procedure are 23.5 pg for
n-Butyl Acetate, 27.7 pg for sec-Butyl
Acetate, 29.7 pg for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 28.0 pg for Isobutyl
Acetate. This is the amount of analyte that will give a detector response that
is significantly different from the response of a reagent blank. (Section 4.1)
1.2.2 Detection limit of the overall procedure
The detection limits of the overall procedure are listed in Table 1.2.2.
These are the amounts of analyte spiked on the respective sampler that will give
detector responses that are significantly different from the responses of the
respective sampler blanks. (Section 4.2)
Table 1.2.2
Detection Limits of the Overall Procedure
|
|
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
sampler |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
mg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
|
charcoal tube
3M 3520
SKC 575-002 |
0.62
0.58
0.44 |
10.9
16.3
29.5 |
51.7
77.4
140 |
0.42
0.62
0.37 |
7.37
19.3
25.5 |
35.0
91.9
121 |
0.77
0.87
0.72 |
13.5
26.4
48.3 |
64.2
125
229 |
0.66
0.46
0.66 |
11.6
13.3
44.0 |
55.0
63.0
209 |
|
1.2.3 Reliable quantitation limit
The reliable quantitation limits are listed in Table 1.2.3. These are the
amounts of analyte spiked on the respective samplers that will give detector
responses that are considered the lower limits for precise quantitative
measurements. (Section 4.2)
Table 1.2.3
Reliable Quantitation Limits
|
|
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
sampler |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
|
charcoal
tube
3M 3520
SKC 575-002 |
2.1
1.9
1.5 |
37.1
54.0
101 |
176
256
482 |
99.0
98.0
98.9 |
1.4
2.1
1.2 |
24.8
66.1
83.3 |
118
314
395 |
98.5
98.6
98.5 |
2.6
2.9
2.4 |
45.9
88.8
163 |
218
422
772 |
98.3
98.5
98.4 |
2.2
1.5
2.2 |
38.9
43.6
148 |
185
207
703 |
98.9
98.8
98.6 |
|
EE = extraction efficiency |
1.2.4 Instrument calibration
The standard error of estimate is 301 μg/sample over the range of 2130 to 17100
μg/sample for n-Butyl Acetate. The standard error of
estimate is 453 μg/sample over the range of 2850 to 22800 μg/sample for
sec-Butyl Acetate. The standard error of estimate is 386 μg/sample over
the range of 2850 to 22800 μg/sample for tert-Butyl
Acetate. The standard error of estimate is 398 μg/sample over the range of 2130
to 17100 μg/sample for Isobutyl Acetate. This range corresponds to 0.25 to 2
times the TWA target concentration for charcoal tubes. (Section 4.3)
1.2.5 Precision
Charcoal tubes
The precision of the overall procedure at the 95% confidence level for the
ambient temperature 17-day storage test for samples collected on charcoal tubes
was determined from separate dynamically generated test atmospheres containing
each analyte. The test atmospheres were all generated individually for each of
the analytes because of possible capacity issues. The concentrations of the
atmospheres were 151 ppm (718 mg/m3) n-Butyl
Acetate, 198 ppm (941 mg/m3) sec-Butyl
Acetate, 202 ppm (960 mg/m3) tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 149 ppm (708 mg/m3) Isobutyl Acetate, with an average
relative humidity of 80% at 23 °C. The samples were collected at 0.05 L/min. The
precisions for charcoal tubes were ± 9.86% for n-Butyl
Acetate, ± 9.84% for sec-Butyl Acetate, ± 9.86%
tert-Butyl Acetate, and ± 9.92% Isobutyl Acetate. These each include an
additional 5% for sampling pump variability. (Section 4.4)
3M 3520 OVMs
The precision of the overall procedure at the 95% confidence level for the
ambient temperature 17-day storage test for samples collected on 3M 3520 OVMs
was determined from separate dynamically generated test atmospheres containing
each analyte. The test atmospheres were all generated individually for each of
the analytes because of possible capacity issues. The concentrations of the
atmospheres were 151 ppm (718 mg/m3) n-Butyl
Acetate, 198 ppm (941 mg/m3) sec-Butyl
Acetate, 202 ppm (960 mg/m3) tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 149 ppm (708 mg/m3) Isobutyl Acetate, with an average
relative humidity of 80% at 23 °C. The precisions are given in Table 1.2.5.1.
They each include an additional 6.4% for sampling rate variability. There are
different values given, depending on whether both, either, or neither
temperature (T) or atmospheric pressure (P)
are known at the sampling site. If the sampling site temperature is unknown, it
is assumed to be 22.2 ± 15ºC (72 ± 27ºF) and a variability of ±7.7% is included.
If the atmospheric pressure is not known, it is estimated from the sampling site
elevation and a variability of ±3% is included. (Section 4.4)
Table 1.2.5.1
Precision of the Overall Procedure for 3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
precision (± %) |
known conditions |
n-Butyl
Acetate |
sec-Butyl
Acetate |
tert-Butyl
Acetate |
Isobutyl Acetate |
|
both T & P
only T
only P
neither T nor P |
13.0
14.2
20.0
20.8 |
13.1
14.3
20.0
20.8 |
12.9
14.2
19.8
20.8 |
13.0
14.2
20.0
20.8 |
|
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
The precision of the overall procedure at the 95% confidence level for the
ambient temperature 17-day storage test for samples collected on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers was determined from separate dynamically generated test
atmospheres containing each analyte. The test atmospheres were all generated
individually for each of the analytes because of possible capacity issues. The
concentrations of the atmospheres were of 151 ppm (718 mg/m3)
n-Butyl Acetate, 198 ppm (941 mg/m3) sec-Butyl
Acetate, 202 ppm (960 mg/m3) tert-Butyl
Acetate and 149 ppm (708 mg/m3) Isobutyl Acetate, with an average
relative humidity of 80% at 23 °C. The precisions are given in Table 1.2.5.2.
They each include an additional 8.7% for sampling rate variability. There are
different values given, depending on whether both, either, or neither
temperature (T) or atmospheric pressure (P) are known at the sampling site. If
the sampling site temperature is unknown, it is assumed to be 22.2 ± 15ºC (72 ±
27ºF) and a variability of ±7.7% is included. If the atmospheric pressure is not
known, it is estimated from the sampling site elevation and a variability of ±3%
is included. (Section 4.4)
Table 1.2.5.2
Precision of the Overall Procedure for SKC 575-002
|
|
precision (± %) |
known conditions |
n-Butyl
Acetate |
sec-Butyl
Acetate |
tert-Butyl
Acetate |
Isobutyl Acetate |
|
both T & P
only T
only P
neither T nor P |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
17.5
18.4
23.1
23.9 |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
|
1.2.6 Recovery
The recoveries of n-Butyl Acetate,
sec-Butyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate and
Isobutyl Acetate from samples used in a 17-day ambient (23ºC) storage test are
shown in Table 1.2.6. (Section 4.5)
Table 1.2.6
Recovery of Storage Test
|
|
precision (± %) |
sampler |
n-Butyl
Acetate |
sec-Butyl
Acetate |
tert-Butyl
Acetate |
Isobutyl Acetate |
|
charcoal tubes
3M 3520 OVM
SKC 575-002 |
96.0
96.3
96.6 |
98.3
96.1
96.9 |
97.8
95.9
96.4 |
96.7
96.6
96.5 |
|
1.2.7 Reproducibility
Six samples for each of the three types of samplers and four different analytes
were collected separately from individual controlled test atmospheres, and
submitted for analysis by the OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center. The samples were
analyzed according to a draft copy of this procedure after being stored at 4 ºC
for 5 days for n-Butyl Acetate and Isobutyl Acetate
and 19 days for sec-Butyl Acetate and
tert-Butyl Acetate. No individual sample result deviated from its theoretical value by more
than the precision reported in Section 1.2.5. (Section 4.6)
2. Sampling Procedure
All safety practices that apply to the work area being sampled should be
followed. The sampling equipment should be attached to the worker in such a
manner that it will not interfere with work performance or safety.
2.1 Apparatus
Charcoal Tubes
Samples are collected using a personal sampling pump calibrated, with
the sampling device attached, to within ±5% of the recommended flow rate.
Samples are collected with 7-cm × 4-mm i.d. × 7-mm o.d. glass sampling
tubes packed with two sections (100/50 mg) of coconut shell charcoal. The
sections are held in place with foam plugs and with a glass wool plug at the
front. For this evaluation, commercially prepared sampling tubes were purchased
from SKC, Inc. (Catalog no. 226-01, lot no. 2000).
3M 3520 OVMs and SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Samples are collected with either 3M 3520 OVMs or with SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers. Samplers were purchased from 3M (catalog no. 3520, contains two
charcoal adsorbent pads, lot no. 5049-11) or from SKC, Inc. (catalog no.
575-002, contains 500 mg of Anasorb 747, lot no. 3974).
A thermometer and a barometer to determine the sampling site air temperature
and atmospheric pressure.
2.2 Reagents
None required
2.3 Technique
2.3.1 Charcoal tubes
Immediately before sampling, break off both ends of the flame-sealed tube to
provide an opening approximately half the internal diameter of the tube. Wear
eye protection when breaking the tube. Use tube holders to minimize the hazard
of broken glass. All tubes should be from the same lot.
The smaller section of the adsorbent tube is used as a back-up and is positioned
nearest the sampling pump. Attach the tube holder to the sampling pump so that
the adsorbent tube is in an approximately vertical position with the inlet
facing down during sampling. Position the sampling pump, tube holder and tubing
so they do not impede work performance or safety.
Draw the air to be sampled directly into the inlet of the tube holder. The air
being sampled is not to be passed through any hose or tubing before entering the
sampling tube.
After sampling for the appropriate time, remove the adsorbent tube and seal
it with plastic end caps. Seal each sample end-to-end with a Form OSHA-21 seal
as soon as possible.
Submit at least one blank sample with each set of samples. Handle the
blank sample in the same manner as the other samples except draw no air through
it.
Record sample air volumes (liters), sampling time (minutes), and sampling
rate (L/min) for each sample, along with any potential interferences on the Form
OSHA-91A.
Submit the samples to the laboratory for analysis as soon as possible
after sampling. As a precaution, store the samples at refrigerator temperature
if a delay in shipment is unavoidable. Ship any bulk samples separate from the
air samples.
2.3.2 3M OVMs (In general, follow the manufacture’s instructions
supplied with the samplers.)
The samplers come individually sealed in small metal cans. When ready to
begin sampling, remove the plastic lid from the can and lift up on the revealed
ring. Pull back on the ring to open the can. Discard the metal top of the can
and remove the sampler. (Caution - The sampler begins to
sample immediately after the can is unsealed.)
Keep the two closure caps with attached port plugs, cup and PTFE tubes
in the can for later use. Close the can with the plastic lid.
Record the start time on the back of the sampler and on Form OSHA-91A.
Attach the sampler to the worker near his/her breathing zone with the
white face forward. Assure that the area directly in front of the sampler is
unobstructed throughout the sampling period. Do not remove the white film and
ring from the sampler until the sampling period is terminated.
At the end of the sampling period, detach the sampler from the worker
and remove the white film and retaining ring. Immediately snap a closure cap
onto the primary (top) section of the sampler (where the white film and ring
were removed). It is critical that this step be done as quickly as possible
because the sampling rate is more than five times faster without the white film
in place, which can be an important consideration, especially for short-term
sampling. Assure that the attached port plugs are placed firmly into the port
holes. The white film and ring can be discarded. Record the stop time on the
back of the sampler and on the Form OSHA-91A.
The following steps should be performed in a low background area for a
set of samplers as soon as possible after sampling.
Ready a blank by removing the white film and ring and attaching the
closure cap onto the unused sampler.
For each sampler (one at a time), separate the primary (top) and
secondary (bottom) sections of the sampler using the edge of a coin as a pry
tool.
Securely snap a cup onto the bottom of the primary section.
Snap a closure cap onto the secondary section of the sampler and assure
that the attached port plugs are placed firmly into the port holes.
Return the sampler sections with closure caps and cup in place to the
metal can which contains the PTFE tubes (which will be used by the laboratory).
Close the can with the plastic lid, and seal it with a Form OSHA-21.
Verify that the sampling times are properly recorded on Form OSHA-91A
for each sample. Also, identify blank samples on this form.
Record the room temperature and atmospheric pressure of the sampling
site on Form OSHA-91A.
List any compounds that could be considered potential interferences,
especially solvents that are being used in the sampling area.
Submit the samples to the laboratory for analysis as soon as possible
after sampling. As a precaution, store the samples at refrigerator temperature
if a delay in shipment is unavoidable. Ship any bulk samples separate from the
air samples.
2.3.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers (In general, follow the
manufacturer's instructions.)
Open the top of the aluminum bag and open the closure to remove the
sampler from the container, just before sampling is to begin.
Caution- The sampler begins to sample immediately
after the aluminum bag is opened. Save the O-ring, press-on cover, cover
retainer, port plugs and PTFE tube in the aluminum bag for later use.
Record the start time on the sampler label and on Form OSHA-91A.
Attach the sampler to the worker near his/her breathing zone with the
perforations in the sampler facing forward. Assure that the area directly in
front of the sampler is unobstructed throughout the sampling period.
At the end of the sampling period, immediately detach the sampler from
the worker and attach the cover with the O-ring in place onto the sampler using
the cover retainer. Visually inspect the O-ring to be sure it is forming a
proper seal around the entire circumference of the sampler. Record the stop time
on the sampler label and on Form OSHA-91A. Place the sampler in the aluminum
bag, close the bag and place a Form OSHA-21 seal over the closure.
The following steps should be performed in a low background area for a
set of samplers as soon as possible after sampling. Prepare a blank by removing
an unused sampler from its aluminum package and immediately attaching a cover
with the O-ring in place. Replace the sampler into the aluminum bag, close the
bag, and seal with a Form OSHA 21 over the closure.
Verify that the sampling times are properly recorded on Form OSHA-91A
for each sample. Also, identify blank samples on this form.
Record the room temperature and atmospheric pressure of the sampling
site on the Form OSHA-91A.
List any compounds that could be considered potential interferences,
especially solvents, which are being used in the sampling area.
Submit the samples to the laboratory for analysis as soon as possible
after sampling. As a precaution, store the samples at refrigerator temperature
if a delay in shipment is unavoidable. Include all port plugs and PTFE tubes
which will be used by the laboratory for analyses. Ship any bulk sample(s) in a
container separate from the air samples.
2.4 Sampler capacity (Section 4.7)
2.4.1 Charcoal tubes
The sampling capacity of charcoal tubes was determined using test
atmospheres containing the analyte. The test atmospheres were all generated
individually for each of the analytes because of possible capacity issues. The
concentrations of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3
or 298 ppm) with an average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. The samples were
collected at 0.05 L/min. The 5% breakthrough air volumes at 80% RH and 23ºC
were determined to be 25.0 L for n-Butyl Acetate,
17.1 L for sec-Butyl Acetate, 18.1 L for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 25.2 L for Isobutyl Acetate.
2.4.2 3M 3520 OVMs and SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
The sampling rate and capacity of the 3M 3520 OVMs and the SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers were determined by using test atmospheres containing the analyte. The
test atmospheres were all generated individually for each of the analytes
because of possible capacity issues. The concentrations of the test atmospheres
were: n-Butyl Acetate (1449 mg/m3 or 305
ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (1892 mg/m3 or
398 ppm), tert-Butyl Acetate (1925 mg/m3 or 405 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (1430 mg/m3 or 301 ppm), with an average relative humidity
of 80% at 23ºC. Samples were collected for increasing time intervals. Sampler
capacity is exceeded when the sampling rate decreases (greater than 4.8 hours
for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and greater than 6.4 hours for
n-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, and
Isobutyl Acetate on both 3M 3520 OVMs and SKC 757-002 Passive Samplers). The
average sampling rates on 3M 3520 OVMs were determined to be 31.19 mL/min for
n-Butyl Acetate, 28.11 mL/min for sec-Butyl
Acetate, 28.94 mL/min for tert-Butyl Acetate, and
30.43 mL/min for Isobutyl Acetate. The average sampling rates on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers were determined to be 13.07 mL/min for n-Butyl
Acetate, 12.74 mL/min for sec-Butyl Acetate, 13.09 mL/min for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 13.16 mL/min for Isobutyl Acetate. The
recommended sampling times for this method are 15 minutes for STEL, and 240
minutes for TWA sampling.
2.5 Extraction efficiency (Section 4.8)
It is the responsibility of each analytical laboratory to determine the
extraction efficiency of the analyte from the media because the adsorbent
material, internal standard, reagents and laboratory techniques may be different
than those listed in this evaluation and influence the results.
2.5.1 Charcoal tubes
The mean extraction efficiencies from dry charcoal tubes over the range
of RQL to 2 times the target concentration were: 99.3% for
n-Butyl Acetate (0.002 to 17.1 mg/sample),
99.2% for sec-Butyl Acetate (0.001 to 23.0
mg/sample), 99.3% for tert-Butyl Acetate (0.003 to
22.7 mg/sample), and 99.1% for Isobutyl Acetate (0.002 to 17.2 mg/sample). The
extraction efficiency was not affected by the presence of water.
Extracted samples remain stable for at least 24 h.
2.5.2 3M 3520 OVMs
The mean extraction efficiencies from dry 3M 3520 OVMs over the range of
RQL to 2 times the target concentration were: 98.9% for
n-Butyl Acetate (0.002 to 10.8 mg/sample),
99.1% for sec-Butyl Acetate (0.002 to 14.4
mg/sample), 99.0% for tert-Butyl Acetate (0.003 to
14.4 mg/sample), and 99.2% for Isobutyl Acetate (0.002 to 10.8 mg/sample). The
extraction efficiency was not affected by the presence of water.
Extracted samples remain stable for at least 24 h.
2.5.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
The mean extraction efficiencies from dry SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
over the range of RQL to 2 times the target concentration were: 99.2% for
n-Butyl Acetate (0.002 to 4.41 mg/sample), 99.1% for
sec-Butyl Acetate (0.001 to 5.88 mg/sample), 98.9% for
tert-Butyl Acetate (0.002 to 5.88
mg/sample), and 99.1% for Isobutyl Acetate (0.002 to 4.42 mg/sample). The
extraction efficiency was not affected by the presence of water.
Extracted samples remain stable for at least 24 h.
2.6 Recommended sampling time and sampling rate
2.6.1 Charcoal tubes
Sample with charcoal tubes for up to 240 min at 0.05 L/min (12 L) to
collect TWA (long-term) samples, and for 15 min at 0.05 L/min (0.75 L) to
collect short-term samples.
When short-term samples are collected, the air concentration equivalent
to the reliable quantitation limit becomes larger. For example, the reliable
quantitation limits for charcoal tubes are 0.59 ppm (2.8 mg/m3) for
n-Butyl Acetate, 0.39 ppm (1.9 mg/m3) for
sec-Butyl Acetate, 0.73 ppm (3.5 mg/m3)
for tert-Butyl Acetate, and 0.62 ppm (2.9 mg/m3)
for Isobutyl Acetate when 0.75 L are collected.
2.6.2 3M 3520 OVMs
Sample with 3M 3520 OVMs for up to 240 min to collect TWA (long-term)
samples, and for 15 min to collect short-term samples. The sampling rates are
31.19 mL/min for n-Butyl Acetate, 28.11 mL/min for
sec-Butyl Acetate, 28.94 mL/min for tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 30.43 mL/min for Isobutyl Acetate.
When short-term samples are collected, the air concentration equivalent
to the reliable quantitation limit becomes larger. For example, the reliable
quantitation limits for 3M 3520 OVMs are 0.85 ppm (4.0 mg/m3) for
n-Butyl Acetate with an air volume of 0.47 L (15 min x 31.19 mL/min), 1.1
ppm (5.0 mg/m3) for sec-Butyl Acetate
with 0.42 L (15 min x 28.11 mL/min), 1.4 ppm (6.7 mg/m3) for
tert-Butyl Acetate with 0.43 L (15 min x
28.94 mL/min), and 0.69 ppm (3.3 mg/m3) for Isobutyl Acetate with
0.46 L (15 min x 30.43 mL/min) collected.
2.6.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Sample with SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers for up to 240 min to collect
TWA (long-term) samples, and for 15 min to collect short-term samples. The
sampling rates are 13.07 mL/min for n-Butyl Acetate,
12.74 mL/min for sec-Butyl Acetate, 13.09 mL/min for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 13.16 mL/min for Isobutyl Acetate.
When short-term samples are collected, the air concentration equivalent
to the reliable quantitation limit becomes larger. For example, the reliable
quantitation limits for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers are 1.6 ppm (7.5 mg/m3)
for n-Butyl Acetate with an air volume of 0.20 L (15
min x 13.07 mL/min), 1.3 ppm (6.3 mg/m3) for sec-Butyl
Acetate with 0.19 L (15 min x 12.74 mL/min), 2.5 ppm (12 mg/m3) for
tert-Butyl Acetate with 0.20 L (15 min x 13.09 mL/min), and 2.3 ppm (11
mg/m3) for Isobutyl Acetate with 0.20 L (15 min x 13.16 mL/min)
collected.
2.7 Interferences, sampling (Section 4.9)
2.7.1 Charcoal tubes
Retention
The mean retention efficiency was 99.8% for n-Butyl
Acetate, 99.9% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 100.4% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 100.3% for Isobutyl Acetate, when charcoal tubes
containing 4300 μg of n-Butyl Acetate, 5730 μg of
sec-Butyl Acetate, 5780 μg of
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 4250 μg of
Isobutyl Acetate were allowed to sample 9 L of contaminant-free air having an average
relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. (Section 4.9.1)
Low humidity
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analytes from a relatively
dry atmosphere was determined by sampling an atmosphere containing two times the
target concentration and approximately 20% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres
were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The mean recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 99.4% for n-Butyl Acetate, 99.4%
for sec-Butyl Acetate, 99.5% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 99.4% for Isobutyl Acetate. (Section 4.9.1)
Low concentration
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analytes at low
concentrations was tested by sampling an atmosphere at 0.1 times the target
concentration with approximately 80% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were
dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The mean recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 99.8% for n-Butyl Acetate, 99.1%
for sec-Butyl Acetate, 99.1% for
tert-Butyl Acetate,
and 100.1% for Isobutyl Acetate. (Section 4.9.1)
Sampling interference
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analyte when other
potential interferences are present was tested by sampling individual
atmospheres containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl
alcohol, hexone, and toluene at an average humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate
test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these
interferences. The concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test
atmospheres were: n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3
or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Each test atmosphere also had the
following concentrations of the interference mixture in it: n-butyl alcohol (302
mg/m3 or 101 ppm), hexone (408 mg/m3 or 99 ppm), and
toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers had contaminated air
drawn through them at 0.05 L/min for 240 min for each test. All of the samples
were immediately analyzed. The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were:
n-Butyl Acetate 99.0%, sec-Butyl Acetate
99.7%, tert-Butyl Acetate 99.2%, and Isobutyl
Acetate 99.5%. There was no analyte on the backup portion of the charcoal tubes
for any of the tests.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from
the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test atmosphere at the PEL
level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of
80% at 22 °C. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or
203 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns
about the capacity of the media to collect all four analytes at these
concentrations without breakthrough, three charcoal tubes were collected at 0.05
L/min for 2 hours instead of the 4 hours listed in "Evaluation Guidelines for
Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis".23 The recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 101.1%, 99.7%, and 98.1% for n-Butyl
Acetate; 100.3%, 99.3%, and 97.1% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 101.7%, 99.5%, and 98.4% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and 101.5%, 99.5%, and 97.8% for Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte
on the backup section of the charcoal tubes for any of the tests. (Section
4.9.1)
2.7.2 3M 3520 OVMs
Reverse diffusion
Reverse diffusion is a measure of the ability of the sorbent within a
diffusive sampler to retain the analyte collected. Reverse diffusion is measured
by first exposing two sets of samplers to humid air containing the analyte, and
then additionally exposing one of the sets to clean humid air of an average
relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically
generated for each analyte. Comparison of the two sets of 3M 3520 OVMs showed
that an average recovery of 99.3% for n-Butyl
Acetate, 97.8% for
sec-Butyl Acetate, 98.0% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 100.4% for Isobutyl Acetate was retained.
(Section 4.9.2)
Low humidity
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analyte from a relatively dry
atmosphere was determined by sampling an atmosphere containing two times the
target concentration and an average relative humidity of approximately 20% at
23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the
analytes. The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were: n-Butyl
Acetate 99.8%,
sec-Butyl Acetate 99.6%,
tert-Butyl Acetate 98.4%, and Isobutyl Acetate 99.9%. (Section 4.9.2)
Low concentration
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analytes at low concentration
was determined by sampling a test atmosphere containing 0.1 times the target
concentration of the analyte in an atmosphere at approximately 80% RH at 23ºC.
Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes.
The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were: were n-Butyl
Acetate 98.6%, sec-Butyl Acetate 98.8%, tert-Butyl
Acetate 97.7%, and Isobutyl Acetate 99.0%. (Section 4.9.2)
Sampling interference
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analyte when other potential
interferences are present was tested by sampling individual atmospheres
containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl alcohol,
hexone, and toluene at an average humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate test
atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these
interferences. The concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test
atmospheres were: n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3
or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Each test atmosphere also had the
following concentrations of the interference mixture in it: n-butyl alcohol (302
mg/m3 or 101 ppm), hexone (408 mg/m3 or 99 ppm), and
toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers were exposed for 240
min in each test. All of the samples were immediately analyzed. The mean
recoveries (% of theoretical) were: n-Butyl Acetate
100.3%, sec-Butyl Acetate 101.0%, tert butyl acetate
100.1%, and Isobutyl Acetate 99.5%. There was no analyte on the backup pad of
the sampler for any of the tests.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from
the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test atmosphere at the PEL
level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of
80% at 22 °C. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns about the capacity of
the media to collect all four analytes at these concentrations, three 3M 3520
OVMs were collected for 2 hours instead of the 4 hours listed in "Evaluation
Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis".24 The recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 100.2%, 99.1%, and 96.9% for n-Butyl
Acetate; 100.8%, 99.6%, and 98.2% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 101.1%, 99.7%, and 98.1% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and 100.6%, 99.1%, and 98.0% for Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte
on the backup pad of the sampler for any of the tests. This test also shows that
the presence of all four analytes had no significant effect on the sampling rate
for any of the individual analytes. (Section 4.9.2)
2.7.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Reverse diffusion
Reverse diffusion is a measure of the ability of the sorbent within a diffusive
sampler to retain the analyte collected. Reverse diffusion is measured by first
exposing two sets of samplers to humid air containing the analyte, and then
additionally exposing one of the sets to clean humid air of an average relative
humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated
for each of the analytes. Comparison of the two sets of SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers showed that an average recovery of 100.4% for n-Butyl
Acetate, 98.0% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 97.4% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 99.1% for Isobutyl Acetate was retained. (Section
4.9.3)
Low humidity
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analyte from
a relatively dry atmosphere was determined by sampling an atmosphere containing
two times the target concentration and an average relative humidity of
approximately 20% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated
for each of the analytes. The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were:
n-Butyl Acetate 99.9%, sec-Butyl Acetate
100.6%, tert-Butyl Acetate 100.4%, and Isobutyl
Acetate 100.5%. (Section 4.9.3)
Low concentration
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analytes at
low concentration was tested by creating separate test atmospheres containing
0.1 times the target concentration of the analyte at approximately 80% RH at
23ºC. The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were: n-Butyl
Acetate 98.1%, sec-Butyl Acetate 97.3%,
tert-Butyl Acetate 98.5%, and Isobutyl Acetate 98.3%. (Section 4.9.3)
Sampling interference
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analyte when
other potential interferences are present was tested by sampling individual
atmospheres containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl
alcohol, hexone, and toluene at an average humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate
test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these
interferences. The concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test
atmospheres were: n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3
or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3
or 201 ppm), tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3
or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Each test
atmosphere also had the following concentrations of the interference mixture in
it: n-butyl alcohol (302 mg/m3 or 101 ppm), hexone (408 mg/m3
or 99 ppm), and toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers were
exposed for 240 min in each test. All of the samples were immediately analyzed.
The mean recoveries (% of theoretical) were: n-Butyl
Acetate 101.3%, sec-Butyl Acetate 100.5%, tert butyl
acetate 100.3%, and Isobutyl Acetate 99.7%.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from
the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test atmosphere at the PEL
level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of
80% at 22 °C. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns about the capacity of
the media to collect all four analytes at these concentrations, three SKC
575-002 Passive Samplers were collected for 2 hours instead of the 4 hours
listed in "Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing
Chromatographic Analysis".25 The recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 102.1%, 99.4%, and 97.6% for n-Butyl
Acetate; 101.0%, 99.6%, and 98.3% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 100.4%, 99.1%, and 96.8% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 100.8%, 99.3%, and
97.6% for Isobutyl Acetate. This test also shows that the presence of all four
analytes had no significant effect on the sampling rate for any of the
individual analytes. (Section 4.9.3)
3. Analytical Procedure
Adhere to the rules set down in your Chemical Hygiene Plan.26 Avoid skin contact and
inhalation of all chemicals and review all MSDSs before beginning this
analytical procedure.
3.1 Apparatus
Gas chromatograph equipped with an FID. A Hewlett-Packard Model 6890 GC
equipped with an integrator, an automatic sample injector, and an FID was used
in this evaluation.
A GC column capable of separating n-Butyl
Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate,
tert-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl Acetate from the extracting solvent, poterntial interferences, and internal standard. A Restek 60-m × 0.32-mm i.d.
Stabilwax (1-μm df) capillary column was used in this evaluation.
An electronic integrator or other suitable means of measuring GC detector
response. A Waters Empower 2 Data System, along with a Hewlett Packard 3396
Series II integrator were used in this evaluation.
Glass vials with PTFE-lined caps. For this evaluation 2 and 4-mL vials were
used.
A dispenser capable of delivering 1.0 or 2.0 mL of extracting solvent to
prepare standards and samples. If a dispenser is not available, 1.0- and 2.0-mL
volumetric pipets can be used.
Class A volumetric flasks - 10-mL and other convenient sizes for preparing
standards.
Calibrated 10-μL syringe for preparing standards.
An SKC Desorption shaker with rack (226D-03K) was used to extract SKC
575-002 Passive Samplers in this evaluation.
A mechanical shaker. An Eberbach mechanical shaker was used to extract the
charcoal tubes and 3M pads in this evaluation.
3.2 Reagents
n-Butyl Acetate, [CAS no. 123-86-4], reagent
grade or better. The n-Butyl Acetate used in this
evaluation was 99.5+% (lot no. 00262DC) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee,
WI).
sec-Butyl Acetate, [CAS no. 105-46-4], reagent
grade or better. The sec-Butyl Acetate used in this
evaluation was 99% (lot no. 12930HD) purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI).
tert-Butyl Acetate, [CAS no. 540-88-5], reagent
grade or better. The tert-Butyl Acetate used in this
evaluation was 99+% (lot no. 17531AB) purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI).
Isobutyl Acetate, [CAS no. 110-19-0], reagent grade or better. The Isobutyl
Acetate used in this evaluation was 99+% (lot no. 00262DC) purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI).
Carbon disulfide (CS2), [CAS no. 75-15-0], reagent grade or
better. The carbon disulfide used in this evaluation was 99.9+% low benzene
content grade (lot no. 11561HC) purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI).
n-Hexyl benzene [CAS no. 1077-16-3], reagent grade or better. The n-hexyl
benzene (listed as 1-phenyl hexane on the bottle) used in this evaluation was
97% (lot no. 06202KO) purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI).
The extraction solvent used for this evaluation consisted of 0.25 μL/mL n
hexyl benzene in the CS2. The n hexyl benzene was added to CS2
as an internal standard. Other internal standards can be used provided they are
fully tested.
3.3 Standard preparation
Charcoal tubes are extracted with 1 mL of extraction solvent. Prepare
analytical standards for each of the analytes by injection of microliter amounts
of the analytes into 1-mL volumetric flasks and diluting with the extraction
solvent over a concentration range of 0.002 to 23 mg/mL. For example: a target
concentration standard for n-Butyl Acetate was
prepared by injecting 10 μL of n-Butyl Acetate into
a 1-mL volumetric flask containing about 0.75 mL of extracting solvent and then
diluting to the mark with extraction solvent (8.83 mg/mL, or 155 ppm based on a
1-mL extraction and 12 L air volume) Similarly the other analytes would be
prepared as follows: for 200 ppm
sec-Butyl Acetate use 13 μL/mL (11.4 mg/mL), for
196 ppm tert-Butyl Acetate use 13 μL/mL (11.2 mg/mL),
and for 153 ppm Isobutyl Acetate use 10 μL/mL (8.71 mg/mL).
The diffusive samplers are extracted into 2 mL of the extraction solvent.
Prepare analytical standards for each of the analytes by injection of microliter
amounts of the analytes into 2-mL volumetric flasks and diluting with extraction
solvent. For example: a target concentration level (for 3M 3520 OVM) standard
for n-Butyl Acetate was prepared by injecting 6 μL
of n-Butyl Acetate into a 2-mL volumetric flask
containing about 1.75 mL extraction solvent and then diluting to the mark with
extraction solvent (5.30 mg/2 mL or 2.65 mg/mL).
Bracket sample concentrations with standard concentrations. If upon
analysis, sample concentrations fall outside the range of prepared standards,
prepare and analyze additional standards to confirm instrument response, or
dilute high samples with extraction solvent and reanalyze the diluted samples.
3.4 Sample preparation
3.4.1 Charcoal tubes
Remove the plastic end caps from the sample tube and carefully transfer
each section of the adsorbent to separate 2-mL vials. Discard the glass tube
and glass wool and polyurethane plugs.
Add 1.0 mL of extracting solution to each vial and immediately seal the
vials with PTFE-lined caps.
Shake the vials on a shaker for 30 min (Shaking is necessary to obtain
the extraction efficiency found in this method; without shaking the
extraction efficiencies will be lower.)
3.4.2 3M 3520 OVMs (In general, follow the manufacturer's instructions.)
Remove both sampler sections from the metal can, along with the sections
of PTFE tubing. Assure that the closure caps are firmly snapped to the
primary and secondary sections of all the samplers, that all cap plugs are
firmly seated in the cap ports, and that the bottom closure cup for the
secondary section is firmly in place. Any deviations must be noted. Make
sure each section of the sampler is labeled properly for future reference.
Prepare one section of the sampler at a time by temporarily removing the
cap plugs from the ports and pipeting 2.0 mL of extraction solvent through
the center port. Immediately replace the plugs in the ports. Repeat the
process for the second section.
Allow the sampler sections to extract for 30 min. Periodically apply
gentle agitation to the sampler sections during the extraction period.
Do not leave the extracted sample in the sampler. Transfer the solution
from each sampler section by removing both plugs from the ports, inserting a
decanting spout (a small section of PTFE tubing) into the rim port and
pouring the liquid through the spout into a labeled 2-mL autosampler vial.
Immediately cap each vial.
An alternate means of extraction for the 3M 3520 OVMs is to remove the
cap, pull off the interior retaining ring, remove the charcoal pad, and
place the pad into a labeled 4-mL vial. Remove the pad from the second
section of the sampler in similar fashion. Add 2-mL of the extraction
solvent to each vial and cap the vial. Shake the vial occasionally by hand
over the next 30 minutes (at least 5 times), or shake on a shaker for 30
min. Transfer the sample into a labeled 2-mL autosampler vial. Immediately
cap each vial.
Extraction studies at the PEL level showed similar extraction
efficiencies whether the samples were extracted inside the sampler, or with
the charcoal pad removed and extracted in a 4-mL vial (Table 4.8.2.5). The
3M 3520 OVM consists of two sections which are separated after sampling. A
bottom closure cap is then placed on the top section and top caps on both
sections. It was often difficult to get the bottom closure cap seated
properly on the top section of the 3M 3520 OVM. If the bottom closure cap
was not seated properly, the extraction solvent would leak out through any
open space. Most of the samples extracted in this method were by the second,
alternate, extraction method, with each pad removed from the sampler, and
placed into separate labeled 4-mL vials for extraction.
3.4.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers (In general, follow the manufacturer's
instructions.)
Cut off the ends of the two protruding tubes of each sampler with
scissors, razor blade, or sharp knife.
Slowly pipet 2.0 mL of extraction solvent through one of the protruding
tubes (ports), stopping at least once to allow the bubbling to subside
before adding the rest of the extraction solvent.
Immediately insert plugs into the ports.
Mount the samplers in the sampler rack of a specialized shaker (SKC Cat.
No. 226D-03K) and shake the samplers for 1 hour.
Do not leave the extracted sample in the sampler. Transfer each
extracted sample by removing the plugs from the sampler ports, firmly
inserting the tapered end of a supplied PTFE tube into the outer port and
carefully pouring the solution through the PTFE tube into a labeled
autosampler vial. Immediately cap each vial.
3.5 Analysis
3.5.1 Gas chromatography conditions:
Zone temperatures:
|
column: |
initial 50 ºC, hold 4 min, program at 10
ºC/min to 170 ºC, hold 4 min |
injector: |
250 ºC |
detector: |
260 ºC |
|
|
run time: |
20 min |
column gas flow: |
1.5 mL/min (hydrogen) |
injection size: |
1.0 µL (10:1 split) |
column: |
60-m × 0.32 mm i.d. Stabilwax capillary
column (df = 1 μm) |
retention times: |
carbon disulfide 4.86 min,
tert-Butyl Acetate 7.58 min, sec-Butyl Acetate 9.29 min,
Isobutyl Acetate 9.81 min,
n-Butyl Acetate 10.9 min, and n-hexyl benzene
18.6 min |
|
|
FID conditions:
|
|
hydrogen flow: |
30 mL/min |
air flow: |
400 mL/min |
nitrogen makeup flow: |
20 mL/min |
|
|
Peak areas are measured with an
integrator or other suitable means. |
|
|
Figure 3.5.1. A chromatogram of 8.83
mg/mL
n-Butyl Acetate, 8.71 mg/mL Isobutyl Acetate,
11.4 mg/mL sec-Butyl Acetate, 11.2 mg/mL
tert-Butyl Acetate in the extraction solution. (Key: (1) CS2;
(2)
tert-Butyl Acetate; (3) sec-Butyl
Acetate; (4) Isobutyl Acetate; (5) n-Butyl Acetate; and (6) n-hexyl benzene
(ISTD)) |
3.5.2 An internal standard (ISTD) calibration method is used. A calibration
curve can be constructed by plotting response of standard injections versus
micrograms of analyte per sample. Bracket the samples with freshly prepared
analytical standards over the range of concentrations.
Figure 3.5.2.1. Calibration curve for n-Butyl
Acetate. (y = 162x – 3.97E4)
|
|
Figure 3.5.2.2. Calibration curve for sec-Butyl
Acetate.
(y = 156x – 6.13E4)
|
Figure 3.5.2.3. Calibration curve for tert-Butyl
Acetate. (y = 158x – 5.29E4) |
|
Figure 3.5.2.4. Calibration curve for Isobutyl Acetate.
(y = 166x - 5.60E4) |
Any compound that produces a GC response and has a similar retention time as the
analyte is a potential interference. If any potential interferences were
reported, they should be considered before samples are extracted. Generally,
chromatographic conditions can be altered to separate an interference from the
analyte.
When necessary, the identity or purity of an analyte peak can be confirmed
by GC-mass spectrometry, or by another analytical procedure (Section 4.10)
3.7 Calculations
3.7.1 Charcoal tubes
The amount of analyte per sampler is obtained from the appropriate
calibration curve in terms of micrograms per sample, uncorrected for extraction
efficiency. The amount found on the back section of the charcoal tube is added
to the front section for the total loading on the charcoal tube. The back-up
section is analyzed separately to determine the extent of analyte saturation to
determine if breakthrough occurred. This total amount is then corrected by
subtracting the total amount (if any) found on the blank. The air concentration
is calculated using the following formulas.
CM
= |
M |
|
Where: |
CM is concentration by weight (mg/m3)
M is micrograms per sample
V is liters of air sampled
EE is extraction efficiency, in
decimal form |
|
VEE |
|
|
|
|
CV
= |
VMCM |
|
Where: |
CV is concentration by volume (ppm)
VM is 24.46 (molar volume at NTP)
CM is concentration by weight (mg/m3)
Mr is molecular weight of analyte
(isomers of n butyl acetate = 116.16) |
|
Mr |
3.7.2 3M 3520 OVMs and SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
The amount of analyte for the samples is obtained from the appropriate calibration curve in terms of micrograms per sample, uncorrected
for extraction efficiency. In the case of the 3M 3520 OVMs, the back section is analyzed primarily to determine the extent of sampler
saturation. If any analyte is found on the back section, the amount is multiplied by 2.2 (as per manufacturer’s instructions) and then
added to the amount on the front section. The 3M 3520 OVM sampler is deemed saturated when the corrected amount found on the back
section is 50% of the amount found on the front section.
The total amount is corrected by subtracting
the total amount (if any) found
on the blank. The SKC 575-002 Passive samplers have only
one section. The total micrograms per sample are the amount found on the
sampler minus the amount found on the blank (if any). |
|
Table 3.7.2
Sampling Rates of Diffusive Samplers (mL/min)
|
analyte |
3M 3520 OVM |
SKC 575-002 |
|
n-Butyl
Acetate
sec-Butyl Acetate
tert-Butyl Acetate
Isobutyl Acetate |
31.19
28.11
28.94
30.43 |
13.07
12.74
13.09
13.16 |
|
|
The air concentration is calculated using the following formulas.
RSS = RNTP ( |
TSS |
)3/2( |
PNTP |
) |
|
|
TNTP |
PSS |
|
Where: |
RSS is the sampling rate at sampling
site
TSS is the sampling site temperature
in K
TNTP is 298.2 K
PSS is the sampling site pressure in
mmHg
PNTP is 760 mmHg
RNTP is the sampling rate at NTP
conditions
|
CM |
= |
M1000 |
|
Where: |
CM is concentration by weight (mg/m3)
M is micrograms per sample
RSS is the sampling rate at the sampling site
t is the sampling time (min)
EE is extraction efficiency, in decimal form |
|
|
tRSSEE |
|
|
|
|
|
Where: |
CV is concentration by volume (ppm)
VM is molar volume at 25 °C = 24.46
CM is concentration by weight (mg/m3)
Mr is molecular weight of analyte (isomers of n butyl acetate = 116.16) |
If the sampling site temperature is not provided, assume that it is 22.2ºC. If the sampling site atmospheric pressure is not given,
calculate an approximate value based on the sampling site elevation from the following equation.
PSS = AE2 - BE + 760 |
Where: |
PSS is the approximate atmospheric pressure
E is the sampling site elevation, ft
A is 3.887 10-7 mmHg/ft2
B is 0.02748 mmHg/ft |
4. Backup data
General background information about the determination of detection limits and precision of the overall procedure is found in the "Evaluation
Guidelines for Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatography Analysis".27 The Guidelines define analytical parameters, specify required
laboratory tests, statistical calculations and acceptance criteria.
4.1 Detection limit of the analytical procedure (DLAP)
The DLAP is measured as the mass of analyte introduced onto the chromatographic column. Ten analytical standards were prepared with equally
descending increments with the highest standard containing 5.30 μg/mL
n-Butyl Acetate, 5.20 μg/mL sec-Butyl
Acetate, 5.15 μg/mL tert-Butyl Acetate and 5.20 μg/mL
Isobutyl Acetate. These are the concentrations that would produce peaks approximately 10 times the response of a
reagent blank near the elution time of the analyte. These standards, and the reagent blank were analyzed with the recommended analytical
parameters (1-μL injection with a 1:10 split), and the data obtained were used to determine the required parameters (standard error of
estimate and slope) for the calculation of the DLAP. The slope and standard error of estimate, respectively, for n-butyl acetate were
1.88 and 14.67; for sec-Butyl Acetate were 1.73 and 15.99; for
tert-Butyl Acetate were 1.57 and 15.52, and Isobutyl Acetate were 1.83 and
17.08. DLAP was calculated to be 23.5 pg for n-Butyl
Acetate, 27.7 pg for sec-Butyl Acetate, 29.7 pg for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 28.0 pg
for Isobutyl Acetate.
Table 4.1.1
Detection Limit of the Analytical Procedure for n-Butyl
Acetate
|
concentration (μg/mL) |
mass on column (pg) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
0
0.53
1.06
1.59
2.12
2.65
3.18
3.71
4.24
4.77
5.30 |
0
53
106
159
212
265
318
371
424
477
530 |
0
96
193
266
396
465
587
684
767
887
1004 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.1.1. Plot of data to determine the DLAP
for n-Butyl Acetate. (y =
1.88x – 11.0)
|
Table 4.1.2
Detection Limit of the Analytical Procedure for sec-Butyl
Acetate
|
concentration (μg/mL) |
mass on column (pg) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
0
0.52
1.04
1.56
2.08
2.60
3.12
3.64
4.16
4.68
5.20 |
0
52
104
156
208
260
312
364
416
468
520 |
0
98
192
311
367
433
545
634
743
806
919 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.1.2. Plot of data to determine the DLAP of sec-Butyl
Acetate. (y
=1.73x + 8.73)
|
Table 4.1.3
Detection Limit of the Analytical Procedure for
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
concentration (μg/mL) |
mass on column (pg) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
0
0.52
1.03
1.55
2.06
2.58
3.09
3.61
4.12
4.64
5.15 |
0
52
103
155
206
258
309
361
412
464
515 |
0
91
160
239
331
385
466
537
649
723
830 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.1.3. Plot of data to determine the DLAP for
tert-Butyl Acetate. (y
=1.57x – 2.80)
|
Table 4.1.4
Detection Limit of the Analytical Procedure for Isobutyl Acetate
|
concentration (μg/mL) |
mass on column (pg) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
0
0.52
1.04
1.56
2.08
2.60
3.12
3.64
4.16
4.68
5.20 |
0
52
104
156
208
260
312
364
416
468
520 |
0
114
218
306
394
478
573
645
759
871
989 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.1.4. Plot of data to determine the DLAP for Isobutyl Acetate. (y
=1.83x +10.96) |
4.2 Detection limit of the overall procedure (DLOP) and reliable quantitation limit (RQL)
DLOP is measured as mass per sample and expressed as equivalent air concentrations, based on the recommended sampling parameters.
Ten samplers were spiked with equally descending increments of analyte. The highest amount is the amount spiked on the sampler that
would produce a peak approximately 10 times the response of a sample blank. These spiked samplers, and the sample blank were
analyzed with the recommended analytical parameters, and the data obtained used to calculate the required parameters (standard error
of estimate and the slope) for the calculation of the DLOP.
Table 4.2
Detection Limits of the Overall Procedure
|
sampler |
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
|
charcoal tube
3M 3520
SKC 575-002 |
0.62
0.58
0.44 |
10.9
16.3
29.5 |
51.7
77.4
140 |
0.42
0.62
0.37 |
7.37
19.3
25.5 |
35.0
91.9
121 |
0.77
0.87
0.72 |
13.5
26.4
48.3 |
64.2
125
229 |
0.66
0.46
0.66 |
11.6
13.3
44.0 |
55.0
63.0
209 |
|
Table 4.2.1
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for n-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on Charcoal Tubes
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.06
2.12
3.18
4.24
5.30
6.36
7.42
8.48
9.54
10.6 |
0
224
374
618
743
976
1143
1380
1565
1721
1829 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.1. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
n-Butyl Acetate on
charcoal tubes. (y = 177x + 23.5)
|
Table 4.2.2
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for sec-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on Charcoal Tubes
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
197
358
595
728
912
1076
1282
1403
1596
1759 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.2. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
sec-Butyl Acetate
on charcoal tubes. (y = 168x + 25.6)
|
Table 4.2.3
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for tert-Butyl
Acetate
Collected on Charcoal Tubes
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.03
2.06
3.09
4.12
5.15
6.18
7.21
8.24
9.27
10.3 |
0
193
397
489
696
792
894
1122
1252
1453
1629 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.3. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
tert-Butyl Acetate
on charcoal tubes. (y = 152x + 28.2)
|
Table 4.2.4
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for Isobutyl Acetate Collected
on Charcoal Tubes
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
219
406
634
734
969
1147
1372
1578
1719
1826 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.4. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for Isobutyl Acetate on
charcoal tubes. (y = 180x + 30.6)
|
Table 4.2.5
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for n-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on 3M 3520 OVM
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.06
212
3.18
4.24
5.30
6.36
7.42
8.48
9.54
10.6 |
0
99
203
314
360
467
563
664
783
886
989 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.5. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
n-Butyl Acetate on
3M 3520 OVM. (y = 92.1x -3.64)
|
Table 4.2.6
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for sec-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
85
194
273
353
428
511
631
756
808
916 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.6. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
sec-Butyl Acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVM. (y = 87.7x - 5.55)
|
Table 4.2.7
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for tert-Butyl
Acetate
Collected on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.03
2.06
3.09
4.12
5.15
6.18
7.21
8.24
9.27
10.3 |
0
95
185
234
300
359
442
556
639
726
817 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.7. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
tert-Butyl Acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVM. (y = 77.3x – 2.32)
|
Table 4.2.8
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for Isobutyl Acetate Collected
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
113
209
308
366
498
571
667
760
838
960 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.8. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for Isobutyl Acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVM. (y = 89.8x + 13.8)
|
Table 4.2.9
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for n-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.06
2.12
3.18
4.24
5.30
6.36
7.42
8.48
9.54
10.6 |
0
103
201
279
398
474
590
712
783
901
1017 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.9. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
n-Butyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. (y = 95.0x – 7.50)
|
Table 4.2.10
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for sec-Butyl
Acetate Collected
on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
93
186
284
371
432
549
639
749
834
924 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.10. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
sec-Butyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. (y = 88.8x – 1.77)
|
Table 4.2.11
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for tert-Butyl
Acetate
Collected on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.03
2.06
3.09
4.12
5.15
6.18
7.21
8.24
9.27
10.3 |
0
81
156
236
308
353
452
536
639
718
819 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.11. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for
tert-Butyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. (y = 78.0x – 10.9)
|
Table 4.2.12
Detection Limit of the Overall Procedure for Isobutyl Acetate Collected
on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
mass per sample
(µg) |
area counts
(µV•s) |
|
0
1.04
2.08
3.12
4.16
5.20
6.24
7.28
8.32
9.36
10.4 |
0
112
214
303
390
471
570
639
754
876
997 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.2.12. Plot of data to determine the DLOP/RQL for Isobutyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. (y = 91.9x + 6.32) |
The RQL is considered the lower limit for precise quantitative measurements. It is determined from the regression line parameters obtained
for the calculation of the DLOP, providing 75% to 125% of the analyte is recovered. The RQLs for the various media are listed in
Table 4.2.13.
Table 4.2.13
Reliable Quantitation Limits
|
|
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
sampler |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
μg |
ppb |
μg/m3 |
EE |
charcoal
tube
3M 3520
SKC
575-002 |
2.1
1.9
1.5 |
37.1
54.0
101 |
176
256
482 |
99.0
98.0
98.9 |
1.4
2.1
1.2 |
24.8
66.1
83.3 |
118
314
395 |
98.5
98.6
98.5 |
2.6
2.9
2.4 |
45.9
88.8
163 |
218
422
772 |
98.6
98.5
98.4 |
2.2
1.5
2.2 |
38.9
43.6
148 |
185
207
703 |
98.9
98.8
98.6 |
|
EE = extraction
efficiency |
Figure 4.2.13. A chromatogram of the RQL collected on charcoal tubes (lot
2000). (Key: (1) tert-Butyl Acetate, (2) interference, (3)
sec-Butyl Acetate, (4) Isobutyl Acetate, and (5) n-Butyl
Acetate.)
|
|
Figure 4.2.14. A chromatogram of the RQL collected on 3M 3520 OVM. (Key: (1)
tert-Butyl Acetate, (2) interference, (3)
sec-Butyl Acetate, (4) Isobutyl Acetate, and (5) n-Butyl Acetate.)
|
Figure 4.2.15. A chromatogram of the RQL collected on SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers. (Key: (1) tert-Butyl Acetate, (2) interference, (3)
sec-Butyl Acetate, (4) Isobutyl Acetate, and (5) n-Butyl
Acetate.) |
4.3 Instrument calibration
The standard error of estimate was determined from the linear regression of data points from standards over a range that covers 0.25 to 2
times the TWA target concentration for charcoal tubes. This was the sampler with the highest mass loadings. Calibration curves were
constructed and shown in Section 3.5.2 from the three injections each of five standards. The standard errors of estimate are 301 μg/sample
for n-Butyl Acetate, 453 μg/sample for
sec-Butyl Acetate, 386 μg/sample for tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 398 μg/sample for Isobutyl Acetate.
Table 4.3.1
Instrument Calibration for n-Butyl Acetate
|
standard concn (μg/sample) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
2130
4270
8540
12800
17100 |
311555
642069
1344755
2026181
2716357 |
311924
639046
1348169
2020191
2743667 |
314471
642301
1340858
2031066
2727599 |
|
Table 4.3.2
Instrument Calibration for sec-Butyl Acetate
|
standard concn (μg/sample) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
2850
5710
11400
17100
22800 |
389300
826814
1713183
2600237
3514853 |
388180
823766
1734114
2601793
3498099 |
389547
834708
1725815
2616272
3521737 |
|
Table 4.3.3
Instrument Calibration for tert-Butyl Acetate
|
standard concn (μg/sample) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
2850
5690
11400
17100
22800 |
396211
831572
1743547
2645741
3548909 |
401771
839092
1755744
2659639
3536631 |
400285
840213
1748131
2639678
3531375 |
|
Table 4.3.4
Instrument Calibration for Isobutyl Acetate
|
standard concn (μg/sample) |
area counts
(μV•s) |
|
2130
4270
8540
12800
17100 |
304059
646407
1343710
2079543
2777187 |
308630
643795
1364685
2065334
2789088 |
306997
652459
1349883
2053967
2792043 |
|
4.4 Precision (overall procedure)
4.4.1 Charcoal tubes
The precision at the 95% confidence level is obtained by multiplying the standard error of estimate by
1.96 (the z-statistic from the standard normal distribution at the 95% confidence level) of ambient temperature 17-day storage samples.
In Section 4.5, 95% confidence intervals are drawn about their respective regression lines in the storage graph figures. The precisions
of the overall procedure are shown in Table 4.4.1 and were calculated from data in Section 4.5. |
Table 4.4.1
Standard Error of Estimate and Precision of the Overall Procedure for
Charcoal tubes
|
analyte |
SEE
(%) |
precision
(± %) |
|
n-Butyl
Acetate
sec-Butyl Acetate
tert-Butyl Acetate
Isobutyl Acetate |
5.03
5.02
5.03
5.06 |
9.86
9.84
9.86
9.92 |
|
|
4.4.2 3M 3520 OVMs
The precisions of the overall procedure at the 95% confidence level for the ambient temperature 17-day storage test (at the target
concentration) for 3M 3520 OVMs are given in Table 4.4.2. They each include an additional 6.4% for sampling rate variability. There are
different values given, depending on whether both, either, or neither temperature (T) or atmospheric pressure (P) are known at the sampling
site. If the sampling site temperature is unknown, it is assumed to be 22.2 ± 15ºC (72 ± 27ºF) and a variability of ±7.7% is included. If
the atmospheric pressure is not known, it is estimated from the sampling site elevation and a variability of ±3% is included.
Table 4.4.2
Precision of the Overall Procedure for 3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
known conditions |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
|
both T & P
only T
only P
neither T nor P |
6.62
7.27
10.2
10.6 |
13.0
14.2
20.0
20.8 |
6.68
7.32
10.2
10.6 |
13.1
14.3
20.0
20.8 |
6.58
7.23
10.1
10.6 |
12.9
14.2
19.9
20.8 |
6.62
7.27
10.2
10.6 |
13.0
14.2
20.0
20.8 |
|
4.4.3 SKC 575-002 Passsive Samplers
The precisions of the overall procedure at the 95% confidence level for the ambient temperature 17-day storage test (at the target
concentration) for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers are given in Table 4.4.3. They each include an additional 8.7% for sampling rate
variability. There are different values given, depending on whether both, either, or neither temperature (T) or atmospheric pressure (P)
are known at the sampling site. If the sampling site temperature is unknown, it is assumed to be 22.2 ± 15ºC (72 ± 27ºF) and a variability
of ±7.7% is included. If the atmospheric pressure is not known, it is estimated from the sampling site elevation and a variability of ±3%
is included.
Table 4.4.3
Precision of the Overall Procedure for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
|
n-Butyl Acetate
|
sec-Butyl Acetate
|
tert-Butyl Acetate
|
Isobutyl Acetate
|
known conditions |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
SEE
(%) |
precision (± %) |
|
both T & P
only T
only P
neither T nor P |
8.88
9.37
11.8
12.1 |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
8.88
9.37
11.8
12.1 |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
8.92
9.41
11.8
12.2 |
17.5
18.4
23.1
23.9 |
8.89
9.38
11.8
12.1 |
17.4
18.4
23.1
23.7 |
|
4.5 Storage test
4.5.1 Charcoal tubes
Storage samples for n-Butyl Acetate,
sec-Butyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and
Isobutyl Acetate were individually prepared by collecting
samples from separate controlled test atmospheres using the recommended sampling conditions for charcoal tubes. The concentrations were at
the target concentration. The atmospheres tested were: n-Butyl
Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm), with an average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC.
Thirty-three storage samples were prepared for each analyte. Three samples were analyzed on the day of generation. Fifteen of the tubes were
stored at reduced temperature (4ºC) and the other fifteen were stored in a closed drawer at ambient temperature (about 23ºC). At 3 to 4-day
intervals, three samples were selected from each of the two storage sets and analyzed. Sample results are not corrected for extraction
efficiency. The recoveries on day 17 were n-Butyl
Acetate 96.0% for ambient and 97.7% for refrigerated storage;
sec-Butyl Acetate 98.3% for
ambient and 98.6% for refrigerated storage; tert-Butyl
Acetate 97.8% for ambient and 97.8% for refrigerated storage, and Isobutyl
Acetate
96.7% for ambient and 98.5% for refrigerated storage.
Table
4.5.1.1
Storage Test for n-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.2
99.3
98.8
97.3
96.9
95.7 |
100.4
98.6
99.0
98.1
97.5
96.9 |
99.8
99.4
98.4
96.9
96.6
95.1 |
99.7
100.1
98.6
98.5
97.3 |
99.4
99.8
98.7
98.9
98.6 |
99.8
99.4
97.9
97.6
97.9 |
|
Table
4.5.1.2
Storage Test for sec-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.0
99.8
98.6
98.9
98.8
97.6 |
99.6
99.9
99.3
98.4
99.1
98.9 |
100.1
100.0
98.9
98.8
98.6
98.3 |
100.1
99.2
98.6
99.4
98.2 |
99.7
99.0
99.1
99.0
99.1 |
100.0
99.4
99.0
98.9
98.5 |
|
Table
4.5.1.3
Storage Test for tert-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
99.7
98.7
99.0
98.2
98.8
96.9 |
99.8
99.3
98.7
98.6
98.4
97.3 |
100.3
98.1
99.1
98.9
98.6
98.1 |
99.3
99.0
98.6
99.2
98.0 |
99.9
99.3
99.1
98.9
97.4 |
100.2
99.4
99.3
98.6
98.3 |
|
Table
4.5.1.4
Storage Test for Isobutyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
99.9
98.6
97.4
97.5
98.4
96.1 |
99.7
99.3
97.3
98.1
97.9
97.8 |
100.3
99.4
98.4
98.0
97.6
95.3 |
99.4
99.6
99.2
98.9
97.9 |
99.6
99.2
98.7
98.8
98.4 |
100.1
99.5
98.5
99.3
98.9 |
|
Figure 4.5.1.1.1. Ambient storage test for n-Butyl
Acetate collected on
charcoal tubes.
|
|
Figure 4.5.1.1.2. Refrigerated storage test for n-Butyl
Acetate
collected on charcoal tubes.
|
Figure 4.5.1.2.1. Ambient storage test for sec-Butyl
Acetate collected
on charcoal tubes.
|
|
Figure 4.5.1.2.2. Refrigerated storage test for sec-Butyl
Acetate
collected on charcoal tubes.
|
Figure 4.5.1.3.1. Ambient storage test for tert-Butyl
Acetate collected
on charcoal tubes.
|
|
Figure 4.5.1.3.2. Refrigerated storage test for
tert-Butyl Acetate
collected on charcoal tubes.
|
Figure 4.5.1.4.1. Ambient storage test for Isobutyl Acetate collected on
charcoal tubes. |
|
Figure 4.5.1.4.2. Refrigerated storage test for Isobutyl Acetate
collected on charcoal tubes. |
4.5.2 3M 3520 OVMs
Storage samples for n-Butyl Acetate,
sec-Butyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and
Isobutyl Acetate were individually prepared by collecting
samples from separate controlled test atmospheres using the recommended sampling conditions for 3M 3520 OVMs. The concentrations were at the
target concentration. The atmospheres tested were: n-Butyl
Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm), with an average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC.
Thirty-three storage samples were prepared for each analyte. Three samples were analyzed on the day of generation. Fifteen of the 3M 3520
OVMs were stored at reduced temperature (4ºC) and the other fifteen were stored in a closed drawer at ambient temperature (about 23ºC).
At 3 to 4-day intervals, three samples were selected from each of the two storage sets and analyzed. Sample results are not corrected for
extraction efficiency. The recoveries on day 17 were n-Butyl
Acetate 96.3% for ambient and 97.5% for refrigerated storage;
sec-Butyl Acetate
96.1% for ambient and 97.2% for refrigerated storage, tert-Butyl
Acetate 95.9% for ambient and 97.0% for refrigerated storage, and Isobutyl
Acetate 96.6% for ambient and 97.6% for refrigerated storage.
Table
4.5.2.1
Storage Test for n-Butyl Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
99.2
96.7
96.8
97.9
99.5
98.1 |
100.6
99.2
99.0
95.4
96.8
95.7 |
97.5
100.6
98.9
99.5
94.1
94.7 |
96.8
96.9
98.6
96.1
95.1 |
100.3
98.8
100.4
98.6
96.5 |
99.5
99.8
96.6
99.9
99.4 |
|
Table
4.5.2.2
Storage Test for sec-Butyl Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.4
97.2
95.3
99.1
98.7
93.4 |
95.6
99.3
96.2
96.5
94.0
96.8 |
97.0
96.1
98.8
94.4
96.5
98.0 |
98.1
95.9
97.8
99.5
94.9 |
99.5
98.4
95.5
95.1
97.3 |
96.0
99.1
99.9
97.4
98.8 |
|
Table
4.5.2.3
Storage Test for tert-Butyl Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
99.9
98.7
99.2
96.9
98.1
95.4 |
98.4
98.8
96.4
99.1
94.7
94.1 |
96.4
96.2
96.6
95.4
95.9
98.0 |
96.5
97.8
96.9
94.4
95.4 |
98.7
96.4
99.5
99.1
98.8 |
99.3
99.9
94.0
96.9
96.8 |
|
Table
4.5.2.4
Storage Test for Isobutyl Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
time
(days) |
ambient
storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.1
99.8
98.7
95.6
94.9
96.4 |
99.8
98.6
99.9
98.5
97.5
98.9 |
96.7
96.3
96.6
99.1
98.8
94.1 |
96.7
99.9
95.6
98.7
94.2 |
99.3
96.5
99.3
99.8
98.7 |
99.6
98.8
99.9
95.5
99.8 |
|
Figure 4.5.2.1.1. Ambient storage test for n-Butyl
Acetate collected on
3M 3520 OVMs.
|
|
Figure 4.5.2.1.2. Refrigerated storage test for n-butyl acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVMs.
|
Figure 4.5.2.2.1. Ambient storage test for sec-Butyl
Acetate collected
on 3M 3520 OVMs.
|
|
Figure 4.5.2.2.2. Refrigerated storage test for sec-butyl acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVMs.
|
Figure 4.5.2.3.1. Ambient storage test for tert-Butyl
Acetate collected
on 3M 3520 OVMs.
|
|
Figure 4.5.2.3.2. Refrigerated storage test for
tert-Butyl Acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVMs.
|
Figure 4.5.2.4.1. Ambient storage test for Isobutyl Acetate collected on
3M 3520 OVMs. |
|
Figure 4.5.2.4.2. Refrigerated storage test for Isobutyl Acetate
collected on 3M 3520 OVMs. |
4.5.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Storage samples for n-Butyl Acetate,
sec-Butyl Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, and
Isobutyl Acetate were individually prepared by collecting
samples from separate controlled test atmospheres using the recommended sampling conditions for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. The
concentrations were at the target concentration. The atmospheres tested were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate
(955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm), with an average relative
humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Thirty-three storage samples were prepared for each analyte. Three samples were analyzed on the day of generation.
Fifteen of the SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers were stored at reduced temperature (4ºC) and the other fifteen were stored in a closed drawer at
ambient temperature (about 22ºC). At 3 to 4-day intervals, three samples were selected from each of the two storage sets and analyzed.
Sample results are not corrected for extraction efficiency. The recoveries on day 17 were
n-Butyl Acetate 96.6% for ambient and 97.3% for
refrigerated storage, sec-Butyl Acetate 96.9% for ambient and 98.0% for refrigerated storage,
tert-Butyl Acetate 96.4% for ambient and 97.6%
for refrigerated storage, and Isobutyl Acetate 96.5% for ambient and 97.2% for refrigerated storage.
Table 4.5.3.1
Storage Test for n-Butyl Acetate on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
time
(days) |
ambient storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.3
100.2
95.5
94.6
94.8
96.8 |
99.7
99.8
99.3
97.1
98.0
95.4 |
96.1
97.4
98.4
99.1
97.3
99.2 |
99.8
98.5
98.6
94.7
95.2 |
96.2
100.1
94.1
98.0
98.6 |
99.9
95.3
99.7
99.2
99.0 |
|
Table 4.5.3.2
Storage Test for sec-Butyl Acetate on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
time
(days) |
ambient storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.2
99.3
98.6
99.1
94.9
95.2 |
99.4
95.7
99.4
98.4
99.1
96.6 |
95.8
99.5
95.3
95.8
96.9
98.8 |
100.1
99.6
95.7
98.6
96.4 |
100.0
96.7
98.5
95.4
99.3 |
95.8
99.3
99.8
98.5
98.8 |
|
Table 4.5.3.3
Storage Test for tert-Butyl Acetate on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
time
(days) |
ambient storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.1
99.6
99.8
94.9
94.8
98.1 |
100.5
99.3
95.7
98.5
98.6
93.4 |
96.7
95.8
99.1
98.8
99.3
95.8 |
100.1
99.9
95.9
99.7
99.1 |
100.3
99.6
99.9
98.9
98.0 |
96.4
95.3
98.7
94.5
94.6 |
|
Table 4.5.3.4
Storage Test for Isobutyl Acetate on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
time
(days) |
ambient storage
recovery (%) |
refrigerated
storage
recovery (%) |
|
0
3
7
10
14
17 |
100.2
100.1
95.0
95.4
96.6
96.0 |
98.6
96.4
99.9
98.5
94.9
94.7 |
95.8
99.0
98.9
98.0
98.9
98.8 |
99.9
96.4
99.4
94.8
97.9 |
99.5
99.5
95.1
99.4
98.3 |
96.1
99.8
98.7
98.6
94.4 |
|
Figure 4.5.3.1.1. Ambient storage test for n-Butyl
Acetate collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers.
|
|
Figure 4.5.3.1.2. Refrigerated storage test for n-Butyl
Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers.
|
Figure 4.5.3.2.1. Ambient storage test for sec-Butyl
Acetate collected
on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers.
|
|
Figure 4.5.3.2.2. Refrigerated storage test for sec-Butyl
Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers.
|
Figure 4.5.3.3.1. Ambient storage test for tert-Butyl
Acetate collected
on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. |
|
Figure 4.5.3.3.2. Refrigerated storage test for
tert-Butyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers.
|
Figure 4.5.3.4.1. Ambient storage test for Isobutyl Acetate collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. |
|
Figure 4.5.3.4.2. Refrigerated storage test for Isobutyl Acetate
collected on SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers. |
4.6 Reproducibility
Six samples were prepared for each of the three types of samplers by collecting them from controlled test atmospheres similar to those used
in the collection of the storage samples. The samples were submitted to the OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center for analysis, along with a draft
copy of this method. The samples were analyzed after being stored at 4 ºC for 5 days for samplers containing
n-Butyl Acetate and Isobutyl Acetate, and 19 days for sec-Butyl Acetate and
tert-Butyl Acetate. Sample results were corrected for extraction efficiency. No sample
result for n-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl
Acetate, tert-Butyl Acetate, or Isobutyl Acetate had a deviation greater than the precision of the
overall procedure determined in Section 4.4.
Table 4.6.1
Reproducibility Data for n-Butyl Acetate
on Charcoal Tubes
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
8.99
8.99
8.99
8.99
8.99
8.99 |
9.04
8.88
9.24
8.98
8.94
8.53 |
100.6
98.8
102.7
99.9
99.4
94.9 |
+ 0.6
-1.2
+2.7
-0.1
-0.6
-5.1 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.2
Reproducibility Data for sec-Butyl Acetate
on Charcoal Tubes
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3 |
9.98
9.93
9.79
9.92
9.82
9.93 |
96.9
96.4
95.0
96.3
95.3
96.4 |
-3.1
-3.6
-5.0
-3.7
-4.7
-3.6 |
|
|
Table 4.6.3
Reproducibility Data for tert-Butyl Acetate
on Charcoal Tubes
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2 |
9.77
9.73
9.60
9.80
9.57
9.70 |
95.8
95.4
94.1
96.1
93.8
95.1 |
-4.2
-4.6
-5.9
-3.9
-6.2
-4.9 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.4
Reproducibility Data for Isobutyl Acetate
on Charcoal Tubes
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
8.90
8.90
8.90
8.90
8.90
8.90 |
8.78
8.67
8.98
8.73
8.66
8.29 |
98.7
97.4
100.9
98.1
97.3
93.1 |
-1.3
-2.6
+0.9
-1.9
-2.3
-6.9 |
|
|
Table 4.6.5
Reproducibility Data for n-Butyl Acetate
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
5.12
5.12
5.12
5.12
5.12
5.12 |
4.92
5.19
4.81
5.09
4.76
5.15 |
96.1
101.4
94.0
99.4
93.0
100.6 |
-3.9
+1.4
-6.0
-0.6
-7.0
+0.6 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.6
Reproducibility Data for sec-Butyl Acetate
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49 |
6.33
6.13
6.30
6.45
6.18
6.20 |
97.5
94.5
97.1
99.4
95.2
95.5 |
-2.5
-5.5
-2.9
-0.6
-4.8
-4.5 |
|
|
Table 4.6.7
Reproducibility Data for tert-Butyl Acetate
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
6.16
6.16
6.16
6.16
6.16
6.16 |
5.84
5.76
6.03
6.18
5.95
5.80 |
94.8
93.5
97.9
100.3
96.6
94.2 |
-5.2
-6.5
-2.1
+0.3
-3.4
-5.8 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.8
Reproducibility Data for Isobutyl Acetate
on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
4.94
4.94
4.94
4.94
4.94
4.94 |
4.99
4.79
4.89
4.67
4.92
4.62 |
101.0
97.0
99.0
94.5
99.6
93.5 |
+1.0
-3.0
-1.0
-5.5
-0.4
-6.5 |
|
|
Table 4.6.9
Reproducibility Data for n-Butyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
2.29
2.29
2.29
2.29
2.29
2.29 |
2.11
2.18
2.14
2.25
2.28
2.17 |
92.1
95.2
93.4
98.3
99.6
94.8 |
-7.9
-4.8
-6.6
-1.7
-0.4
-5.2 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.10
Reproducibility Data for sec-Butyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94
2.94 |
2.96
2.98
2.90
2.83
3.04
2.78 |
100.7
101.4
98.6
96.3
103.4
94.6 |
+0.7
+1.4
-1.4
-3.7
+3.4
-5.4 |
|
|
Table 4.6.11
Reproducibility Data for tert-Butyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
2.95
2.95
2.95
2.95
2.95
2.95 |
2.96
2.97
2.88
2.81
3.02
2.78 |
100.3
100.7
97.6
95.3
102.4
94.2 |
+0.3
+0.7
-2.4
-4.7
+2.4
-5.8 |
|
|
|
Table 4.6.12
Reproducibility Data for Isobutyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
theoretical
(mg/sample) |
recovered
(mg/sample) |
recovery
(%) |
deviation
(%) |
|
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.21 |
2.23
2.15
2.08
2.24
2.07
2.22 |
100.9
97.3
94.1
101.4
93.7
100.5 |
+0.9
-2.7
-5.9
+1.4
-6.3
+0.5 |
|
|
4.7 Sampler capacity
4.7.1 Charcoal tubes
The sampling capacity of the front section of charcoal tubes was tested by sampling from a dynamically generated test atmosphere of
each of the compounds generated individually. The atmospheres tested were:
n-Butyl Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm) and Isobutyl
Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm) with an
average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. This air concentration was twice the PEL. A sampling train consisting of the front
section of a charcoal tube (back-up section removed) in series with another charcoal tube was used to test the capacity. The second
tube was changed at 0.5 h intervals and was analyzed. The second tube was replaced with a fresh tube and then sampling was
continued. Two separate charcoal tube sampling trains were collected for each analyte from the given test atmosphere. These
sampling trains were used to sample for 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, and 8 hours for
n-Butyl Acetate and Isobutyl Acetate,
and 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, and 6 hours for sec-Butyl
Acetate and tert-Butyl Acetate. The charcoal tube sampling trains were collected
at approximately 0.05 L/min (the air volumes listed below are cumulative for each sampling train and were calculated using that
specific sampling train’s flow rate). The presence of analyte on the second tube is an indication breakthrough. The percentage of
the amount found on the second tube of the total concentration is the % breakthrough. The % breakthrough was plotted versus the time
sampled to determine the 5% breakthrough air volumes. The 5% breakthrough air volume was determined to be 25.0 L for
n-Butyl Acetate, 17.1 L for sec-Butyl Acetate, and 18.1 L for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 25.2 L for Isobutyl Acetate.
Table
4.7.1.1
Capacity Test for n-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
sampling
train 1
|
sampling
train 2
|
air volume |
% BT |
air volume |
% BT |
|
9.22
12.3
15.4
18.4
20.0
21.5
23.0
24.6 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.9
5.9 |
9.65
12.9
16.1
19.3
20.9
22.5
24.1
25.7 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.5
7.1 |
|
%BT = % breakthrough |
Table
4.7.1.2
Capacity Test for sec-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
sampling
train 1
|
sampling
train 2
|
air volume |
% BT |
air volume |
% BT |
|
6.46
9.68
12.9
14.5
16.1
17.7
19.4 |
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.0
3.5
8.3
15.4 |
6.89
10.3
13.8
15.5
17.2
18.9
20.7 |
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.2
4.3
9.9
17.4 |
|
%BT = % breakthrough |
Table
4.7.1.3
Capacity Test for tert-Butyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
sampling
train 1
|
sampling
train 2
|
air volume |
% BT |
air volume |
% BT |
|
6.32
9.49
12.7
14.2
15.8
17.4
19.0 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
3.9
9.8 |
6.35
9.52
12.7
14.3
15.9
17.5
19.0 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
2.8
10.3 |
|
%BT = % breakthrough |
Table
4.7.1.4
Capacity Test for Isobutyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
sampling
train 1
|
sampling
train 2
|
air volume |
% BT |
air volume |
% BT |
|
9.59
12.8
16.0
19.2
20.8
22.4
24.0
25.6 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
2.1
8.6 |
10.2
13.6
17.0
20.4
22.1
23.8
25.5
27.2 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.1
3.9
10.5 |
|
%BT = % breakthrough |
Figure 4.7.1.1. Five percent breakthough air volume for
n-Butyl Acetate
on charcoal tubes, calculated to be 25.0 L. |
|
Figure 4.7.1.2. Five percent breakthough air volume for sec-Butyl
Acetate on charcoal tubes, calculated to be 17.1 L.
|
Figure 4.7.1.3. Five percent breakthrough air volume for
tert-Butyl Acetate on charcoal tubes, calculated to be 18.1 L. |
|
Figure 4.7.1.4. Five percent breakthough air volume for Isobutyl Acetate
on charcoal tubes, calculated to be 25.2 L. |
4.7.2 3M 3520 OVMs
The sampling rate and sampler capacity are determined with samples collected for increasing time intervals from a controlled test
atmosphere. Each analyte was tested separately. The concentration of the test atmosphere was two times the target concentration with an
average relative humidity of approximately 80% at 23°C. The atmospheres tested were:
n-Butyl Acetate (1449 mg/m3 or 305 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (1892 mg/m3 or 398 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1925 mg/m3 or 405 ppm) and Isobutyl
Acetate (1430 mg/m3 or 301 ppm). Three samplers
were exposed for each test. Sampling rates were determined at ambient temperature and pressure, but were converted to their equivalent at
760 mm and 25 °C. The preliminary sampling rate was determined by averaging the nine values for the 0.5, 1 and 2 h samples. Horizontal lines
were placed 10% above and below the preliminary sampling rate. The average sampling rates of all values between the lines were 31.19 mL/min
n-Butyl Acetate, 28.11 mL/min
sec-Butyl Acetate, 28.94 mL/min tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 30.43 mL/min Isobutyl Acetate. The standard deviation
and RSD are 1.01 mL/min and 3.24% for n-Butyl
Acetate, 1.14 mL/min and 4.07% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 0.956 mL/min and 3.30% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 1.25 mL/min and 4.11% for Isobutyl Acetate, respectively. Mass collected is corrected for extraction efficiency. The sampler
capacity is exceeded when the sampling rate decreases (greater than 4.8 hours for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and greater than 6.4 hours for
n-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl
Acetate). The recommended sampling time is 4h for TWA samples and 15 min for short term samples.
Table
4.7.2.1
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of n-Butyl
Acetate for 3M 3520 OVMs from a 305-ppm Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
29.29
29.43
31.26
30.65
31.38
31.05
31.94
32.98
31.99
31.12
28.19 |
28.47
31.10
31.16
31.41
32.52
31.45
30.97
31.64
31.08
29.56
29.89 |
30.01
30.47
30.61
32.59
30.96
32.78
32.88
32.75
30.55
30.24
27.58 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.2.1. The 3M 3520 OVM data in Table 4.7.2.1 plotted to determine
the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of n-Butyl
Acetate from a
305-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.2.2
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of
sec-Butyl Acetate for 3M 3520 OVMs from
a 398-ppm Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
26.45
27.29
27.46
28.26
28.33
28.52
29.54
28.68
27.82
26.99
22.23 |
25.88
26.99
27.45
28.34
28.12
28.46
28.71
29.88
28.79
26.11
23.54 |
25.12
27.71
28.61
29.55
29.49
29.19
29.79
29.29
27.01
26.34
23.11 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.2.2. The 3M 3520 OVM data in Table 4.7.2.2 plotted to determine
the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of sec-Butyl
Acetate from a
398-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.2.3
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time
of tert-Butyl Acetate for 3M 3520 OVMs
from a 405-ppm Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
27.67
28.97
28.45
29.17
29.37
29.89
30.43
29.42
27.99
26.88
23.38 |
27.23
28.56
28.99
29.02
29.44
30.21
30.08
30.02
28.51
27.01
23.99 |
27.54
28.79
29.11
28.73
29.88
29.65
29.88
29.73
29.03
26.44
23.45 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.2.3. The 3M 3520 OVM data in Table 4.7.2.3 plotted to determine
the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of tert-Butyl
Acetate from a
405-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.2.4
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of Isobutyl Acetate for 3M 3520 OVMs from a 301-ppm Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
27.46
28.30
30.25
30.49
30.31
31.40
31.19
30.45
31.66
29.43
28.25 |
28.23
28.98
29.24
29.95
30.67
32.01
32.11
31.53
29.67
28.55
29.33 |
27.92
29.48
29.89
31.36
32.09
32.43
32.58
32.12
30.33
30.71
27.66 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.2.4. The 3M 3520 OVM data in Table 4.7.2.4 plotted to determine
the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of Isobutyl Acetate from a
301-ppm atmosphere. |
4.7.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
The sampling rate and sampler capacity are determined with samples collected for increasing time intervals from a controlled test
atmosphere. Each analyte was tested separately. The concentration of the test atmosphere was two times the target concentration with an
average relative humidity of approximately 80% at 23°C. The atmospheres tested were:
n-Butyl Acetate (1449 mg/m3 or 305 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (1892 mg/m3 or 398 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1925 mg/m3 or 405 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (1430 mg/m3 or 301 ppm) with a relative
humidity of 80% at 23°C. Sampling rates were determined at ambient temperature and pressure, but were converted to their equivalent at 760
mm and 25 °C. Three samplers were exposed for each test. The preliminary sampling rate was determined by averaging the nine values for the
0.5, 1 and 2 h samples. Horizontal lines were placed 10% above and below the preliminary sampling rate. The average sampling rates of all
values between the lines were 13.07 mL/min n-Butyl
Acetate, 12.74 mL/min sec-Butyl Acetate, 13.09 mL/min
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 13.16 mL/min
Isobutyl Acetate. The standard deviation and RSD are 0.460 mL/min and 3.61% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 0.570 mL/min and 4.38% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 0.473 mL/min and 3.61% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 0.536 mL/min and 4.07% for Isobutyl Acetate respectively. Mass collected is
corrected for extraction efficiency. The sampler capacity is exceeded when the sampling rate decreases (greater than 4.8 hours for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and greater than 6.4 hours for
n-Butyl Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate, and
Isobutyl Acetate). The recommended sampling time
is 4 h for TWA samples and 15 min for short term samples.
Table
4.7.3.1
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of
n-Butyl Acetate for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers from a 305-ppm
Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
12.02
12.41
13.03
13.17
13.19
13.48
13.59
13.43
13.27
12.40
11.90 |
11.79
12.32
12.78
13.07
13.41
13.52
13.66
13.65
13.03
12.53
12.16 |
12.18
12.15
13.12
13.29
13.34
13.27
13.45
13.76
13.32
12.75
11.59 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.3.1. The SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler data in Table 4.7.3.1
plotted to determine the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of
n-Butyl Acetate from a 305-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.3.2
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of
sec-Butyl Acetate for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers from a 398-ppm
Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
11.99
12.54
12.70
12.96
13.17
13.66
13.56
13.57
12.56
12.11
11.26 |
11.86
12.30
12.65
13.28
13.68
13.41
13.81
13.82
12.71
12.39
11.09 |
12.21
12.47
13.01
12.88
13.55
13.29
13.91
13.39
12.99
12.47
11.42 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.3.2. The SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler data in Table 4.7.3.2
plotted to determine the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of
sec-Butyl Acetate from a 398-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.3.3
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of
tert-Butyl Acetate for SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers from a 405-ppm
Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
12.73
12.65
13.19
13.13
13.61
13.71
13.50
13.39
12.72
12.07
11.57 |
12.57
12.91
13.09
13.31
13.25
13.84
13.73
13.21
12.58
12.43
11.34 |
12.83
12.99
12.88
12.95
13.31
13.39
13.97
13.62
12.94
12.29
11.20 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.3.3. The SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler data in Table 4.7.3.3
plotted to determine the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of
tert-Butyl Acetate from a 405-ppm atmosphere.
|
Table
4.7.3.4
Determination of Sampling Rate and Time of Isobutyl Acetate for SKC
575-002 Passive Samplers from a 301-ppm Atmosphere
|
time
(h) |
sampling rate
(mL/min)
|
first |
second |
third |
|
0.083
0.167
0.25
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
10 |
12.11
12.40
12.75
12.96
12.99
14.02
14.10
13.89
13.50
12.98
11.74 |
11.65
12.59
12.81
13.09
13.10
13.55
13.76
13.42
13.10
12.71
12.24 |
12.29
12.88
13.21
13.33
13.42
13.68
13.87
13.65
13.41
13.11
11.87 |
|
|
|
Figure 4.7.3.4. The SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler data in Table 4.7.3.4
plotted to determine the recommended sampling time and sampling rate of
Isobutyl Acetate from a 301-ppm atmosphere. |
4.8 Extraction efficiency and stability of extracted samples
The extraction efficiency is dependent on the extraction solvent as well as the internal standard. The extraction solvent used for this
evaluation consisted of carbon disulfide with 0.25 μL/mL n-hexyl benzene internal standard. Other extraction solvents or internal
standards may be used provided that the new extraction solution or internal standard is tested. The new extraction solvent or internal
standard should be tested as described below.
4.8.1 Charcoal tubes
Extraction efficiency
The extraction efficiencies of n-Butyl
Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate,
tert-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl Acetate were separately
determined by liquid-spiking the front section of four charcoal tubes, at each concentration level, with the analyte from the RQL to
2 times the target concentration. These samples were stored overnight at ambient temperature and then analyzed. The mean extraction
efficiency over the working range from the RQL to 2 times the target concentration is 99.3% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 99.2% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 99.3% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 99.1% for Isobutyl Acetate. The extraction efficiency for the wet samplers was not
included in the overall mean because it would bias the results. The test of wet samplers was performed to determine if the amount of
water that would be collected under high humidity conditions at the recommended air volume would affect the extraction efficiency.
Wet samplers were prepared by sampling humid air having an average relative humidity of about 80% at 23ºC for 240 minutes at 0.05
L/min and then liquid-spiking the sampler with the analyte.
Table 4.8.1.1
Extraction Efficiency (%) of n-Butyl Acetate from Charcoal Tubes
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
2.14
4.28
8.56
12.8
17.1
8.56 |
98.3
98.8
99.7
98.7
99.0
99.6
98.1 |
98.2
99.7
98.8
99.5
99.3
99.9
99.7 |
99.9
99.1
99.9
99.8
98.9
98.8
98.6 |
99.4
99.9
99.6
99.5
99.7
99.8
99.4 |
99.0
99.4
99.5
99.4
99.2
99.5
99.0 |
|
Table 4.8.1.2
Extraction Efficiency (%) of sec-Butyl
Acetate from Charcoal Tubes
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.001
2.87
5.74
11.5
17.2
23.0
11.5 |
98.8
99.9
99.7
98.7
99.6
99.9
98.6 |
99.5
97.9
98.6
99.5
98.5
99.1
99.0 |
98.3
98.8
99.8
99.4
99.1
98.5
98.1 |
97.3
99.6
99.4
99.9
99.8
99.8
97.7 |
98.5
99.1
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.4
98.4 |
|
Table 4.8.1.3
Extraction Efficiency (%) of tert-Butyl
Acetate from Charcoal Tubes
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.003
2.84
5.67
11.3
17.0
22.7
11.3 |
98.6
98.8
97.9
99.1
99.9
99.4
97.6 |
99.5
99.7
99.5
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.0 |
97.4
98.9
99.7
99.9
99.2
99.7
98.3 |
98.9
99.4
99.8
99.7
99.6
98.9
98.9 |
98.6
99.2
99.2
99.5
99.6
99.5
98.5 |
|
Table 4.8.1.4
Extraction Efficiency (%) of Isobutyl Acetate from Charcoal Tubes
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
2.15
4.29
8.58
12.9
17.2
8.58 |
98.3
98.5
99.4
99.8
98.8
99.6
97.4 |
99.6
99.8
98.9
99.1
99.8
98.1
99.5 |
99.0
98.7
99.5
99.2
99.4
99.2
98.6 |
98.5
98.3
99.3
98.0
99.7
99.8
99.0 |
98.9
98.8
99.3
99.0
99.4
99.2
98.6 |
|
Stability of extracted samples
The stability of extracted samples was investigated by reanalyzing the target concentration samples 24 h after initial analysis.
After the original analysis was performed two autosampler vials were recapped with new septa while the remaining two retained their
punctured septa. The samples were reanalyzed with fresh standards. The average percent change was 0.0% for
n-Butyl Acetate, -0.9%
for sec-Butyl Acetate, 0.8% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and -0.7% for Isobutyl Acetate when samples were resealed with new septa and
-1.8% for n-Butyl Acetate, -2.6% for
sec-Butyl Acetate, -2.7% for tert-Butyl
Acetate, and -2.0% for Isobutyl Acetate when samples
retained their punctured septa. Each septum was punctured 5 times for each analysis. The test was performed at room temperature.
Table
4.8.1.5
Stability of Extracted Samples for n-Butyl
Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
98.7
99.5
99.1 |
99.2
99.0
(mean)
99.1 |
+0.5
-0.5
+0.0 |
99.8
99.5
99.6 |
97.6
98.1
(mean)
97.8 |
-2.2
-1.4
-1.8 |
|
Table
4.8.1.6
Stability of Extracted Samples for sec-Butyl
Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
98.7
99.5
99.1 |
97.9
98.5
(mean)
98.2 |
-0.8
-1.0
-0.9 |
99.4
99.9
96.6 |
97.2
96.9
(mean)
97.0 |
-2.2
-3.0
-2.6 |
|
Table
4.8.1.7
Stability of Extracted Samples for tert-Butyl
Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.1
99.3
99.2 |
98.6
98.2
(mean)
98.4 |
-0.5
-1.1
-0.8 |
99.9
99.7
99.8 |
97.5
96.7
(mean)
97.1 |
-2.4
-3.0
-2.7 |
|
Table
4.8.1.8
Stability of Extracted Samples for Isobutyl Acetate on Charcoal Tubes
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.8
99.1
99.4 |
99.0
98.5
(mean)
98.7 |
-0.8
-0.6
-0.7 |
99.2
98.0
98.6 |
96.4
96.8
(mean)
97.6 |
-2.8
-1.2
-2.0 |
|
4.8.2 3M 3520 OVMs
Extraction efficiency
The extraction efficiencies of n-Butyl
Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate,
tert-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl Acetate were separately
determined by liquid-spiking four charcoal pads from 3M 3520 OVMs, at each concentration level, with the analyte from the RQL to 2
times the target concentration. These samples were stored overnight at ambient temperature and then analyzed. The mean extraction
efficiency over the working range from the RQL to 2 times the target concentration is 98.9% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 99.1% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 99.0% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 99.2% for Isobutyl Acetate. The extraction efficiency for the wet samplers was not
included in the overall mean because it would bias the results. The test of wet samplers was performed to determine if the amount
of water that would be collected under high humidity conditions at the recommended air volume would affect the extraction efficiency. Wet
samplers were prepared by sampling humid air having an average relative humidity of about 80% at 23ºC for 240 minutes and then liquid-
spiking the sampler with the analyte.
Table 4.8.2.1
Extraction Efficiency (%) of n-Butyl Acetate from 3M 3520 OVMs
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
1.34
2.69
5.37
8.06
10.8
5.28 |
98.5
99.0
98.4
99.4
99.7
99.5
99.3 |
97.5
98.8
98.7
98.5
99.6
99.0
99.1 |
97.7
99.4
99.2
97.9
99.5
99.3
98.4 |
98.1
98.9
99.0
99.5
98.7
98.5
98.8 |
98.0
99.0
98.8
98.8
99.4
99.1
98.9 |
|
Table 4.8.2.2
Extraction Efficiency (%) of sec-Butyl
Acetate from 3M 3520 OVMs
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
1.79
3.59
6.49
10.8
14.4
6.49 |
97.2
98.8
98.9
98.3
97.3
99.3
98.4 |
99.0
98.2
99.5
99.1
99.6
99.8
97.4 |
98.7
99.6
98.5
99.9
99.8
98.2
99.1 |
99.4
99.7
99.9
99.3
98.7
99.9
98.7 |
98.6
99.1
99.2
99.2
98.9
99.3
98.4 |
|
Table 4.8.2.3
Extraction Efficiency (%) of tert-Butyl
Acetate from 3M 3520 OVMs
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.003
1.80
3.61
7.22
10.8
14.4
7.22 |
98.5
99.6
98.1
99.4
99.0
99.7
98.6 |
99.3
99.1
98.7
99.0
99.2
99.0
96.9 |
98.6
98.7
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.8
98.1 |
97.7
98.1
99.0
98.6
98.5
98.9
98.5 |
98.5
98.9
98.9
99.2
99.2
99.4
98.0 |
|
Table 4.8.2.4
Extraction Efficiency (%) of Isobutyl Acetate from 3M 3520 OVMs
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
1.39
2.69
5.38
8.06
10.8
5.38 |
99.1
98.9
99.4
98.7
99.6
99.9
99.3 |
98.5
99.9
99.7
99.5
98.1
98.9
98.8 |
98.7
98.6
98.7
99.7
99.7
99.6
99.5 |
99.0
99.5
99.8
99.0
98.9
99.3
98.9 |
98.8
99.2
99.4
99.2
99.1
99.4
99.1 |
|
There were two different procedures for extraction of 3M 3520 OVMs in Section 3.4.3. The first procedure was extraction inside the 3M 3520
OVM by adding 2 mL of extraction solvent, inserting the caps, and extracting for 30 min. In the second procedure the charcoal pads were
removed from the sampler, placed into separate 4-mL vials, 2 mL of extraction solvent added, the vials capped, and extracted for 30 min.
A comparison of the two extraction procedures of 3M 3520 OVMs using
n-Butyl Acetate at one times the target concentration showed little
difference in the recoveries.
Table
4.8.2.5
Comparison of Recoveries (%) Using Two Extraction Procedures
of n-Butyl Acetate from 3M 3520 OVMs
|
extraction
procedure
|
sample number
|
mean
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
inside 3M OVM sampler
charcoal pad inside vial |
99.4
99.9 |
98.5
99.1 |
97.9
98.2 |
99.5
98.3 |
98.8
98.9 |
|
Stability of extracted samples
The stability of extracted samples was investigated by reanalyzing the target concentration samples 24 h after initial analysis. After the
original analysis was performed two autosampler vials were recapped with new septa while the remaining two retained their punctured septa.
The samples were reanalyzed with fresh standards. The average percent change was -0.4% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 1.0% for sec-Butyl
Acetate,
-1.0% for tert-Butyl Acetate, and -1.1% for Isobutyl
Acetate when samples were resealed with new septa and -1.0% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 2.5%
for sec-Butyl Acetate, -3.0%
tert-Butyl Acetate, and -2.2% for Isobutyl Acetate when samples retained their punctured septa. Each septum was
punctured 5 times for each analysis. The test was performed at room temperature.
Table
4.8.2.6
Stability of Extracted Samples for n-Butyl
Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.4
98.5
99.0 |
99.0
98.2
(mean)
98.6 |
-0.4
-0.3
-0.4 |
97.9
99.5
98.7 |
97.5
97.9
(mean)
97.7 |
-0.4
-1.6
-1.0 |
|
Table
4.8.2.7
Stability of Extracted Samples for sec-Butyl
Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
98.3
99.1
98.7 |
97.1
98.3
(mean)
97.7 |
-1.2
-0.8
-1.0 |
99.9
99.3
99.6 |
96.5
97.7
(mean)
97.1 |
-3.4
-1.6
-2.5 |
|
Table
4.8.2.8
Stability of Extracted Samples for tert-Butyl
Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.4
99.0
99.2 |
97.6
98.8
(mean)
98.2 |
-1.8
-0.2
-1.0 |
99.9
98.6
99.2 |
96.7
95.8
(mean)
96.2 |
-3.2
-2.8
-3.0 |
|
Table
4.8.2.9
Stability of Extracted Samples for Isobutyl Acetate on 3M 3520 OVMs
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
98.7
99.5
99.1 |
97.5
98.5
(mean)
98.0 |
-1.2
-1.0
-1.1 |
99.7
99.0
99.4 |
97.9
96.4
(mean)
97.2 |
-1.8
-2.6
-2.2 |
|
4.8.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Extraction efficiency
The extraction efficiencies of n-Butyl
Acetate, sec-Butyl Acetate,
tert-Butyl Acetate, and Isobutyl Acetate were separately
determined by liquid-spiking four SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers, at each concentration level, with the analyte from the RQL to 2
times the target concentration. These samples were stored overnight at ambient temperature and then analyzed. The mean extraction
efficiency over the working range from the RQL to 2 times the target concentration is 99.2% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 99.1% for sec-Butyl Acetate, 98.9% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 99.1% for Isobutyl Acetate. The extraction efficiency for the wet samplers was not
included in the overall mean because it would bias the results. The test of wet samplers was performed to determine if the amount of
water that would be collected under high humidity conditions at the recommended air volume, would affect the extraction efficiency.
Wet samplers were prepared by sampling humid air having an average relative humidity of about 80% at 23ºC for 240 minutes and then
liquid-spiking the sampler with the analyte.
Table 4.8.3.1
Extraction Efficiency (%) of n-Butyl Acetate from SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
0.55
1.10
2.21
3.31
4.41
2.21 |
98.0
99.9
99.4
99.0
99.6
99.5
98.2 |
99.4
98.2
99.1
99.3
98.9
99.2
99.2 |
98.4
99.1
99.9
98.5
99.7
98.8
97.6 |
99.9
98.8
99.8
99.5
99.1
99.7
98.4 |
98.9
99.0
99.6
99.1
99.3
99.3
98.3 |
|
Table 4.8.3.2
Extraction Efficiency (%) of sec-Butyl
Acetate from SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.001
0.74
1.47
2.94
4.41
5.88
2.94 |
97.8
99.7
98.5
99.4
99.7
99.9
98.1 |
99.6
99.9
99.3
99.0
99.9
99.3
97.5 |
98.4
97.4
99.0
98.9
98.8
98.5
98.6 |
98.1
98.7
99.9
99.9
99.6
99.5
99.0 |
98.5
98.9
99.2
99.3
99.5
99.3
98.3 |
|
Table 4.8.3.3
Extraction Efficiency (%) of tert-Butyl
Acetate from SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
0.734
1.47
2.94
4.41
5.88
2.94 |
97.8
98.1
98.3
99.5
99.3
98.9
97.7 |
99.0
99.4
99.9
99.1
99.5
99.9
98.1 |
98.0
98.1
99.3
98.5
99.0
99.5
96.8 |
98.5
98.6
98.9
99.7
98.1
99.0
99.1 |
98.3
98.6
99.1
99.2
99.0
99.3
97.9 |
|
Table 4.8.3.4
Extraction Efficiency (%) of Isobutyl Acetate from SKC 575-002 Passive
Samplers
|
level
|
sample number
|
mean
|
× target
concn |
mg per
sample |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
RQL
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0 (wet) |
0.002
0.55
1.11
2.21
3.32
4.42
2.21 |
98.6
98.4
97.9
99.3
99.5
99.2
99.1 |
99.6
99.3
99.5
99.9
99.7
99.9
98.9 |
97.8
97.9
99.9
99.7
98.9
98.8
97.8 |
98.5
99.5
98.9
98.6
99.1
99.6
99.0 |
98.6
98.8
99.1
99.4
99.3
99.4
98.7 |
|
Stability of extracted samples
The stability of extracted samples was investigated by reanalyzing the target concentration samples 24 h after initial analysis.
After the original analysis was performed two autosampler vials were recapped with new septa while the remaining two retained their
punctured septa. The samples were reanalyzed with fresh standards. The average percent change was -0.5% for
n-Butyl Acetate, 1.2%
for sec-Butyl Acetate, 1.3% for
tert-Butyl Acetate, and -1.3% for Isobutyl Acetate when samples were resealed with new septa and
-2.3% for n-Butyl Acetate, 2.1% for
sec-Butyl Acetate, -3.4% for tert-Butyl
Acetate, and -2.9% for Isobutyl Acetate when samples
retained their punctured septa. Each septum was punctured 5 times for each analysis. The test was performed at room temperature.
Table
4.8.3.5
Stability of Extracted Samples for n-Butyl
Acetate on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.0
99.3
99.2 |
98.8
98.6
(mean)
98.7 |
-0.2
-0.7
-0.5 |
98.5
99.5
99.0 |
96.1
97.3
(mean)
96.7 |
-2.4
-2.2
-2.3 |
|
Table
4.8.3.6
Stability of Extracted Samples for Isobutyl Acetate on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.3
99.9
99.6 |
98.1
98.5
(mean)
98.3 |
-1.2
-1.4
-1.3 |
99.7
98.6
99.2 |
96.1
96.5
(mean)
96.3 |
-3.6
-2.1
-2.9 |
|
Table
4.8.3.7
Stability of Extracted Samples for sec-Butyl
Acetate on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.4
99.0
99.2 |
97.8
98.2
(mean)
98.0 |
-1.6
-0.8
-1.2 |
98.9
99.9
99.4 |
96.5
98.1
(mean)
97.3 |
-2.4
-1.8
-2.1 |
|
Table
4.8.3.8
Stability of Extracted Samples for tert-Butyl
Acetate on SKC 575-002
Passive Samplers
|
punctured
septa replaced
|
punctured
septa retained
|
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
initial
(%) |
after one
day (%) |
difference
(%) |
|
99.5
99.1
99.3 |
98.3
97.7
(mean)
98.0 |
-1.2
-1.4
-1.3 |
98.5
99.7
99.1 |
95.3
96.1
(mean)
95.7 |
-3.2
-3.6
-3.4 |
|
4.9 Interferences (sampling)
4.9.1 Charcoal tubes
Retention
The ability of a charcoal tube to retain the analyte after it has been collected was tested using test atmospheres having an average
relative humidity of 80% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The concentrations of
the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3
or 406 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm). For each test atmosphere, six samplers had contaminated air (air with the analyte
in it) drawn through them at 0.05 L/min for 60 min. Sampling was discontinued and three samples set aside. The generation system was
flushed with contaminant-free air. Sampling resumed with the other three samples having contaminant-free air drawn through them at 0.05
L/min for 180 min and then all six samplers were analyzed. The mean recoveries for the samples in the second set divided by the first set
were: 99.8% for n-Butyl Acetate, 99.9% for
sec-Butyl Acetate, 100.4% for tert-Butyl
Acetate, and 100.3% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Table 4.9.1.1
Retention of n-Butyl Acetate on
Charcoal Tubes
|
|
percent recovery (%)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
99.3
99.4 |
98.6
99.1 |
99.9
98.9 |
99.3
99.1
99.8 |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.1.2
Retention of sec-Butyl Acetate on
Charcoal Tubes
|
|
percent recovery (%)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
99.7
99.9 |
98.5
98.7 |
99.9
99.3 |
99.4
99.3
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 4.9.1.3
Retention of tert-Butyl Acetate on
Charcoal Tubes
|
|
percent recovery (%)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
99.5
98.4 |
99.0
99.9 |
98.4
99.8 |
99.0
99.4
100.4 |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.1.4
Retention of Isobutyl Acetate on
Charcoal Tubes
|
|
percent recovery (%)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
98.8
99.9 |
99.8
99.1 |
99.4
99.7 |
99.3
99.6
100.3 |
|
|
Low humidity
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analyte from a relatively dry atmosphere was tested by using test atmospheres having an
average relative humidity of 20% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The
concentrations of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm). For each test atmosphere, three samplers
had contaminated air (air with analyte in it) drawn through them at 0.05 L/min for 240 min. All of the samples were immediately
analyzed. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 99.6%, 99.9%, and 98.7% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 99.8%, 99.4% and 98.9% for sec-Butyl Acetate; 99.9%, 99.3% and 99.4% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 99.9%, 99.1% and 99.2% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Low concentration
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analyte from a low concentration atmosphere was tested by using test atmospheres at 0.1
times the target concentration having an average relative humidity of 80% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically
generated for each of the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (72 mg/m3 or 15 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (71 mg/m3 or 15 ppm). For each test
atmosphere, three samplers had contaminated air drawn through them at 0.05 L/min for 240 min. All of the samples were immediately
analyzed. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 100.9%, 99.5% and 98.9% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 99.9%, 99.2% and 98.3% for sec-Butyl Acetate; 99.8%, 99.4% and 98.0% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 101.2%, 99.8% and 99.3% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Sampling interference
The ability of charcoal tubes to collect the analyte from an atmosphere containing interferences was tested by sampling individual
atmospheres containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl alcohol, hexone, and toluene at an average humidity of
80% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these interferences. The
concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Each test
atmosphere also had the following concentrations of the interference mixture in it: n-butyl alcohol (302 mg/m3 or 101 ppm), hexone
(408 mg/m3 or 99 ppm), and toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers had contaminated air (air containing the analyte and
interferences) drawn through them at 0.05 L/min for 240 min for each test. All of the samples were immediately analyzed. The
recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 100.1%, 99.2%, and 97.6% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 100.8%, 100.1%, and 98.3% for sec-Butyl
Acetate;
100.9%, 98.6%, and 98.1% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and 100.8%, 99.3%, and 98.5% for Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte on the
backup section of the charcoal tubes for any of the tests.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test
atmosphere at the PEL level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of 80% at 22 °C. The
concentrations of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (708mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns about the capacity of the
media to collect all four analytes at these concentrations without breakthrough, three charcoal tubes were collected at 0.05 L/min
for 2 hours instead of the 4 hours listed in "Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis".28
The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 101.1%, 99.7%, and 98.1% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 100.3%, 99.3%, and 97.1% for sec-Butyl
Acetate;
101.7%, 99.5%, and 98.4% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and 101.5%, 99.5%, and 97.8% for Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte on the
backup section of the charcoal tubes for any of the tests.
4.9.2 3M 3520 OVMs
Reverse diffusion
Reverse diffusion is a measure of the ability of the sorbent within a diffusive sampler to retain the collected analyte. Reverse diffusion
is measured by first exposing two sets of samplers to humid air containing the analyte, and then additionally exposing one of the sets to
clean humid air. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres
were: n-Butyl Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm) at an average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. In each test, six samplers were exposed to
contaminated air for 60 min. Sampling was discontinued and three samples set aside. The generation system was flushed with contaminant-free
air. Sampling resumed with the other three samples being exposed to humid contaminant-free air for 180 min and then all six samplers were
analyzed. Comparison of the two sets of 3M 3520 OVMs showed little loss of collected analyte to reverse diffusion (Tables 4.9.2.1 through
4.9.2.4). The theoretical loadings on the samplers were 2684 μg
n-Butyl Acetate, 3220
μg sec-Butyl Acetate, 3348 μg
tert-Butyl Acetate,
and 2584 μg Isobutyl Acetate.
Table 4.9.2.1
Reverse Diffusion of n-Butyl Acetate on
3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
2528
2549 |
2583
2689 |
2699
2518 |
2603
2585
99.3% |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.2.2
Reverse Diffusion of Isobutyl Acetate on
3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
2624
2456
|
2530
2566 |
2471
2633 |
2542
2552
100.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 4.9.2.3
Reverse Diffusion of sec-Butyl
Acetate on
3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
3110
2956 |
3035
3210 |
3308
3083 |
3151
3083
97.8% |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.2.4
Reverse Diffusion of tert-Butyl
Acetate on
3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
3132
2994 |
3350
3187 |
3194
3302 |
3225
3161
98.0% |
|
|
Low humidity
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analyte from a relatively dry atmosphere was tested using test atmospheres having an
average relative humidity of 20% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The
concentrations of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm). For each test atmosphere, three samplers
were exposed to contaminated air (air containing the analyte) for 240 min. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 102.5%, 99.1%,
and 97.8% for n-Butyl Acetate; 102.2%, 100.4%, and 96.3% for
sec-Butyl Acetate; 100.6%, 98.1%, and 96.4% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and
102.7%, 99.4% and 97.7% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Low concentration
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analyte from a low concentration atmosphere was tested using test atmospheres at 0.1 times
the target concentration having an average relative humidity of 80% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated
for each of the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (72 mg/m3 or 15 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate
(96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate (96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (71 mg/m3 or 15 ppm). For each test atmosphere,
three samplers were exposed to contaminated air (air containing the analyte) for 240 min. All of the samples were immediately
analyzed. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 100.9%, 99.3%, and 95.5% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 100.7%, 99.3, and 96.3% for
sec-Butyl Acetate; 99.5%, 98.3%, and 95.4% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 101.3%, 99.4%, and 96.2% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Sampling interference
The ability of 3M 3520 OVMs to collect the analyte was tested when other potential interferences are present by sampling individual
atmospheres containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl alcohol, hexone, and toluene at an average humidity of
80% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these interferences. The
concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Each test
atmosphere also had the following concentrations of the interference mixture in it: n-butyl alcohol (302 mg/m3 or 101 ppm), hexone
(408 mg/m3 or 99 ppm), and toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers were exposed to contaminated air (air containing the
analyte and interferences) for 240 min for each test. All of the samples were immediately analyzed. The recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 102.5%, 100.6%, and 97.9%, for n-Butyl
Acetate; 104.2%, 100.1%, and 98.8% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 102.9%, 100.4%,
and 97.1% for tert-Butyl Acetate; and 102.8%, 99.1%, and 96.7% for
Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte on the backup pad of the
sampler for any of the tests.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test
atmosphere at the PEL level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of 80% at 22 °C. The concentrations
of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate
(965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (708mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns about the capacity of the media to collect all
four analytes at these concentrations, three 3M 3520 OVMs were collected for 2 hours instead of the 4 hours listed in "Evaluation
Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis".29 The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 100.2%, 99.1%, and
96.9% for n-Butyl Acetate; 100.8%, 99.6%, and 98.2% for
sec-Butyl Acetate; 101.1%, 99.7%, and 98.1% for tert-Butyl
Acetate; and
100.6%, 99.1%, and 98.0% for Isobutyl Acetate. There was no analyte on the backup pad of the sampler for any of the tests.
4.9.3 SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
Reverse diffusion
Reverse diffusion is a measure of the ability of the sorbent within a diffusive sampler to retain the collected analyte. Reverse diffusion
is measured by first exposing two sets of samplers to humid air containing the analyte, and then additionally exposing one of the sets to
clean humid air. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres
were: n-Butyl Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate (1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and
Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm) of an average relative humidity of 80% at 23ºC. In each test, six samplers were exposed to
contaminated air (air containing the analyte) for 60 min. Sampling was discontinued and three samples set aside. The generation system was
flushed with contaminant-free air. Sampling resumed with the other three samples being exposed to humid contaminant-free air for 180 min and
then all six samplers were analyzed. Comparison of the two sets of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers showed little loss of collected analyte to
reverse diffusion (Tables 4.9.3.1 through 4.9.3.4). The theoretical loadings on the samplers were 1125 μg
n-Butyl Acetate, 1459 μg
sec-Butyl Acetate, 1514 μg
tert-Butyl Acetate, and 1117 μg Isobutyl Acetate.
Table 4.9.3.1
Reverse Diffusion of n-Butyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
1045
1101 |
1102
1068 |
1134
1125 |
1094
1098
100.4% |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.2.2
Reverse Diffusion of sec-Butyl
Acetate on
3M 3520 OVMs
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
1384
1401
|
1469
1432 |
1423
1357 |
1425
1396
98.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 4.9.3.3
Reverse Diffusion of tert-Butyl
Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
1441
1489 |
1532
1402 |
1472
1439 |
1482
1443
97.4% |
|
|
|
Table 4.9.3.4
Reverse Diffusion of Isobutyl Acetate on
SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers
|
|
mass (μg)
|
set |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
first
second
second/first |
1110
1056 |
1045
1129 |
1081
1024 |
1079
1070
99.1% |
|
|
Low humidity
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analyte from a relatively dry atmosphere was tested by using test
atmospheres having an average relative humidity of 20% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of
the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (1435 mg/m3 or 302 ppm),
sec-Butyl Acetate
(1910 mg/m3 or 402 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate (1930 mg/m3 or 406 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (1416 mg/m3 or 298 ppm). For each test
atmosphere, three samplers were exposed to contaminated (air containing the analyte) for 240 min. All of the samples were
immediately analyzed. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 102.3%, 99.8%, and 97.6% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 103.3%, 100.1% and 98.5%
for sec-Butyl Acetate; 103.5%, 99.2% and 98.6% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 102.6%, 100.2%, and 98.7% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Low concentration
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analyte from a low concentration atmosphere was tested by using test
atmospheres at 0.1 times the target level having an average relative humidity of 80% RH at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were
dynamically generated for each of the analytes. The concentrations of the test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (72 mg/m3 or 15
ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (96 mg/m3 or 20 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (71 mg/m3 or 15 ppm).
For each test atmosphere, three samplers were exposed to contaminated air (air containing the analyte) for 240 min. All of the
samples were immediately analyzed. The recoveries (% of theoretical) were: 100.1%, 98.6% and 95.6% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 99.8%,
97.4%, and 94.7% for sec-Butyl Acetate; 101.1%, 98.8%, and 95.5% for
tert-Butyl Acetate; and 101.3%, 98.5.2%, and 95.1% for Isobutyl Acetate.
Sampling interference
The ability of SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers to collect the analyte was tested when other potential interferences are present by
sampling individual atmospheres containing a given analyte and an interference mixture of n-butyl alcohol, hexone, and toluene at
an average humidity of 80% at 23ºC. Separate test atmospheres were dynamically generated for each of the analytes with these
interferences. The concentrations of the analytes in the four individual test atmospheres were:
n-Butyl Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151
ppm), sec-Butyl Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm),
tert-Butyl Acetate (965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl
Acetate (708 mg/m3 or 149
ppm). Each test atmosphere also had the following concentrations of the interference mixture in it: n-butyl alcohol (302 mg/m3 or
101 ppm), hexone (408 mg/m3 or 99 ppm), and toluene (375 mg/m3 or 100 ppm). Three samplers were exposed to contaminated air (air
containing the analyte and interferences) for 240 min for each test. All of the samples were immediately analyzed. The recoveries
(% of theoretical) were: 104.1%, 101.7%, and 98.2% for
n-Butyl Acetate; 103.7%, 100.2%, and 97.5% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 103.3%,
100.7%, and 96.8% for tert-Butyl Acetate; and 102.9%, 99.5%, and 96.7% for
Isobutyl Acetate.
A test of the ability of the sampler to collect all four analytes from the same test atmosphere was performed by creating a test
atmosphere at the PEL level of all four analytes in humid air having an average relative humidity of 80% at 22 °C. The concentrations
of the test atmospheres were: n-Butyl
Acetate (718 mg/m3 or 151 ppm), sec-Butyl
Acetate (955 mg/m3 or 201 ppm), tert-Butyl
Acetate
(965 mg/m3 or 203 ppm), and Isobutyl Acetate (708mg/m3 or 149 ppm). Due to concerns about the capacity of the media to collect all
four analytes at these concentrations, three SKC 575-002 Passive Samplers were collected at 0.05 L/min for 2 hours instead of the 4
hours listed in "Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis.30 The recoveries (% of
theoretical) were: 102.1%, 99.4%, and 97.6% for n-Butyl
Acetate; 101.0%, 99.6%, and 98.3% for sec-Butyl
Acetate; 100.4%, 99.1%, and
96.8% for tert-Butyl Acetate; and 100.8%, 99.3%, and 97.6% for
Isobutyl Acetate.
4.10 Qualitative analysis
When necessary, the identity or purity of an analyte peak can be confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry or by another analytical procedure.
The mass spectra in Figure 4.10.1 though 4.10.4 were taken from the NIST spectral library.
Figure 4.10.1 Mass spectrum of n-Butyl Acetate.
|
|
Figure 4.10.2 Mass spectrum of sec-Butyl
Acetate.
|
|
|
|
Figure 4.10.3 Mass spectrum of tert-Butyl
Acetate. |
|
Figure 4.10.4 Mass spectrum of Isobutyl Acetate. |
References
1. OSHA Method 7
Organic Vapors. (accessed 8/3/06).
2. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
OH, 2001; vol. 1, p n-Butyl Acetate 1.
3. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
OH, 2001; vol. 1, p sec-Butyl Acetate 1.
4. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
OH, 2001; vol. 1, p tert-Butyl Acetate 1.
5. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
OH, 2001; vol. 1, p Isobutyl Acetate 1.
6. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
OH, 2001; vol. 1, p n-Butyl Acetate 1.
7. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 7th ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc.: Cincinnati,
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OH, 2001; vol. 1, p n-Butyl Acetate 1.
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sec-Butyl Acetate 1.
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Chemical Sampling Information (CSI). (accessed 11/15/05).
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tert-Butyl Acetate 1.
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Chemical Sampling Information (CSI). (accessed 11/15/05).
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Isobutyl Acetate 1.
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21. OSHA
Chemical Sampling Information (CSI). (accessed 11/15/05).
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Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
23. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
24. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
25. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
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27. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
28. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
29. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
30. Burright, D.; Chan, Y.; Eide, M.; Elskamp, C.; Hendricks, W.; Rose, M.;
Evaluation Guidelines For Air Sampling Methods Utilizing Chromatographic Analysis. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, U.S. Department of Labor: Salt Lake City, UT, 1999 (accessed 3/15/06).
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