Table 215. | Graduate enrollment in science and engineering programs in degree-granting institutions, by field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1985 to fall 1997 |
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Percent | | | | | | | | | | | | | |change, Field of engineering or science | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |1990 to | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1997 _________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 _________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ Total, all sciences and engineering .|404,088 |415,557 |421,526 |424,671 |434,567 |452,178 |471,262 |493,632 |504,449 |504,542 |499,732 |494,219 |487,104 | 7.7 |========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|======== Engineering, total ......................| 95,991 |101,874 |103,953 |102,829 |104,043 |107,625 |113,576 |118,035 |116,858 |113,023 |107,199 |103,223 |101,008 | -6.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ Aerospace ...........................| 2,538 | 2,804 | 3,015 | 3223 | 3,524 | 3,934 | 4,120 | 4,036 | 3,940 | 3,715 | 3,343 | 3,208 | 3,083 | -21.6 Agricultural ........................| 948 | 1,071 | 1,080 | 1052 | 1,043 | 946 | 983 | 1,008 | 1,018 | 1,061 | 1,037 | 1,012 | 941 | -0.5 Biomedical ..........................| 1,370 | 1,534 | 1,674 | 1752 | 1,916 | 2,136 | 2,239 | 2,537 | 2,675 | 2,750 | 2,732 | 2,732 | 2,847 | 33.3 Chemical ............................| 7,150 | 7,012 | 7,111 | 6618 | 6,460 | 6,735 | 7,127 | 7,397 | 7,516 | 7,608 | 7,424 | 7,373 | 7,247 | 7.6 Civil ...............................| 14,902 | 14,976 | 14,682 | 14811 | 14,909 | 15,542 | 17,398 | 19,572 | 19,583 | 19,925 | 19,218 | 18,528 | 17,033 | 9.6 Electrical ..........................| 28,203 | 29,969 | 31,399 | 32035 | 33,257 | 33,722 | 35,182 | 36,460 | 35,314 | 33,050 | 30,747 | 29,736 | 30,617 | -9.2 Engineering science .................| 2,098 | 2,362 | 2,343 | 2386 | 2,077 | 2,020 | 2,154 | 2,218 | 2,180 | 2,089 | 1,955 | 1,751 | 1,647 | -18.5 Industrial ..........................| 10,499 | 11,529 | 12,220 | 11393 | 11,094 | 11,248 | 12,676 | 13,525 | 13,596 | 13,661 | 13,143 | 12,399 | 11,725 | 4.2 Mechanical ..........................| 14,157 | 15,713 | 16,366 | 16151 | 16,265 | 16,879 | 17,730 | 18,637 | 18,477 | 17,761 | 16,363 | 15,509 | 15,044 | -10.9 Metallurgical/materials .............| 3,943 | 4,208 | 4,366 | 4337 | 4,594 | 4,941 | 5,160 | 5,512 | 5,363 | 5,191 | 4,920 | 4,713 | 4,649 | -5.9 Mining ..............................| 489 | 512 | 513 | 489 | 418 | 437 | 489 | 437 | 427 | 424 | 373 | 371 | 348 | -20.4 Nuclear .............................| 1,220 | 1,265 | 1,279 | 1303 | 1,323 | 1,278 | 1,282 | 1,286 | 1,306 | 1,246 | 1,154 | 980 | 868 | -32.1 Petroleum ...........................| 782 | 747 | 818 | 742 | 665 | 670 | 705 | 737 | 725 | 624 | 610 | 562 | 565 | -15.7 Other engineering ...................| 7,692 | 8,172 | 7,087 | 6537 | 6,498 | 7,137 | 6,331 | 4,673 | 4,738 | 3,918 | 4,180 | 4,349 | 4,394 | -38.4 |========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|========|======== All sciences, total .....................|308,097 |313,683 |317,573 |321,842 |330,524 |344,553 |357,686 |375,597 |387,591 |391,519 |392,533 |390,996 |386,096 | 12.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ Physical sciences, total ..............| 30,981 | 32,246 | 32,727 | 32962 | 33,616 | 34,075 | 34,710 | 35,348 | 35,318 | 34,449 | 33,417 | 32,355 | 31,108 | -8.7 Astronomy ...........................| 671 | 689 | 719 | 731 | 789 | 810 | 829 | 869 | 880 | 973 | 912 | 874 | 778 | -4.0 Chemistry ...........................| 18,305 | 18,744 | 18,827 | 18579 | 18,828 | 19,118 | 19,407 | 19,929 | 20,131 | 19,797 | 19,594 | 19,345 | 18,794 | -1.7 Physics .............................| 11,672 | 12,437 | 12,807 | 13308 | 13,657 | 13,813 | 14,081 | 14,122 | 13,841 | 13,162 | 12,425 | 11,728 | 11,147 | -19.3 Other physical sciences .............| 333 | 376 | 374 | 344 | 342 | 334 | 393 | 428 | 466 | 517 | 486 | 395 | 389 | 16.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences.| 15,420 | 15,066 | 14,371 | 13,867 | 13,643 | 13,984 | 14,480 | 15,347 | 15,805 | 16,042 | 15,805 | 15,280 | 14,644 | 4.7 Atmospheric sciences ................| 964 | 961 | 952 | 940 | 912 | 929 | 968 | 1,089 | 1,112 | 1,109 | 1,072 | 1,086 | 1,092 | 17.5 Geosciences .........................| 10,294 | 9,819 | 8,998 | 8463 | 8,052 | 7,692 | 7,567 | 7,744 | 7,785 | 7,741 | 7,608 | 7,323 | 6,997 | -9.0 Oceanography ........................| 2,081 | 2,128 | 2,127 | 2033 | 2,207 | 2,333 | 2,386 | 2,530 | 2,611 | 2,853 | 2,703 | 2,598 | 2,458 | 5.4 Other environmental sciences ........| 2,081 | 2,158 | 2,294 | 2431 | 2,472 | 3,030 | 3,559 | 3,984 | 4,297 | 4,339 | 4,422 | 4,273 | 4,097 | 35.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mathematical sciences, total ..........| 17,563 | 17,949 | 18,508 | 19,077 | 19,247 | 19,774 | 19,952 | 20,355 | 20,000 | 19,579 | 18,509 | 18,015 | 16,759 | -15.2 Mathematics and applied mathematics..| 15,437 | 15,615 | 16,015 | 16,490 | 16,723 | 17,096 | 17,206 | 17,404 | 16,945 | 16,463 | 15,400 | 14,970 | 14,078 | -17.7 Statistics...........................| 2,126 | 2,334 | 2,493 | 2,587 | 2,524 | 2,678 | 2,746 | 2,951 | 3,055 | 3,116 | 3,109 | 3,045 | 2,681 | 0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Computer sciences, total ..............| 29,769 | 31,349 | 32,051 | 32,227 | 32,482 | 34,257 | 34,610 | 36,293 | 36,189 | 34,128 | 33,432 | 34,592 | 36,010 | 5.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Life sciences, total ..................|103,635 |105,661 |106,036 |108,084 |111,862 |116,348 |121,849 |128,992 |136,929 |143,633 |148,280 |148,898 |148,405 | 27.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Agricultural sciences, total ........| 11,561 | 11,458 | 11,118 | 11,135 | 11,190 | 11,316 | 11,506 | 11,827 | 11,914 | 12,199 | 12,367 | 11,914 | 11,810 | 4.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Biological sciences, total ..........| 46,112 | 46,765 | 46,747 | 47,565 | 48,852 | 49,989 | 51,778 | 54,177 | 56,452 | 58,143 | 58,736 | 58,128 | 57,135 | 14.3 Anatomy ...........................| 993 | 973 | 1,016 | 1056 | 1,078 | 1,000 | 1,051 | 1,030 | 1,027 | 1,079 | 1,056 | 1,111 | 1,094 | 9.4 Biochemistry ......................| 4,654 | 4,873 | 4,813 | 4921 | 5,082 | 5,039 | 5,201 | 5,376 | 5,513 | 5,632 | 5,550 | 5,265 | 5,093 | 1.1 Biology ...........................| 12,710 | 12,678 | 12,331 | 12393 | 12,761 | 13,027 | 13,292 | 13,874 | 14,327 | 14,220 | 14,284 | 14,635 | 14,643 | 12.4 Biometry/epidemiology .............| 1,360 | 1,434 | 1,556 | 1682 | 1,722 | 1,871 | 2,032 | 2,365 | 2,658 | 2,710 | 2,812 | 3,001 | 2,900 | 55.0 Biophysics ........................| 441 | 547 | 591 | 592 | 655 | 642 | 697 | 751 | 780 | 794 | 845 | 833 | 748 | 16.5 Botany ............................| 3,157 | 3,123 | 2,979 | 2912 | 2,826 | 2,733 | 2,694 | 2,689 | 2,714 | 2,748 | 2,609 | 2,504 | 2,402 | -12.1 Cell biology ......................| 1,429 | 1,716 | 1,964 | 2078 | 2,234 | 2,555 | 2,809 | 3,093 | 3,374 | 3,768 | 3,890 | 3,896 | 3,981 | 55.8 Ecology ...........................| 1,028 | 1,022 | 963 | 999 | 1,084 | 1,136 | 1,180 | 1,301 | 1,410 | 1,566 | 1,680 | 1,615 | 1,659 | 46.0 Entomology/parasitology ...........| 1,342 | 1,306 | 1,244 | 1240 | 1,181 | 1,173 | 1,171 | 1,193 | 1,247 | 1,263 | 1,241 | 1,234 | 1,161 | -1.0 Genetics ..........................| 1,120 | 1,262 | 1,314 | 1289 | 1,365 | 1,408 | 1,520 | 1,639 | 1,785 | 1,699 | 1,700 | 1,729 | 1,760 | 25.0 Microbio., immunology, & virology .| 4,445 | 4,371 | 4,452 | 4773 | 4,827 | 4,873 | 4,928 | 4,972 | 5,068 | 5,141 | 5,072 | 4,963 | 4,854 | -0.4 Nutrition .........................| 4,241 | 4,259 | 4,158 | 4132 | 4,164 | 4,172 | 4,164 | 4,159 | 4,388 | 4,747 | 5,016 | 4,859 | 4,550 | 9.1 Pathology .........................| 1,305 | 1,323 | 1,369 | 1333 | 1,369 | 1,354 | 1,449 | 1,456 | 1,575 | 1,707 | 1,670 | 1,656 | 1,674 | 23.6 Pharmacology ......................| 2,103 | 2,078 | 2,072 | 2124 | 2,267 | 2,353 | 2,432 | 2,529 | 2,645 | 2,830 | 2,700 | 2,652 | 2,582 | 9.7 Physiology ........................| 2,211 | 2,220 | 2,213 | 2220 | 2,206 | 2,236 | 2,332 | 2,317 | 2,372 | 2,378 | 2,540 | 2,377 | 2,298 | 2.8 Zoology ...........................| 2,127 | 2,075 | 2,104 | 2029 | 2,083 | 2,104 | 2,191 | 2,139 | 2,120 | 2,092 | 2,068 | 1,911 | 1,730 | -17.8 Other biosciences .................| 1,446 | 1,505 | 1,608 | 1792 | 1,948 | 2,313 | 2,635 | 3,294 | 3,449 | 3,769 | 4,003 | 3,887 | 4,006 | 73.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Health fields, total ................| 45,962 | 47,438 | 48,171 | 49,384 | 51,820 | 55,043 | 58,565 | 62,988 | 68,563 | 73,291 | 77,177 | 78,856 | 79,460 | 44.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Medical fields .....................| 9,221 | 9,244 | 9,809 | 10,101 | 10,232 | 10,950 | 11,707 | 12,594 | 14,184 | 15,027 | 15,521 | 15,320 | 15,234 | 39.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other health fields ................| 36,741 | 38,194 | 38,362 | 39,283 | 41,588 | 44,093 | 46,858 | 50,394 | 54,379 | 58,264 | 61,656 | 63,536 | 64,226 | 45.7 Dentistry .........................| 797 | 908 | 1,022 | 1048 | 1,004 | 956 | 1,016 | 1,121 | 1,135 | 1,199 | 1,251 | 1,291 | 1,434 | 50.0 Nursing ...........................| 17,965 | 18,398 | 18,444 | 18862 | 19,689 | 21,194 | 22,012 | 23,213 | 24,781 | 26,997 | 28,405 | 27,388 | 26,679 | 25.9 Pharmaceutical sciences ...........| 2,553 | 2,682 | 2,607 | 2613 | 2,787 | 2,889 | 2,968 | 2,804 | 2,871 | 2,901 | 2,948 | 2,975 | 3,051 | 5.6 Speech pathology/audiology ........| 7,761 | 7,774 | 7,314 | 7479 | 7,911 | 8,354 | 8,945 | 9,791 | 10,740 | 11,473 | 12,092 | 12,973 | 13,320 | 59.4 Veterinary sciences ...............| 637 | 630 | 731 | 752 | 801 | 900 | 894 | 942 | 877 | 875 | 929 | 946 | 1,175 | 30.6 Other health related ..............| 7,028 | 7,802 | 8,244 | 8529 | 9,396 | 9,800 | 11,023 | 12,523 | 13,975 | 14,819 | 16,031 | 17,963 | 18,567 | 89.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Psychology, total .....................| 40,721 | 41,241 | 42,612 | 43,963 | 45,528 | 48,167 | 51,343 | 53,484 | 54,557 | 54,554 | 53,641 | 53,209 | 53,142 | 10.3 Psychology, general .................| 104 | 118 | 267 | 15,443 | 19,408 | 20,108 | 19,555 | 18,802 | 18,887 | 18,297 | 17,666 | 16,894 | 17,375 | -13.6 Clinical psychology .................| 39,919 | 40,361 | 41,566 | 20,548 | 9,298 | 9,916 | 10,834 | 12,090 | 12,526 | 12,684 | 12,519 | 12,787 | 12,893 | 30.0 Other psychology ....................| 698 | 762 | 779 | 7,972 | 16,822 | 18,143 | 20,954 | 22,592 | 23,144 | 23,573 | 23,456 | 23,528 | 22,874 | 26.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Social sciences, total ................| 70,008 | 70,171 | 71,268 | 71,662 | 74,146 | 77,948 | 80,742 | 85,778 | 88,793 | 89,134 | 89,449 | 88,647 | 86,028 | 10.4 Agricultural economics ..............| 2,268 | 2,248 | 2,203 | 2259 | 2,276 | 2,273 | 2,364 | 2,522 | 2,415 | 2,289 | 2,338 | 2,117 | 2,043 | -10.1 Anthropology ........................| 5,631 | 5,805 | 5,835 | 5945 | 6,128 | 6,479 | 6,731 | 7,123 | 7,361 | 7,665 | 7,693 | 7,773 | 7,558 | 16.7 Economics (except agricultural) .....| 12,430 | 12,103 | 11,998 | 12036 | 12,139 | 12,326 | 12,707 | 13,252 | 13,214 | 12,913 | 12,673 | 12,080 | 11,069 | -10.2 Geography ...........................| 2,936 | 3,055 | 3,223 | 3208 | 3,479 | 3,530 | 3,760 | 4,102 | 4,378 | 4,502 | 4,371 | 4,331 | 4,287 | 21.4 History and philosophy of science ...| 272 | 266 | 294 | 288 | 304 | 331 | 337 | 360 | 369 | 387 | 401 | 409 | 443 | 33.8 Linguistics .........................| 3,055 | 3,109 | 3,282 | 3243 | 3,286 | 3,404 | 3,425 | 3,277 | 3,321 | 3,279 | 3,194 | 3,156 | 3,008 | -11.6 Political science ...................| 26,621 | 27,091 | 27,429 | 27723 | 29,194 | 30,582 | 31,707 | 33,797 | 35,076 | 34,317 | 34,298 | 33,252 | 32,039 | 4.8 Sociology ...........................| 6,637 | 6,565 | 7,026 | 7117 | 7,405 | 7,801 | 8,393 | 9,011 | 9,425 | 9,498 | 9,564 | 9,425 | 9,423 | 20.8 Sociology/anthropology ..............| 983 | 988 | 942 | 960 | 988 | 1,164 | 899 | 979 | 935 | 987 | 941 | 923 | 948 | -18.6 Other social sciences ...............| 9,175 | 8,941 | 9,036 | 8883 | 8,947 | 10,058 | 10,419 | 11,355 | 12,299 | 13,297 | 13,976 | 15,181 | 15,210 | 51.2 _________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ |
NOTE: Includes estimates for master's degree granting institutions which were surveyed on a sample basis from 1985 through 1987. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 1997. (This table was prepared August 1999.)
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