| Table 38. | Historical summary of public elementaryand secondary school statistics: 1869-70 to 1997-98 |
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Item | 1869-70 |1879-80| 1889-90|1899-1900| 1909-10|1919-20 |1929-30 |1939-40 |1949-50 | 1959-60 | 1969-70 | 1979-80 | 1989-90 | 1990-91 | 1996-97 | 1997-98
_________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17
_________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
Population, pupils, and instructional staff | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total population,\1\ in thousands ...............| 38,558 |50,156 | 62,622 | 75,995 | 90,490 |104,514 |121,878 |131,028 |149,188 | 177,830 | 201,385 | 224,567 | 246,819 | 249,464 | 265,229 | 267,784
Population aged 5-17 years,\1\ in thousands .....| 11,683 |15,066 | 18,473 | 21,573 | 24,011 | 27,571 | 31,414 | 30,151 | 30,223 | 43,881 | 52,386 | 48,041 | 44,947 | 45,325 | 49,816 | 50,505
Percent of total population 5-17 ................| 30.3 | 30.0 | 29.5 | 28.4 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 23.0 | 20.3 | 24.7 | 26.0 | 21.4 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 18.9
|==========|=======|========|=========|========|========|========|========|========|===========|===========|============|=============|=============|=============|=============
Total enrollment in elementary and secondary | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
schools, in thousands\2\ .......................|\3\ 7,562 | 9,867 | 12,723 | 15,503 | 17,814 | 21,578 | 25,678 | 25,434 | 25,112 | 36,087 | 45,550 | 41,651 | 40,543 | 41,217 | 45,611 | 46,127
|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
Kindergarten and grades 1-8, in thousands .....|\3\ 7,481 | 9,757 | 12,520 | 14,984 | 16,899 | 19,378 | 21,279 | 18,833 | 19,387 | 27,602 | 32,513 | 28,034 | 29,152 | 29,878 | 32,764 | 33,073
Grades 9-12, in thousands .....................|\3\ 80 | 110 | 203 | 519 | 915 | 2,200 | 4,399 | 6,601 | 5,725 | 8,485 | 13,037 | 13,616 | 11,390 | 11,338 | 12,847 | 13,054
|==========|=======|========|=========|========|========|========|========|========|===========|===========|============|=============|=============|=============|=============
Enrollment as a percent of total population .....|\3\ 19.6 | 19.7 | 20.3 | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 20.3 | 22.6 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 17.2
Enrollment as a percent of 5- to 17-year-olds ...|\3\ 64.7 | 65.5 | 68.9 | 71.9 | 74.2 | 78.3 | 81.7 | 84.4 | 83.1 | 82.2 | 87.0 | 86.7 | 90.2 | 90.9 | 91.6 | 91.3
Percent of total enrollment in high schools | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(grades 9-12 and postgraduate) .................|\3\ 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 17.1 | 26.0 | 22.8 | 23.5 | 28.6 | 32.7 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 28.2 | 28.3
High school graduates, in thousands .............| --- | --- | 22 | 62 | 111 | 231 | 592 | 1,143 | 1,063 | 1,627 | 2,589 | 2,748 | 2,320 | 2,235 | 2,358 | 2,440
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average daily attendance, in thousands ..........| 4,077 | 6,144 | 8,154 | 10,633 | 12,827 | 16,150 | 21,265 | 22,042 | 22,284 | 32,477 | 41,934 | 38,289 | 37,799 | 38,427 | 42,262 | 42,855
Total number of days attended by pupils | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
enrolled, in millions ..........................| 539 | 801 | 1,098 | 1,535 | 2,011 | 2,615 | 3,673 | 3,858 | 3,964 | 5,782 | 7,501 |\4\ 6,835 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily ......| 59.3 | 62.3 | 64.1 | 68.6 | 72.1 | 74.8 | 82.8 | 86.7 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 90.4 |\4\ 90.1 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Average length of school term, in days ..........| 132.2 | 130.3 | 134.7 | 144.3 | 157.5 | 161.9 | 172.7 | 175.0 | 177.9 | 178.0 | 178.9 |\4\ 178.5 | --- | 179.8 | --- | ---
Average number of days attended per pupil .......| 78.4 | 81.1 | 86.3 | 99.0 | 113 | 121.2 | 143 | 151.7 | 157.9 | 160.2 | 161.7 |\4\ 160.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total instructional staff, in thousands .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 678 | 880 | 912 | 963 | 1,457 | 2,286 | 2,406 | 2,986 | 3,051 | 3,448 | 3,573
Supervisors, in thousands .....................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 7 | 7 | 5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Principals, in thousands ......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 14 | 31 | 32 | 43 | 64 | 91 | 106 | 126 | 127 | 124 | 126
Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
instructional staff,\5\ in thousands .........| 201 | 287 | 364 | 423 | 523 | 657 | 843 | 875 | 920 | 1,393 | 2,195 | 2,300 | 2,860 | 2,924 | 3,324 | 3,447
Men, in thousands ...........................| 78 | 123 | 126 | 127 | 110 | 93 | 140 | 195 | 196 |\4\ 404 |\4\ 711 |\4\ 782 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Women, in thousands .........................| 123 | 164 | 238 | 296 | 413 | 585 | 703 | 681 | 724 |\4\ 989 |\4\ 1,484 |\4\ 1,518 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Percent men .................................| 38.7 | 42.8 | 34.5 | 29.9 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 16.6 | 22.2 | 21.3 |\4\ 29.0 |\4\ 32.4 |\4\ 34.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---
|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
Revenues and expenditures | Amounts in millions of current dollars
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total revenue receipts ..........................| ---| --- | $143 | $220 | $433 | $970 | $2,089 | $2,261 | $5,437 | $14,747 | $40,267 | $96,881 | $208,548 | $223,341 | $305,065 | $325,976
Federal government ............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2 | 7 | 40 | 156 | 652 | 3,220 | 9,504 | 12,701 | 13,776 | 20,081 | 22,202
State governments .............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 160 | 354 | 684 | 2,166 | 5,768 | 16,063 | 45,349 | 98,239 | 105,325 | 146,436 | 157,645
Local sources, including intermediate .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 808 | 1,728 | 1,536 | 3,116 | 8,327 | 20,985 | 42,029 | 97,608 | 104,240 | 138,548 | 146,129
Percent distribution of revenue receipts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal government ............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.8
State governments .............................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.5 | 16.9 | 30.3 | 39.8 | 39.1 | 39.9 | 46.8 | 47.1 | 47.2 | 48.0 | 48.4
Local sources, including intermediate .........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 83.2 | 82.7 | 68.0 | 57.3 | 56.5 | 52.1 | 43.4 | 46.8 | 46.7 | 45.4 | 44.8
Total expenditures for public schools ...........| $63 | $78 | $141 | $215 | $426 | $1,036 | $2,317 | $2,344 | $5,838 | $15,613 | $40,683 | $95,962 | $212,770 | $229,430 | $313,151 | 334,322
Current expenditures\6\ .......................| ---| --- | 114 | 180 | 356 | 861 | 1,844 | 1,942 | 4,687 |\7\ 12,329 |\7\ 34,218 |\7\ 86,984 |\7\ 188,229 |\7\ 202,038 |\7\ 270,174 |\7\ 285,490
Capital outlay\8\ .............................| ---| --- | 26 | 35 | 70 | 154 | 371 | 258 | 1,014 | 2,662 | 4,659 | 6,506 | 17,781 | 19,771 | 31,429 | 36,168
Interest on school debt .......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 18 | 93 | 131 | 101 | 490 | 1,171 | 1,874 | 3,776 | 4,325 | 6,899 | 7,779
Other current expenditures\9\ .................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 3 | 10 | 13 | 36 | 133 | 636 |\10\ 598 | 2,983 | 3,296 | 4,649 | 4,885
Percent distribution of total expenditures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current expenditures\6\ .......................| ---| --- | 81.3 | 83.5 | 83.6 | 83.1 | 79.6 | 82.8 | 80.3 |\7\ 79.0 |\7\ 84.1 |\7\ 90.6 |\7\ 88.5 |\7\ 88.1 |\7\ 86.3 |\7\ 85.4
Capital outlay\8\ .............................| ---| --- | 18.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 11.0 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 11.5 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 10.8
Interest on school debt .......................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.3
Other current expenditures\9\ .................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 |\10\ 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5
|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
| | | | Amounts in current dollars
|__________________|________|_________|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Annual salary of instructional staff\11\ ........| $189 | $195 | $252 | $325 | $485 | $871 | $1,420 | $1,441 | $3,010 | $5,174 | $9,047 |\12\$16,715 |\12\ $32,638 |\12\ $34,401 |\12\ $40,435 |\12\ $41,272
Personal income per member of labor force\1\ ....| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1,734 | 1,324 | 3,397 | 5,763 | 9,671 | 19,831 | 37,134 | 38,964 | 48,882 | 50,896
Total school expenditures per capita of total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
population .....................................| 1.59 | 1.56 | 2.23 | 2.83 | 4.71 | 9.91 | 19.01 | 17.89 | 39 | 88 | 202 | 427 | 862 | 920 | 1,181 | 1,248
National income\1\ per capita ...................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 712 | 556 | 1,453 | 2,314 | 3,986 | 9,243 | 17,795 | 18,608 | 23,415 | 24,715
Current expenditure\6,13\ per pupil in A.D.A.\14\| ---| --- | 13.99 | 16.67 | 27.85 | 53.32 | 86.70 | 88.09 | 210 | 375 | 816 | 2,272 | 4,980 | 5,258 | 6,393 | 6,662
Total expenditure\15\ per pupil in A.D.A. .......| 15.55 | 12.71 | 17.23 | 20.21 | 33.23 | 64.16 | 108.49 | 105.74 | 260 | 471 | 955 | 2,491 | 5,550 | 5,885 | 7,300 | 7,687
National income per pupil in A.D.A. .............| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4,082 | 3,307 | 9,724 | 12,671 | 19,142 | 54,209 | 116,195 | 120,805 | 146,950 | 154,438
Current expenditure per day\16\ per pupil in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A.D.A.\6\ ......................................| ---| --- | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.17 | 2.11 | 4.56 | 12.73 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Total expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. ...| 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 1.46 | 2.65 | 5.34 | 13.95 | --- | --- | --- | ---
|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________
| Amounts in constant 1997-98 dollars
|__________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Annual salary of instructional staff\11\ ........| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | $7,392 |$13,418 |$16,678 |$20,557 | $28,481 | $38,737 |\12\$34,824 |\12\ $41,575 |\12\ $41,549 |\12\ $41,156 |\12\ $41,272
Personal income per member of labor force\1\ ....| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 16,389 | 15,318 | 23,201 | 31,722 | 41,410 | 41,316 | 47,302 | 47,060 | 49,754 | 50,896
Total school expenditures per capita of total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
population .....................................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 84 | 180 | 207 | 267 | 483 | 865 | 890 | 1,098 | 1,111 | 1,202 | 1,248
National income\1\ per capita ...................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6,730 | 6,439 | 9,920 | 12,738 | 17,067 | 19,256 | 22,667 | 22,475 | 23,833 | 24,715
Current expenditure\6,13\ per pupil in A.D.A.\14\| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 453 | 819 | 1,020 | 1,434 | 2,065 | 3,494 | 4,733 | 6,343 | 6,350 | 6,507 | 6,662
Total expenditure\15\ per pupil in A.D.A. .......| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 545 | 1,025 | 1,224 | 1,778 | 2,593 | 4,089 | 5,190 | 7,070 | 7,108 | 7,430 | 7,687
National income per pupil in A.D.A. .............| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 38,570 | 38,278 | 66,413 | 69,746 | 81,961 | 112,940 | 148,011 | 145,905 | 149,571 | 154,438
Current expenditure per day\16\ per pupil in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A.D.A.\6\ ......................................| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.80 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 11.6 | 19.5 | 26.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---
Total expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. ...| ---| --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.39 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 10.0 | 14.6 | 22.9 | 29.1 | --- | --- | --- | ---
_________________________________________________|__________|_______|________|_________|________|________|________|________|________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|_____________|_____________|_____________ |
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---Not Available. NOTE: Kindergarten enrollment includes a relatively small number of nursery school pupils. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Beginning in 1959-60, data include Alaska and Hawaii. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, FY 1980; Common Core of Data surveys; and Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of the President. (This table was prepared May 2000.)
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