ISSUES
1. Interconnection 2. Negotiation, Arbitration, and Approval of Agreements 3. Universal Service 4. Access by Persons with Disabilities 5. Interconnectivity 6. Market Entry Barriers 7. Illegal Changes in Subscriber Carrier Selection 8. Infrastructure Sharing 9. Telemessaging 10. Eligible Telecommunications Carriers 11. Service Area Definition 12. Exempt Telecommunications Companies 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services 14. Manufacturing by BOC 15. Electronic Publishing by BOC 16. Alarm Monitoring Services 17. Pay Phone Services 18. Broadcast Spectrum Flexibility 19. Broadcast Ownership 20. Terms of Broadcast Licenses 21. Broadcast License Renewals 22. Over-the-Air Reception Devices 23. Cable Reform 24. Open Video System 25. Competitive Availability of Navigation Devices 26. Video Programming Accessibility 27. Regulatory Reform 28. Obscene or Harassing Use of Telecommunications Facilities 29. Scrambling of Sexually Explicit Adult Video Service Program 30. Parental Choice in TV Programming "V-Chip" 31. Effect on Other Laws 32. Unfair Billing Practices 33. Privacy of Customer Information 34. Pole Attachments 35. Facilities Siting; Radio Frequency Emission Standards 36. Mobile Services Direct Access to Long Distance Carriers 37. Advanced Telecommunications Incentives 38. Telecommunications Development Fund Other Statutory Requirements/Deadlines |
PAGE 1 3 3 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 11 13 14 15 16 18 20 20 21 22 24 26 27 28 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 38 |
CSB CCB CIB DTF IB MMB OCBO
OGC OPP WTB |
Cable Services Bureau - Meryl Icove (202)418-2372 Common Carrier Bureau - (202)418-1500 Compliance and Information Bureau - Lawrence Clance (202)418-1110 Disabilities Task Force - Andrew Firth (202)418-2335 International Bureau - Bob Calaff (202)418-0431 Mass Media Bureau - Charles Logan (202)418-2130 Office of Communications Business Opportunities - Office of Engineering and Technology - Stevenson Kaminer (202)418-2924 Office of General Counsel - William Kennard (202)418-1700 Office of Plans and Policy - Robert Pepper (202)418-2030 Wireless Telecommunications Bureau - Jim Swartz (202)418-0783 Boldface Indicates Bureau/Office with primary responsibility [ ] Indicates Bureau/Office with secondary responsibility |
NOI NPRM Order Recon. |
Notice of Inquiry
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Report and Order Reconsideration Order Memorandum Opinion and Order |
This chart is a working document that reflects the FCC staff's current plans
regarding implementation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 but does
not constitute an interpretation of the Act by the staff or the Commission.
It is being released for the convenience of the public. It is not intended to
be binding in any way and it is subject to change without any notice.
ISSUE/ BUREAUS | STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS/DEADLINES | FCC PROCEEDINGS | TIMETABLE | STATUS
1. Interconnection | CCB [WTB] [CSB] FCC, w/in 6 mos., shall establish regulations to implement Sec. 251-interconnection requirements. (9)* | Interconnection | Proceeding CC Docket 96-98 NPRM FCC 96-182 Order FCC 96-325 Phase 1 Recon. Order FCC 96-476 Recon.Order -Shared Transport FCC 97-295 NPRM | Order Recon. Order - Phase 1 Recon. Order - Shared Transport | Adopted - 4/19/96 Released - 4/19/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/16/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/30/96 Adopted - 8/1/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/29/96 Adopted - 12/13/96 Released - 12/13/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/19/96 Adopted - 8/18/97 Released - 8/18/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/28/97 1. Interconnection | WTB [CSB] | LEC-CMRS | Interconnection CC Dockets 94-54 and 95-185 Supplemental Question FCC 96-61 Order FCC 96-325 Pub. Notice FCC 97-344 Extending comment dates | and raising supplemental questions Order Public Notice - Rules in Effect After 8th Circuit Decision | Adopted - 2/16/96 Released - 2/16/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/23/96 Comment Period Ended - 3/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 3/25/96 Adopted - 8/1/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/29/96 Released - 9/30/97 1. Interconnection | CCB FCC shall create or designate one or more impartial entities to administer telecommunications numbering and make such numbers available on an equitable basis. Cost to be borne by all carriers on competitively neutral basis as determined by FCC. (9) | Numbering | Administration CC Docket 92-237 Order FCC 96-333 Order | | Adopted - 8/8/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/6/96 1. Interconnection | CCB [WTB] Number Portability | Number Portability | CC Docket 95-116 Order FCC 96-286 Recon. Order FCC 97-74 Order | Recon. Order - Phase 1 Recon. Order - Other Issues 4th Quarter 1997 Recon. Order - Interim Cost Recovery 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 6/27/96 Released - 7/2/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 7/25/96 Adopted - 3/6/97 Released - 3/11/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/15/97 1. Interconnection | CCB [WTB] Intelligent Network Interconnection | Intelligent Network | CC Docket 91-346 | | 2. Negotiation, Arbitration, and Approval of Agreements | CCB [WTB] FCC shall issue order preempting state commission's jurisdiction if state commission fails to carry out its responsibilities under Sec. 252, w/in 90 days after notification of failure. FCC shall assume the responsibility of the state commission and act for the state commission. (15) | Interconnection | Proceeding CC Docket 96-98 NPRM FCC 96-182 Order FCC 96-325 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 4/19/96 Released - 4/19/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/16/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/30/96 Adopted - 8/1/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/29/96 3. Universal Service | CCB [WTB] FCC, w/in 1 mon, shall institute and refer to Federal-State Joint Board proceeding to recommend changes to any of its regulations to implement section 214(e) and this section, including definition of services support by Federal universal service support mechanisms and specific timetable for completion of recommendations. (17)
Joint Board to make recommendations to FCC w/in 9 mos. (17)
FCC , w/in 15 mos., shall initiate and complete single proceeding to implement Joint Board recommendations. Thereafter, FCC shall complete proceeding to implement subsequent recommendations w/in 1 year after receiving recommendations. (17) | Joint Board | (Definition of Universal Service; Support Mechanisms) CC Docket 96-45 NPRM FCC 96-93 Jt.Bd.Rec. FCC 96J-3 Order FCC 97-157 NPRM | Jt. Bd. Recommendations Order | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Adopted - 11/7/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/17/97 3. Universal Service | CCB [WTB] FCC shall periodically take into account advances in telecommunications and information technologies and services. (18)
FCC shall consider certain factors in establishing definition of services supported by Federal universal service support mechanisms. (18)
FCC may receive modifications to definitions from Joint Board from time to time. (18) | Joint Board | (Definition of Universal Service; Support Mechanisms) CC Docket 96-45 NPRM FCC 96-93 Jt.Bd.Rec. FCC 96J-3 Order FCC 97-157 NPRM | Jt. Bd. Recommendations Order | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/7/96 Adopted - 11/7/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/17/97 3. Universal Service | OPP IB CCB CSB WTB [DTF] FCC may designate additional services for support mechanisms for schools, libraries, and health care providers. (18) | Advanced Services | To Be Determined | | 3. Universal Service | CCB [WTB] FCC may exempt carriers from the contribution requirements if contribution would be de minimis. (19) | Joint Board | (Definition of Universal Service; Support Mechanisms) CC Docket 96-45 NPRM FCC 96-93 Jt.Bd.Rec. FCC 96J-3 Order FCC 97-157 NPRM | Jt. Bd. Recommendations Order | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/7/96 Adopted - 11/7/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/17/97 3. Universal Service | CCB Interexchange and Interstate Services: FCC, w/in 6 mos., shall adopt rules to require that rates charged by providers of interexchange telecommunications services to subscribers in rural and high cost areas shall be no higher than the rates charged by such provider to subscribers in urban areas. Rules shall require a provider of interstate interexchange telecomunications services to provide such services to its subscribers in each state at rates no higher than the rates charged to its subscribers in any state. (19) | Interexchange | Carrier Processing CC Docket 96-61 NPRM FCC 96-123 Order FCC 96-331 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 3/21/96 Released - 3/25/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/26/96 Adopted - 8/7/96 Released - 8/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/16/96 3. Universal Service | IB CCB CSB OPP WTB The FCC shall establish competitively neutral rules to enhance, to the extent technically feasible and economically reasonable, access to advanced telecommunications and information services for all public and nonprofit elementary and secondary school classrooms, health care providers, and libraries; and to define the circumstances under which a telecommunications carrier may be required to connect its network to such public institutional telecommunications users. (20) | Advanced Services | To Be Determined | | 3. Universal Service | CCB FCC shall establish necessary cost allocation rules, accounting safeguards, and guidelines to ensure that services included in definition of universal service bear no more than reasonable share of joint and common costs of facilities used to provide services. (21) | Accounting Safeguards
Order FCC 97-163 | Order | | Adopted - 5/8/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/28/97 4. Access by Persons w/ Disabilities | CCB WTB DTF [CSB] [CIB] [MMB] [OET] Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board to develop guidelines for accessibility of telecommunications equipment and CPE in conjunction with FCC. (22) (Note: Board to develop guidelines w/in 18 mos.)
FCC shall have exclusive jurisdiction over complaints under this section. (22) | Equipment and | Service Accessibility Rules Notice WT Docket 96-198 NOI FCC 96-382 Wireline HAC Proceeding CC Docket 87-124 Order FCC 96-285 Telecom. Relay Services CC Docket 90-571 NOI FCC 97-7 NOI | Order NOI | Adopted - 9/17/96 Released - 9/19/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/26/96 Comment Period Ended - 10/28/96 Reply Period Ended - 11/27/96 Adopted - 6/27/96 Released - 7/3/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/14/96 Adopted - 1/9/97 Released - 1/14/97 Comment Period Ended - 3/17/97 Reply Period Ended - 4/21/97 5. Interconnectivity | OET CCB WTB FCC shall establish procedures for FCC oversight of coordinated network planning by common carriers and other providers of telecommunications services for the effective and efficient interconnection of public telecommunications networks used to provide telecommunications service, and may participate in development by appropriate industry standards-setting organizations of public telecommunications network interconnectivity standards. (22) | Amend Network | Reliability Council Charter Network Planning Charter | To Be Determined | Adopted - 4/12/96 Released to GSA/OMB - 4/12/96 6. Market Entry Barriers | OGC WTB OCBO FCC, w/in 15 mos. shall complete proceeding to identify and eliminate market entry barriers for entrepreneurs and other small businesses in the provision and ownership of telecommunications services and information services, or provision of parts or services to providers of telecommunications services and
information services. (23)
Every 3 years following proceeding, FCC shall review and report to Congress regulations prescribed to eliminate barriers, and statutory barriers recommended to be eliminated. (23) | Market Entry Barriers
GN Docket 96-113 | NOI FCC 96-216 Report FCC 97-164 Items addressing market entry barriers in specific services NOI | Report NPRM Ongoing Order Ongoing | Adopted - 5/10/96 Released - 5/21/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/26/96 Comment Period Ended - 9/27/96 Reply Period Ended - 10/11/96 Adopted - 5/8/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/27/97 7. Illegal Changes in Subscriber Carrier Selection (Slamming) | CCB Prohibits telecommunications carriers from changing a subscriber's selection of a provider of telephone exchange service or telephone toll service except in accordance w/verification procedures prescribed by FCC. Liabilities for charges in accordance with procedures prescribed by FCC. (23) | Policies and Rules | Concerning Unauthorized Changes of Consumers' Long Distance Carriers CC Docket 94-129 NPRM FCC 97-248 NPRM | Order 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 7/14/97 Released - 7/15/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/14/97 Comment Period Ended - 9/15/97 8. Infrastructure Sharing | CCB [WTB] FCC shall prescribe w/in 1 year, regulations that require incumbent LECs to make available to qualifying carriers public switched network infrastructure, technology, information, and telecommunications facilities and functions requested by the carrier to enable carrier to provide telecommunications services, or access to information services, in service area in which such carrier is designated as an eligible carrier. (Sets forth 7 terms and conditions of FCC regulation) (23-24) | Infrastructure | Sharing CC Docket 96-237 NPRM FCC 96-456 Order FCC 97-36 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 11/22/96 Released - 11/22/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Comment Period Ended - 12/20/96 Reply Period Ended - 1/3/97 Adopted - 2/6/97 Released - 2/7/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/3/97 9. Telemessaging | CCB FCC shall establish procedures for the receipt and review of complaints for violations of the nondiscrimination safeguard requirements that apply to telemessaging services, or regulations that result in material financial harm to providers of telemessaging service. (25) | Telemessaging | CC Docket 96-238 NPRM FCC 96-460 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 11/26/96 Released - 11/27/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/26/96 Comment Period Ended - 1/6/97 Reply Period Ended - 1/31/97 10. Eligible Telecom. Carriers | CCB [WTB] FCC with respect to interstate services shall determine which carriers are best able to provide telecommunications services to the requesting unserved community or portion thereof and shall order carrier(s) to provide service. (26-27) | Joint Board | (Definition of Universal Service; Support Mechanisms) CC Docket 96-45 NPRM FCC 96-93 Order FCC 97-157 Jt.Bd.Rec. FCC 96J-3 NPRM | Jt. Bd. Recommendations Order | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/7/96 Adopted - 11/7/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/17/97 11. Service Area Definition | CCB [WTB] FCC (and the states), after taking into account recommendations of a Federal-State Joint Board, may establish a different definition of service area served by a rural telephone company. (27) | Joint Board | (Definition of Universal Service; Support Mechanisms) CC Docket 96-45 NPRM FCC 96-93 Jt.Bd.Rec. FCC 96J-3 Order FCC 97-157 NPRM | Jt. Bd. Recommendations Order | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/7/96 Adopted - 11/7/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/2/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/8/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/17/97 12. Exempt Telecom. Companies | OGC FCC, w/in 60 days of receipt of application, must determine exempt telecommunications companies. Any company determined by FCC to be engaged directly or indirectly, wherever located, through one or more affiliates, and exclusively in the business of providing telecommunications services, information services, other services or products under FCC jurisdiction, or products or services related or incidental to the provision of the above is an "exempt telecommunications company." (28) | CSW | Entergy Technology Co. Entergy Technology Holding Co. CSW Statutory Deadline - | 4/8/96 Entergy Technology Co. Statutory Deadline - 4/16/96 Entergy Technology Holding Co. Statutory Deadline - 4/16/96 | Adopted - 4/4/96 Released - 4/4/96 Adopted - 4/9/96 Released - 4/12/96 Adopted - 4/9/96 Released - 4/12/96 12. Exempt Telecom. Companies | OGC FCC, not later than 12 mos. after enactment of this section, shall promulgate rules implementing (this paragraph) which shall be applicable to applications filed after the effective date of FCC rules. (28) | Utility Company Entry
Statutory Deadline | - 2/7/97 GC Docket 96-101 NPRM FCC 96-192 R&O FCC 96-376 NPRM | R&O | Adopted - 4/25/96 Released - 4/26/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 5/16/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/17/96 Reply Period Ended - 7/5/96 Adopted - 9/12/96 Released - 9/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 10/9/96 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services | CCB FCC shall establish procedures for review of complaints concerning failures by BOCs to meet conditions required for approval to provide in-region interLATA services. (36-37)
FCC shall act on complaint w/in 90 days, unless parties otherwise agree. (37) | InterLATA Complaint | Procedures CC Docket 96-238 NPRM FCC 96-460 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 11/26/96 Released - 11/27/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/26/96 Comment Period Ended - 1/6/97 Reply Period Ended - 1/31/97 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services | CCB Accounting and other safeguards for cost allocations and separate subsidiaries. (38) | Accounting Safeguards
CC Docket 96-150 | NPRM FCC 96-309 Order FCC 96-490 Price Caps-Long Term Plan CC Docket 94-1 NPRM 9/95 Order FCC 97-159 NPRM - Interim Rules | Order - Final Rules Order | Adopted - 7/17/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 8/26/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/10/96 Adopted - 12/23/96 Released - 12/24/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 1/21/97 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/21/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/11/97 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services | CCB Limitations:
FCC shall ensure that services authorized by subsection (g) (Definition of incidental interLATA Service) by a BOC or its affiliate will not adversely affect telephone exchange service ratepayers or competition in any telecommunications market. (38) | Dialing Parity | CC Docket 96-98 NPRM FCC 96-182 Order FCC 96-333 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 4/19/96 Released - 4/19/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/20/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/3/96 Adopted - 8/8/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/6/96 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services | CCB FCC shall prescribe procedures to ensure separate affiliates maintain books, records, and accounts separate for those maintained by BOC of which it is an affiliate. (39)
FCC to designate or approve accounting principles for BOC transactions with an affiliate. (40) | Accounting Safeguards
CC Docket 96-150 | NPRM FCC 96-309 Order FCC 96-490 NPRM - Interim Rules | Order - Final Rules | Adopted - 7/17/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 8/26/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/10/96 Adopted - 12/23/96 Released - 12/24/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 1/21/97 13. BOC Entry into InterLATA Services | CCB | Non-accounting | safeguards governing BOC entry into InterLATA services CC Docket 96-149 NPRM FCC 96-308 Order FCC 96-489 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 7/17/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 8/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 8/30/96 Adopted - 12/23/96 Released - 12/24/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 1/21/97 14. Manufacturing by BOC | CCB FCC shall prescribe regulations to require each BOC to maintain and file with the FCC full and complete information with respect to the protocols and technical requirements for connection with and use of its telephone exchange service facilities. FCC to receive BOC report of material changes or planned changes to protocols and requirements, and schedule for implementation. (42)
FCC may prescribe such additional rules and regulations as necessary to ensure that manufacturers have access to information with respect to protocols and technical requirements for connection with and use of telephone exchange service facilities that BOC makes available to manufacturer. (42) | BOC Manufacturing | Protocols CC Docket 96-254 NPRM FCC 96-472 NPRM | Order 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 12/10/97 Released - 12/11/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 1/24/97 Comment Period Ended - 2/24/97 Reply Period Ended - 3/26/97 14. Manufacturing by BOC | OGC CCB ADR:
FCC, w/in 90 days, shall prescribe a dispute resolution process to be utilized when dispute resolution is not agreed upon by parties when establishing and publishing any industry-wide standard or generic requirement for telecommunications equipment or CPE. (45)
FCC shall establish penalties to be assessed for delays caused by referral of frivolous disputes to the dispute resolution process. (45) | ADR for | Manufacturing - Statutory Deadline - 5/8/96 GC Docket 96-42 NPRM FCC 96-87 R&O FCC 96-205 NPRM | R&O | Adopted - 3/5/96 Released - 3/5/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/1/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/1/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/11/96 Adopted - 5/7/96 Released - 5/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 5/17/96 14. Manufacturing by BOC | Sunset:
Requirements for manufacturing safeguards and standard setting entities shall terminate when FCC determines alternative sources of industry-wide standards or generic requirements, or product certification for particular class of telecommunications equipment or CPE are available in U.S. (45)
FCC shall act on any application for determination whether alternative sources of industry-wide standards exist w/in 90 days of receipt, and shall receive public comment on application. (45) | | | | 14. Manufacturing by BOC | CCB Additional Rules and Regulations:
FCC may prescribe additional rules and regulations it determines are necessary to carry out this section, and prevent discrimination and cross-subsidization in BOC dealings with affiliate and third parties. (47) | Accounting Safeguards
CC Docket 96-152 | NPRM FCC 96-310 Price Caps-Long Term Plan CC Docket 94-1 NPRM 9/95 Order FCC 97-159 NPRM - Interim Rules | Order - Final Rules 4th Quarter 1997 Order | Adopted - 7/17/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 8/26/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/10/96 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/21/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/11/97 15. Electronic Publishing by BOC | CCB FCC may prescribe regulations to prevent improper cross-subsidies. (48)
FCC to receive report of exceptions and corrective actions and allow inspection and copying subject to safeguards to protect proprietary information. (48)
In case of joint ventures with small, local electronic publishers, FCC may for good cause shown authorize BOC or affiliate to have larger equity interest, revenue share, or voting control, but not to exceed 80 percent. (49) | Accounting Safeguards
CC Docket 96-150 | NPRM FCC 96-309 Order FCC 96-490 Non-Accounting Safeguards -- BOC entry into electronic publishing CC Docket 96-152 NPRM FCC 96-310 Order FCC 97-35 Non-Accounting Safeguards -- BOC entry into alarm monitoring CC Docket 96-152 NPRM FCC 96-310 Order FCC 97-101 NPRM - Interim Rules | Order - Final Rules NPRM Order NPRM | Adopted - 7/18/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 9/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/20/96 Adopted - 12/23/96 Released - 12/24/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 1/21/97 Adopted - 7/18/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 9/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/20/96 Adopted - 2/6/97 Released - 2/7/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/20/97 Adopted - 7/18/96 Released - 7/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 9/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 9/20/96 15. Electronic Publishing by BOC (cont'd) | CCB | | Price Caps-Long Term Plan CC Docket 94-1 NPRM 9/95 Order FCC 97-159 Order | Order | Adopted - 3/21/97 Released - 3/25/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/4/97 Adopted - 5/7/97 Released - 5/21/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/11/97 16. Alarm Monitoring Services | CCB Note: Prohibits BOC entry into alarm monitoring for 5 years. Grandfathers any BOC that provided alarm services as of 11/30/95, provided that such BOC cannot acquire equity interest in or obtain financial control of unaffiliated alarm monitoring service after 11/30/95 and until 5 years after enactment. Does not prohibit an exchange of customers for customers of unaffiliated alarm monitoring service entity.
FCC shall establish procedures for receipt and review of complaints concerning violations of nondiscrimination provisions or the regulations thereunder that result in material financial harm to provider of alarm monitoring service. (52-53)
FCC procedures shall ensure FCC will make final determination on complaint w/in 120 days of receipt of complaint. (52)
Upon appropriate showing, FCC, w/in 60 days after receipt of complaint, shall order incumbent LEC and affiliates to cease violation pending final determination. (52-53) | Alarm Monitoring | Complaint Procedures CC Docket 96-238 NPRM FCC 96-460 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 11/26/96 Released - 11/27/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/26/96 Comment Period Ended - 1/6/97 Reply Period Ended - 1/31/97 16. Alarm Monitoring Services | CCB FCC, w/in 6 mos., to issue any rules necessary to enforce prohibition against LECs recording or using the occurrence or contents of calls received by alarm monitoring services. (53) | Data Safeguards | CC Docket 96-115 NPRM FCC 96-221 Order FCC 96-329 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 5/16/96 Released - 5/17/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/11/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/26/96 Adopted - 8/6/96 Released - 8/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/20/96 17. Pay Phone Services | CCB FCC shall, w/in 9 mos., prescribe regulations (including any reconsideration) that: (A) establish a per call compensation plan;
(B) discontinue carrier access charge, pay phone service elements and payments, and pay phone subsidies from basis exchange and exchange access revenues subsidies from revenues; (C) prescribe nonstructural safeguards; (D) provide BOC pay phone service providers same rights as independent pay phone providers to negotiate with location provider re: interLATA calls from their pay phone; and (E) provide all pay phone service providers right to negotiate with location providers re: intraLATA calls from their pay phones. (53-54)
FCC shall determine whether public interest pay phones should be maintained, and if so, ensure that such public interest pay phones are supported fairly and equitably. (54)
FCC's regulations shall preempt inconsistent state requirements. (54) | Pay Phone Proceeding | (Per Call) CC Docket 96-128 NPRM FCC 96-254 Order FCC 96-388 Recon. FCC 96-439 NPRM | Order Recon. Order | Adopted - 6/4/96 Released - 6/6/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/21/96 Comment Period Ended - 7/1/96 Reply Period Ended - 7/15/96 Adopted - 9/20/96 Released - 9/20/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 10/7/96 Adopted - 11/8/96 Released - 11/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/12/96 18. Broadcast Spectrum Flexibility | MMB OET [OPP] If FCC issues additional licenses for advanced television services, FCC: (1) should limit initial eligibility for such licenses to persons, as of date of such issuance, licensed to operate television broadcast station or hold a permit to construct such a station (or both) and (2) shall adopt regulations that allow licensees or permittees to offer such ancillary or supplementary services on designated frequencies as may be consistent with public interest, convenience, and necessity. (55)
FCC regulations shall: (1) only permit such licensee or permittee to offer ancillary or supplementary services if use of designated frequency for such services is consistent with technology or method designated by FCC for provision of advanced television service; (2) limit broadcasting of ancillary or supplementary services on designated frequencies to avoid derogation of advanced television services, including high definition television broadcasts, that FCC may require using such frequencies; (3) apply to any other ancillary or supplementary service such of the FCC's regulations as are applicable to the offering of analogous services by any other person; (4) adopt technical and other requirements necessary to assure signal quality, and may adopt regulations that stipulate the minimum number of hours per day that such signal must be transmitted; and (5) prescribe other regulations necessary for the protection of the public interest, convenience, and necessity. (55) | If FCC grants a license for ATV services to person licensed to operate TV broadcast station or holds permit to construct such a station (or both), FCC shall, as a condition oflicense, require the additional license or the original license be surrendered to FCC for reallocation or reassignment (or both) pursuant to FCC regulation. (55) DTV Standards | MM Docket 87-268 NPRM FCC 96-207 Order FCC 96-493 DTV Allotment NPRM MM Docket 87-268 NPRM FCC 96-317 Order FCC 97-115 NPRM | R&O NPRM R&O | Adopted - 5/9/96 Released - 5/20/96 Comment Period Ended - 7/11/96 Reply Period Ended - 8/12/96 Adopted - 12/24/96 Released - 12/27/96 Adopted - 7/25/96 Released - 8/14/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/21/96 Comment Period Ended - 11/22/96 Reply Period Ended - 1/24/97 Adopted - 4/3/97 Released - 4/21/97 18. Broadcast Spectrum Flexibility | MMB [OPP] If the regulations permit a licensee to offer ancillary or supplementary services on a designated frequency for which a subscription fee is required, or the licensee directly or indirectly receives compensation from a third party in return for transmitting material (other than commercial advertisements used to support broadcasting for which a subscription fee is not required), the FCC shall establish a program to assess and collect from the licensee an annual fee or method of payment that promotes the above objectives. (56)
Fee Collection Program shall: 1) recover for the public a portion of the value of the public spectrum resource made available for commercial use, and avoid unjust enrichment through the method employed to permit such uses of that resource; 2) recover for the public an amount that equals but does not exceed the amount that would have been recovered had such services been licensed pursuant to section 309(j) of this Act and the FCC's regulations; and 3) be adjusted by the FCC from time to time to comply with requirements. (56) | Fees for Ancillary | or Supplemental Services To Be Determined | | 18. Broadcast Spectrum Flexibility | MMB [OPP] Salaries and expense accounts of FCC shall retain as an offsetting collection sums necessary from proceeds for the costs of developing and implementing the program and regulating and supervising advanced television services. Such offsetting collections shall be deposited in accounts on a quarterly basis. (56-57)
FCC, w/in 5 years, to report to the Congress on implementation of the program, and annually thereafter advise the Congress on the amounts collected. (57)
FCC, w/in 10 years after FCC first issues additional licenses for ATV services, shall conduct evaluation of ATV services program. The evaluation shall include 1) an assessment of the willingness of consumers to purchase TV receivers necessary to receive advanced television services, 2) an assessment of alternative uses, including public safety use, of the frequencies used for such broadcasts, and 3) the extent to which the FCC has been or will be able to reduce the amount of spectrum assigned to licensees. (57) | Fee for Ancillary or | Supplementary Services To Be Determined | | 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB FCC shall modify 47 C.F.R. 73.3555 to eliminate any provisions limiting the number of AM or FM broadcast stations which can be owned or controlled by any one entity nationally. (57-58)
Local Radio Diversity:
FCC shall revise 47 C.F.R. 73.3555 to provide an entity to own/operate/control up to:
- 8 commercial stations in radio market w/45 or more commercial radio stations not more than 5 can be in same service, (AM or FM);
- 7 commercial stations in radio markets w/30 to 44 (inclusive) commercial stations not more than 4 can be in same service, (AM or FM);
- 6 commercial stations in radio market 15-29 (inclusive) commercial stations not more than 4 can be in same service, (AM or FM); and
- 5 commercial stations in radio market w/14 or fewer commercial stations not more than 3 can be in same service, (AM or FM); except a party may not own more than 50% of stations in market. (57-58) | Radio Ownership | Order FCC 96-90 Order | | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/15/96 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB FCC may permit an entity to own/operate/control or have cognizable interest in radio stations if FCC determines ownership, operation, control, or interest will increase the number of radio broadcast stations in operation. (58) | Local Radio Ownership | | | 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB National TV Ownership Limitation:
FCC shall modify multiple ownership rules (47 C.F.R. 73.3555) to eliminate restrictions on number of TV stations a person may own/operate/control, or have cognizable interest in, nationwide; and increase national audience reach limitation for TV stations to 35 percent. (58) | TV Ownership/ | National Limit Order FCC 96-91 Order | | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/15/96 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB Local TV Ownership Limitation:
FCC shall conduct rulemaking to determine whether to retain, modify, or eliminate limits on number of TV stations a person may own/operate/control or have cognizable interest in, within same TV market. (58) | TV Ownership/Local | Limit MM Docket 91-221 MM Docket 97-8 FNPRM FCC 96-438 FNPRM | Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 11/5/96 Released - 11/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/19/96 Comment Period Ended - 2/7/97 Reply Period Ended - 3/21/97 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB Relaxation of One-to-a-Market: FCC shall extend its waiver policy (one-to-a-market ownership - 73.3555) to any of the top 50 markets. (58) | TV Ownership/Relax | One-to-a-Market MM Docket 91-221 MM Docket 97-8 FNPRM FCC 96-438 FNPRM | Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 11/5/96 Released - 11/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/19/96 Comment Period Ended - 2/7/97 Reply Period Ended - 3/21/97 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB Dual Network:
FCC shall revise 47 C.F.R. 73.658(g) to permit a TV broadcast station to affiliate with a person or entity that maintains 2 or more networks of TV broadcast stations unless such dual or multiple networks are composed of: (1) 2 or more persons or entities that, on date of enactment are "networks" as defined in section 47 C.F.R. 73.3613(a)(1); or (2) any network described in paragraph (1) and an English-language program distribution service that, on such date, provides 4 or more hours of programming per week on a national basis pursuant to network affiliation arrangements with local TV broadcast stations in markets reaching more than 75 percent of TV homes (as measured by a national ratings). (58) | TV Ownership/Dual | Network Order FCC 96-91 Order | | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/15/96 19. Broadcast Ownership | CSB [MMB] Cable Cross Ownership:
FCC shall revise 47 C.F.R. 76.501 to permit a person to own or control a network of a broadcasting stations and a cable system. FCC shall revise regulations if necessary to ensure carriage, channel positioning, and nondiscriminatory treatment of nonaffiliated broadcast stations. (58-59) | TV Network-Cable | Cross Ownership CS Docket 96-56 Order FCC 96-112 Order | | Adopted - 3/15/96 Released - 3/18/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/22/96 19. Broadcast Ownership | MMB FCC shall review rules adopted pursuant to section and all of its ownership rules biennially as part of regulatory reform review and shall determine whether any rules are necessary in public interest as result of competition. If not, FCC to repeal or modify such regulations. (59) | Biennial Review | | | 19. Broadcast Ownership | CSB [MMB] Cable/MDS Cross Ownership: FCC shall not apply cable/MDS cross-ownership provision where the cable operator is subject to effective competition as defined by 623(l). (59) | Cable/MDS | Cross-Ownership CS Docket 96-56 Order FCC 96-112 Order | | Adopted - 3/15/96 Released - 3/18/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/22/96 19. Broadcast Ownership | CSB MMB Eliminate statutory prohibition on cable-station cross-ownership. (59) | TV Ownership/Cable | Cross-Ownership To Be Determined | | 20. Terms of Broadcast Licenses | MMB FCC shall grant each license for the operation of a broadcasting station for a term not to exceed 8 years. FCC may grant renewal from time to time for a term of not to exceed 8 years from the date of expiration of the preceding license, if the FCC finds that public interest, convenience, and necessity would be served. FCC may by rule prescribe the period or period of time which licenses shall be granted and renewed for particular classes of stations, but FCC may not adopt or follow any rules which would preclude FCC, in case involving station of a particular class, from granting or renewing license for shorter period, if in FCC judgment, public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by such action. (59) | Broadcast License | Terms MM Docket 96-90 NPRM FCC 96-169 Order FCC 97-17 NPRM | R&O | Adopted - 4/11/96 Released - 4/12/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/20/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/4/96 Adopted - 1/23/97 Released - 1/24/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/5/97 20. Terms of Broadcast Licenses | MMB FCC shall not require a renewal applicant to file any information already furnished to FCC but may require new or additional facts FCC deems necessary to make findings. (60)
FCC shall, pending hearing and final decision on renewal application and disposition of any petition for rehearing, continue such license in effect. (60) | Self Effectuating by | Statute | | 21. Broadcast License Renewals | MMB (Note: Following amendment applies to applications filed after 5/1/95) FCC shall grant renewal application if FCC finds that during preceding term of license station has served the public interest, convenience, and necessity; there have been no serious violations by licensee of Act or FCC rules and regulations; and no other violations which would constitute a pattern of abuse. (60) | Comparative Renewal | Reform Order FCC 96-172 Order | | Adopted - 4/12/96 Released - 4/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/25/96 21. Broadcast License Renewals | MMB (Note: Following amendment applies to applications filed after 5/1/95) Applicants for renewal of TV license shall attach as exhibit summary of written comments and suggestions received from public and maintained by licensee (in accordance with FCC procedures) that comment on applicant's programming characterized as violent programming. (61) | Self Effectuating by | Statute | | 22. Over-the-Air Reception Devices | CSB IB FCC, w/in 180 days, pursuant to section 303, shall promulgate regulations to prohibit restrictions that inhibit a viewer's ability to receive video programming services through signal receiving devices designed for off-the-air reception of television broadcast signals, multichannel multipoint distribution service, or direct broadcast satellite services. (61) | Preemption of Local | Zoning Regulation of Satellite Earth Stations IB Docket 95-59 NPRM FCC 96-78 Order FCC 96-328 Other Over-the-Air Reception Devices CS Docket 96-83 NPRM FCC 96-151 Order FCC 96-328 NPRM | Order NPRM Order | Adopted - 2/29/96 Released - 3/11/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/6/96 Adopted - 8/5/96 Released - 8/6/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/4/96 Adopted - 4/2/96 Released - 4/4/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/18/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/6/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/21/96 Adopted - 8/5/96 Released - 8/6/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/4/96 23. Cable Reform | CSB FCC shall review FA complaint concerning rate increase for CPS and issue final order w/in 90 days after receipt unless parties extend period of review. (FA can only file if subscribers file complaints w/in 90 days of increase.) (62) Sunset: March 31, 1999. | -602(7): Definition of cable system substitutes "a facility that services subscribers using a public right of way" for "a facility that serves only subscribers in 1 or more MDUs under common ownership...unless such facility...uses any public right of way." FCC procedures to provide for resolution of complaints from a "franchise authority" rather than subscribers, FA or other entities. (62) Uniform rate structure not to apply to cable operator provider subject to effective competition, or video programming offered on per channel or per program basis. (62-63) MDU bulk discounts not subject to uniform rate requirements but cannot charge predatory prices to MDUs. (62-63) Uniform rate complaints required to make prima facie showing that discounted prices is predatory; cable system to show discount is not predatory. (62-63) Amends definition of effective competition to include LEC offering comparable video programming to subscribers in unaffiliated cable operator's franchise area. (Excludes DBS). (63) Exempts small cable operators (w/respect to CPS or basic service tier that was the only tier subject to regulation on 12/31/94) in franchise area of 50,000 ooor less subscribers. (63) Small Cable operator: serves in aggregate less then 1% of U.S. subscribers and not affiliated with any entity whose gross annual revenues exceed $250 million. (63) Cable Reform | CS Docket 96-85 NPRM FCC 96-154 NPRM | Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 4/5/96 Released - 4/9/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/30/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/28/96 23. Cable Reform | CSB FCC, in determining broadcast station market, shall use commercial publications that delineate television markets based on viewing patterns. FCC shall make market determinations w/in 120 days after filed. (63) | Market Definition | CS Docket 95-178 NPRM 12/95 Order FCC 96-197 NPRM | Order | Comment Period Ended - 2/5/96 Reply Period Ended - 2/26/96 Adopted - 4/25/96 Released - 5/24/96 23. Cable Reform | CSB Adds finding regarding cable equipment compatibility that compatibility among televisions, video cassette recorders, and cable systems can be assured with narrow technical standards that mandate a minimum degree of common design and operation, leaving all features, functions, protocols, and other product and service options for selection through open competition in the market. (64)
Requires FCC regulations to ensure that any standards or regulations to ensure compatibility between televisions, video cassette recorders, and cable systems do not affect features, functions, protocols and other product and service options, including telecommunications interface equipment, home automation communications, and computer network services. (64)
Subscriber notice may be by any reasonable written means. No advance notice required for rate change imposed by federal agency or franchise authority. (64-65)
Program access provisions to apply common carriers providing video programming. (65)
Prior year losses incurred prior to 9/4/92 shall not be disallowed. Applies to rate proposal on or after 9/4/93 upon which no action is taken by 12/1/95. (65) | | | | 23. Cable Reform | CSB FCC, w/in 120 days, shall issue revisions to appropriate rules and forms to permit aggregation of equipment costs into broad categories; excludes equipment used by subscribers who only receive rate regulated basic tier. (65) | Cable Equipment | Averaging CS Docket 96-57 NPRM FCC 96-117 Order FCC 96-257 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 3/18/96 Released - 3/20/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/28/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/12/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/22/96 Adopted - 6/6/96 Released - 6/7/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/25/96 24. Open Video System | CSB Prohibition on Cable-Telco Buy Outs: A common carrier shall not be required to obtain a certification under Section 214 with respect to system for delivery of video programming. (67) | Eliminating Section | 214 Rules CS Docket 96-46 Order FCC 96-99 Order | | Adopted - 3/11/96 Released - 3/11/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/14/96 24. Open Video System | CSB FCC may waive buy out limitation only if it determines that because of the nature of the market served the incumbent cable operator or LEC would be subjected to undue economic distress by the enforcement of the limitation; the system or facilities would not be economically viable if such provisions were enforced; or the anticompetitive effects of the transaction are clearly outweighed in the public interest by the probable effect of the transaction in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served; and the local franchising authority approves of such waiver. (68-69) | | | | 24. Open Video System | CSB FCC to determine the extent to which a LEC may obtain use of cable system's transmission facilities extending from the last multi-user terminal to the premises of the end user. (67-68) | Cable Drops | CS Docket 96-85 NPRM FCC 96-154 NPRM | Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 4/5/96 Released - 4/9/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/4/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/28/96 24. Open Video System | CSB W/in 6 months, FCC shall complete all actions (including any reconsideration) necessary to prescribe regulations to govern operation of open video systems. (70)
FCC to certify that open video system operator complies with FCC regulations before carrier can qualify for reduced regulatory burdens. (69)
FCC shall approve or disapprove certification w/in 10 days after receipt. (69)
FCC authorized to resolve disputes concerning open video systems. Disputes to be resolved w/in 180 days after notice submitted to FCC. FCC may in case of violation require carriage, award damages to any person denied carriage, or any combination of sanctions. (69)
Fees on operator of open video system not to exceed rate which franchise fees are imposed on cable operator transmitting video programming in franchise area, as prescribed by FCC regulations. (71)
Requirements of open video systems shall apply in lieu of the requirements of title II. | (71) Open Video Systems | CS Docket 96-46 NPRM FCC 96-99 Order FCC 96-249 Recon. FCC 96-334 Open Video Systems/VDT Recon. FCC 96-312 NPRM | Order Recon. Order Recon. Order | Adopted - 3/11/96 Released - 3/11/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/14/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/1/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/11/96 Adopted - 5/31/96 Released - 6/3/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/5/96 Adopted - 8/7/96 Released - 8/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/21/96 Adopted - 7/22/96 Released - 7/23/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/5/96 24. Open Video System | CSB [CCB] FCC regulations and policies on video dialtone requirements in CC Docket No. 87-266 shall cease to be effective on date of enactment. (72) | Responsible | Accounting Officer (RAO) 25; VDT Reporting Requirements Order FCC 96-99 Repeal of Existing Video Dialtone Rules CS Docket 96-46 Order | | Adopted - 3/11/96 Released - 3/11/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/14/96 24. Open Video System | CCB | Cost Allocation | Procedures CC Docket 96-112 NPRM FCC 96-214 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 5/10/96 Released - 5/10/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/31/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/12/96 25. Competitive Availability of Navigation Devices | CSB [OET] [IB] FCC shall, in consultation with appropriate industry standard-setting organizations, adopt regulations to assure commercial availability to consumers of multichannel video programming and other services offered over multichannel video programming systems, of converter boxes, interactive communications equipment, and other equipment used by consumers to access multichannel video programming and other services offered over multichannel video programming systems, from manufacturers, retailers, and other vendors not affiliated with any multichannel video programming distributors. (73)
FCC regulations shall not prohibit any MVPD from also offering converter boxes, interactive communications equipment, and other equipment used by consumers to access multichannel video programming and other services offered over multichannel video programming systems, to consumers, if the system operator's charges to consumers for such devices and equipment are separately stated and not subsidized by charges for any such service. (73) | FCC shall not prescribe regulations which would jeopardize security of multichannel video programming and other services offered by multichannel video programming systems, or impede the legal rights of a provider to prevent theft. (73) FCC, within 90 days of application, shall waive regulation adopted for limited time upon showing by provider that waiver is necessary to assist the development or introduction of a new or improved multichannel video programming, service, technology, or products. (73) (Note: Such waiver shall be effective for all service providers and products in that category and for all providers of services and products.) Wiring NPRM 1/96 | CS Docket 95-184 Competitive Navigation Devices CS Docket 97-80 NPRM FCC 97-53 | NPRM Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 2/11/97 Released - 2/20/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/5/97 Comment Period Ended - 5/16/97 25. Competitive Availability of Navigation Devices | Sunset: FCC regulations sunset when FCC determines (1) market for MVPDs is fully competitive; (2) market for converter boxes, and interactive communications equipment, used in conjunction with that service is fully competitive; and (3) elimination of regulations would promote competition and public interest. (74) | | | | 26. Video Programming Accessibility | CSB [MMB] [DTF] FCC shall, w/in 180 days, complete inquiry to ascertain level at which video programming is closed captioned. Inquiry shall examine extent to which existing or previously published programming is closed captioned, size of the video programming provider or programming owner, size of the market served, relative audience shares achieved, or any other related factors. (FCC to submit to Congress report on results of the inquiry). (74) | FCC, w/in 18 mos, to prescribe regulations necessary to implement section. Regulations shall ensure video programming first published or exhibited after the effective date is fully accessible through closed captions, except as provided; and video programming providers or owners maximize the accessibility of video programming first published or exhibited prior to the effective date of such regulations through provision of closed captions, except as provided. (74) Video Programming | Accessibility (Hearing Impaired) MM Docket 95-176 Further Comment Order DA 96-53 Report FCC 96-318 NPRM FCC 97-4 R&O FCC 97-279 Order 97-279 Order Seeking Further | Comment on NOI in MM Docket No. 95-176 Report NPRM Order | Adopted - 2/27/96 Comment Period Ended - 3/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/1/96 Adopted - 7/25/96 Released - 7/29/96 Adopted - 1/9/97 Released - 1/17/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/3/97 Comment Period Ended - 2/28/97 Reply Period Ended - 3/31/97 Adopted - 8/7/97 Released - 8/22/97 26. Video Programming Accessibility | CSB [MMB] [DTF] FCC regulations to include a schedule of deadlines for the provision of closed captioning. (74)
FCC, w/in 6 mos., shall commence an inquiry to examine the use of video descriptions on video programming to ensure the accessibility of video programming to persons with visual impairments, and report the findings to Congress. FCC shall assess appropriate methods and schedules for phasing video descriptions into the marketplace, technical and quality standards for video descriptions, a definition of programming for which video descriptions would apply, and other technical and legal issues the FCC deems appropriate. (75)
FCC shall have exclusive jurisdiction over complaints. (75) | Video Programming | (Sight Impaired) MM Docket 95-176 Further Comment Order DA 96-53 Report FCC 96-318 Order Seeking Further | Comment on NOI in MM Docket No. 95-176, March 1996 Report | Adopted - 2/27/96 Released - 2/27/96 Comment Period Ended - 3/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 4/1/96 Adopted - 7/25/96 Released - 7/29/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Biennial Review | CCB FCC shall, with respect to hearings under section 204(a), issue an order concluding such hearing w/in 5 mos. after the date a charge, classification, regulations, or practices subject to a hearing becomes effective. (77)
FCC to receive LEC filings for new or revised charges, classification, regulation, or practice on streamlined basis. LEC filings shall be deemed lawful and effective 7 days (in case of rate reduction) or 15 days (in case of rate increase) after the date filed with the FCC unless the FCC takes appropriate action before the end of the 7- or 15-day period. (one year after enactment) (77) | Tariff Procedures | CC Docket 96-187 NPRM FCC 96-367 Order FCC 97-23 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 8/30/96 Released - 9/6/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/24/96 Comment Period Ended - 10/9/96 Reply Period Ended - 10/24/96 Adopted - 1/29/97 Released - 1/31/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/7/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Biennial Review | CCB FCC shall, with respect to investigation of complaints under section 208(b), conclude such investigation w/in 5 mos. after complaint is filed. (one year after enactment) (77) | Complaint Procedures | CC Docket 96-238 NPRM FCC 96-460 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 11/26/96 Released - 11/27/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 12/26/97 Comment Period Ended - 1/6/97 Reply Period Ended - 1/31/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Biennial Review | CCB FCC shall permit common carriers to be exempt from section 214 requirements for the extension of any line. (77) | Section 214 | Proceeding CC Docket 97-11 NPRM FCC 97-6 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 1/9/97 Released - 1/13/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 2/3/97 Comment Period Ended - 2/24/97 Reply Period Ended - 3/17/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Biennial Review | CCB FCC shall permit any common carrier to file cost allocation manuals and ARMIS reports annually if required. (77) | Accounting Reports | CC Docket 96-193 NPRM/Order FCC 96-370 Order FCC 97-145 NPRM and Order | Order | Adopted - 9/4/96 Released - 9/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/25/96 Comment Period Ended - 10/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 11/5/96 Adopted - 4/22/97 Released - 5/20/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 7/24/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Biennial Review | CCB Classification of Carriers:
In classifying carriers and establishing reporting requirements for carriers and their affiliates, FCC shall adjust the revenue requirements to account for inflation as of the release date of the Report and Order in CC Docket 91-141 and annually thereafter. (enactment and annually thereafter) (78) | Accounting Reports | CC Docket 96-193 NPRM/Order FCC 96-370 Order 97-145 NPRM and Order | Order | Adopted - 9/4/96 Released - 9/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/25/96 Comment Period Ended - 10/15/96 Reply Period Ended - 11/5/96 Adopted - 4/22/97 Released - 5/20/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 7/24/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | CCB Repeal Setting of Depreciation Rates: Changes Section 220(b) from "shall prescribe" to "may prescribe" depreciation rates. (78) | Depreciation | | | 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | WTB Modification of Amateur Radio Examination Procedures: Eliminates ban on volunteer examiners publishing examination materials. (78) | Streamlining of | Amateur Rules Order FCC 96-74 Order | | Adopted - 2/28/96 Released - 2/28/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/12/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | MMB Expediting ITFS Processing: Delegates to the staff the authorization to resolve mutually exclusive ITFS applications. (78-79) | ITFS Delegation | Order FCC 96-92 Order | | Adopted - 3/8/96 Released - 3/8/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/15/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | OET Delegation of Equipment Testing and Certification to Private Labs: FCC may authorize use of private organizations for testing and certifying the compliance of devices or home electronic equipment and systems pursuant to Section 302; accept as prima facie evidence of compliance the certification; and establish appropriate qualifications and standards as it deems appropriate for such private organizations, testing, and certification. (79) | Digital Equipment | Deregulation ET Docket 95-19 Order FCC 96-208 Order | | Adopted - 5/9/96 Released - 5/14/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/19/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | WTB [CIB] Permit Operation of Domestic Ship and Aircraft Radios Without License: If FCC determines authorization pursuant to section 307(e) serves the public, interest, convenience, and necessity, FCC may by rule authorize the operation of radio stations without individual licenses in the following services: 1) citizen band, 2) radio control, 3) aviation radio for aircraft radios on domestic flights, and 4) maritime radio for ship stations navigated on domestic voyages. (79) | Delicensing | WT Docket 96-82 NPRM FCC 96-145 Order FCC 96-421 NPRM | Order | Adopted - 4/1/96 Released - 4/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/24/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/10/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/20/96 Adopted - 10/18/96 Released - 10/25/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | MMB Limitation on Silent Station Authorization: Section 312 is amended to provide that if a broadcast station fails to transmit signals for any consecutive 12-month period, the FCC license expires at the end of that period. (80) | Silent Station | Expiration Order FCC 96-218 Order | | Adopted - 5/14/96 Released - 5/17/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 6/6/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | MMB Modification of Construction Permit Requirement: Pursuant to section 319(d) is amended to provide that the FCC shall not have authority to waive the requirement for a construction permit for a broadcast station, but may by regulation determine that a permit shall not be required for minor changes. FCC shall not waive the requirement for a construction permit for nonbroadcast facilities unless it determines that the public, interest, convenience, and necessity would be served. (80) | Construction Permits | MM Docket 96-58 NPRM FCC 96-118 R&O FCC 97-290 NPRM | R&O | Adopted - 3/19/96 Released - 3/21/96 Comment Period Ended - 5/17/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/17/96 Adopted - 8/14/97 Released - 8/22/97 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | CIB Conduct of Inspections/Inspection By other Entities: Pursuant to section 362(b), every ship subject to this part shall have equipment apparatus prescribed and inspected at least once each year. FCC may waive the annual inspection up to 90 days to enable vessel to complete its voyage and proceed to a U.S. port for inspection and for vessels in compliance with the Safety Convention and operating in waters beyond U.S. jurisdiction, within 30 days of its return to the U.S. Pursuant to section 385, FCC may enter into contracts with any person to carry out inspections and certifying compliance, and allow such persons to accept reimbursement from the license holder for travel and expense costs. (80-81) | Privatization of | Ship Inspections CI Docket 95-55 NPRM FCC 96-194 NOI | NPRM Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 4/25/95 Released - 5/16/95 Comment Period Ended - 7/18/95 Reply Period Ended - 8/17/95 Adopted - 4/25/96 Released - 4/26/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 5/9/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/24/96 Reply Period Ended - 7/15/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | WTB [CIB] Automated Ship Distress and Safety Systems: Permits ships with automated equipment to sail without telegraph operator capability. (61) | GMDSS | Order FCC 96-165 Order | Recon. Order 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 4/5/96 Released - 4/12/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 5/2/96 27. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | WTB Expedited Licensing for Fixed Microwave Service: Eliminates 30 day notice requirement. (79-80) | Delete Public Notice | Requirement WT Docket 94-148 Order FCC 96-51 Order | Recon. Order 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 2/8/96 Released - 2/29/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 5/28/96 28. Obscene or Harassing Use of Telecom. Facilities | CCB [OGC] Pursuant to section 223, FCC may describe measures which are reasonable, effective, and appropriate to restrict access to prohibited communications. (83)
FCC shall have no enforcement authority over the failure to utilize such measures. FCC shall not endorse specific products relating to such measures. (83) | Section 223 Measures | NOI 3rd Quarter 1996 - | On Hold Pending Court Decision Policy Statement 1st Quarter 1997 - On Hold Pending Court Decision | 29. Scrambling of Sexually Explicit Adult Video Service Programming | CSB [MMB] [OGC] Section effective 30 days after enactment. FCC to determine hours of the day when a significant number of children are likely to view sexually explicit adult programming or other programming that is indecent and harmful to children on any channel primarily dedicated to sexually orientated programming. (84-85) | Scrambling of | Sexually Explicit Programming CS Docket 96-40 NPRM FCC 96-84 NPRM | Order To Be Determined | Adopted - 3/4/96 Released - 3/5/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 3/7/96 Comment Period Ended - 4/26/96 Reply Period Ended - 5/24/96 30. Parental Choice in TV Programming "V-Chip" | CSB If after 1 year, FCC determines in consultation with public individuals and private sector that distributors of video programming have not established voluntary rules for rating programming that are acceptable to the FCC and agreed voluntarily to broadcast signals containing such ratings, the FCC shall establish an advisory committee pursuant to Sec. 551(b)(2). (90)
-In that event, FCC on basis of advisory committee's recommendations shall prescribe guidelines and recommended procedures for the identification and rating of video programming that contains sexual, violent, or other indecent material which parents should be informed before it is displayed to children; and, with respect to video programming that has been rated, and in consultation with the TV industry, rules requiring distributors of such video programming to transmit such rating to permit parents to block the display of programming inappropriate for children. (89)
FCC shall ensure that the advisory committee is composed of parents, TV broadcasters, TV producers, cable operators, public interest groups, private sector and balanced in terms of political affiliation, points of view presented, and functions performed by the committee; provide necessary staff and resources; and require the committee to submit final report on recommendations w/in 1 year after the appoint of the initial member. (89) | V-Chip - Program | Rating System CS Docket 97-55 PNot. FCC 97-34 PNot. FCC 97-321 Public Notice - Revised | Proposal | Released - 9/9/97 30. Parental Choice in TV Programming "V-Chip" | OET OGC [MMB] [CSB] FCC shall require TV receivers shipped in interstate commerce or manufactured in U.S. and that have 13" or greater picture screen be equipped with feature to block display of all programs with common rating, except as otherwise provided by section 330(c)(4). (89)
FCC rules shall provide for FCC oversight of the adoption of standards by industry for blocking technology. (90)
FCC shall take appropriate action to ensure blocking service continues to be available to consumers. If alternative blocking technology exist that meets certain specifications, FCC shall amend rules to require apparatus be equipped with blocking technology or alternative blocking technology. (90-91) | FCC shall, after consultation with TV manufacturing industry, specify effective date for applicability of the requirement. Such date shall not be less than 2 years after enacement. (90) V-Chip Blocking | Technology ET Docket 97-206 NPRM FCC 97-340 NPRM | | Adopted - 9/25/97 Released - 9/26/97 31. Effect on Other Laws | WTB Section 601(d). A BOC or any other company may jointly market and sell commercial mobile services in conjunction with telephone exchange service, exchange access, intraLATA telecommunications service, interLATA telecommunications service, and information services. (92) | LEC-CMRS Safeguards | Remand in Gen. Docket 90-314 and Reconsideration in Gen. Docket 93-252 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 7/25/96 Released - 8/13/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/3/96 Comment Period Ended - 10/3/96 Reply Period Ended - 10/24/96 32. Unfair Billing Practices for Information or Services Provided Over Toll-Free Telephone Calls | CCB FCC, w/in 180 days, shall revise its regulations to comply with the unfair billing amendments set forth in paragraph (1) of section 228(c) (as amended). (96)
Notwithstanding subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 228(i)(1), the FCC by rule may, extend the definition of "pay-per-call services" to other similar services providing audio information or audio entertainment if the FCC determines such services are susceptible to unfair and deceptive practices that are prohibited. (96) | Unfair Billing | Practices (pay-per-call) CC Docket 96-146 Order FCC 96-289 Order | | Adopted - 6/28/96 Released - 7/11/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 7/26/96 33. Privacy of Customer Information | CCB Act establishes new requirements applicable to customer information obtained by telecommunications carriers. (96-98) | CPNI | CC Docket 96-115 NPRM FCC 96-221 NPRM | Order 4th Quarter 1997 | Adopted - 5/16/96 Released - 5/17/96 Comment Period Ended - 6/11/96 Reply Period Ended - 6/26/96 34. Pole Attachments | CSB FCC shall, w/in 2 years, prescribe regulations (in accordance with the Act) to govern the charges for pole attachments used by telecommunications carriers to provide telecommunications services when the parties fail to resolve disputes over charges. FCC regulations shall ensure that a utility charges just and reasonable and nondiscriminatory rates for pole attachments. (99)
FCC regulations shall become effective 5 years after enactment. Any increase for rates that result from the adoption of regulations shall be phased in equal annual increments over 5-year period. (99) | Pole Attachments | CS Docket 97-151 NPRM FCC 97-234 NPRM | Order 1st Quarter 1998 | Adopted - 7/1/97 Released - 8/12/97 34. Pole Attachments | CSB Amends definitions in section 224(a) which expanded the scope of section 224 to include telecommunications carriers, to ensure their access to poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way. (98-99) | Section 224 | CS Docket 96-166 Order FCC 96-327 MO&O FCC 97-173 Order | MO&O | Adopted - 8/2/96 Released - 8/6/96 Adopted - 5/20/97 Released - 5/22/97 35. Facilities Siting; Radio Frequency Emission Standards | OET FCC shall, w/in 180 days, complete action in ET Docket 93-62 to prescribe and make effective rules regarding the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions. (101) | RF Emissions Effects | ET Docket 93-62 R&O FCC 96-326 1st MO&O FCC 96-487 2nd MO&O FCC 97-303 R&O | 1st MO&O 2nd MO&O | Adopted - 8/1/96 Released - 8/1/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 8/6/96 Adopted - 12/23/96 Released - 12/24/96 Adopted - 8/25/97 Released - 8/25/97 Published Fed. Reg. - 9/12/97 36. Mobile Services Direct Access to Long Distance Carriers | WTB If FCC determines a subscriber to a commercial mobile service is denied access to a provider of telephone toll service of the subscriber's choice, and such denial is contrary to public interest, the FCC shall prescribe regulations to afford subscribers unblocked access though the use of a carrier identification code. The FCC shall not apply the requirement to mobile satellite services unless it is in the public interest to apply such requirements to such services. (101-102) | CMRS Unblocking | Proceeding WT Docket 94-54 Order FCC 96-126 Order Terminating Equal | Access Proceeding | Adopted - 3/21/96 Released - 3/22/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 4/9/96 37. Advanced Telecom. Incentives | CCB IB CSB OPP WTB FCC (and each state commission) shall encourage the deployment on a reasonable and timely basis of advanced telecommunications capability to all Americans (including elementary and secondary schools and classrooms) by utilizing, in a manner consistent with public interest, convenience, and necessity, price cap regulation, regulatory forbearance, measures that promote competition in local telecommunications market, or other regulating methods that remove barriers to infrastructure investment. (102)
FCC shall, w/in 30 mos., and regularly thereafter, initiate an NOI concerning the availability of advanced telecommunications capabilities and shall complete the inquiry w/in 180 days after initiation. (102) | Advanced Services | To Be Determined | | 38. Telecom Development Fund | OCBO OGC WTB FCC shall deposit competitive bidding deposits in an interest bearing account at a financial institution designated by the FCC (after consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury). Within 45 days after the conclusion of the competitive bidding the deposits of successful bidders shall be paid to the Treasury; the deposits of unsuccessful bidders shall be returned to such bidders; and the interest accrued to the account shall be transferred to the Telecommunications Development Fund. (102-103) | Deposits in Interest | Bearing Account Interest Earned from | Auction Up-Front Payment Deposits: $21.5 Million | Transferred - 10/10/97 38. Telecom Development Fund | OCBO OGC WTB FCC Chairman shall appoint to fund 7-person Board of Directors: 4 directors from private sector; 3 from FCC, Small Business Administration, and Department of Treasury. (103-104) | Letter From Chairman | Appointing Directors Public Notice - | Nomination Appoint Remaining Directors | Released - 2/13/96 Released - 2/23/96 Pri. Sector Appointed - 10/1/96 Pub. Sector Appointed - 11/20/96 38. Telecom Development Fund | OCBO OGC WTB FCC Chairman to appoint private sector representative to serve as chairman of the Fund w/in 30 days. (103) | Letter from Chairman | Appointing Development Fund Chairman Letter from Chairman | | Interim Chairman Appointed - 3/8/96 Chairman Appointed - 7/23/97 1. Removal of Barriers to Entry | IB CCB CSB WTB Following notice and comment, FCC shall preempt enforcement of state or local government statute, regulation, or legal requirement that violates the removal of barrier to entry provisions. (16)
| | | | 2. BOC Entry Into InterLATA Services | CCB FCC, shall w/in 90 days after receiving application, issue written determination approving or denying BOC applications for in-region interLATA services. (On or after enactment) (36) | | | | 2. BOC Entry Into InterLATA Services | CCB [OGC] FCC shall notify Attorney General (AG) of applications, consult with AG, give substantial weight to AG's evaluation (no preclusive effect on FCC decision). (35-36) | | | | 2. BOC Entry Into InterLATA Services | CCB FCC shall consult with state commission of any state subject of application. (36) | FCC may not limit or extend competitive checklist. (36) FCC shall w/in 10 days of issuance, publish brief description of determination in the Federal Register. (36) FCC may, after notice and opportunity for hearing, issue order to correct deficiency; impose penalty, or suspend or revoke approval when FCC determines BOC has ceased to meet any conditions required for approval of application. (36) | | | 2. BOC Entry Into InterLATA Services | CCB FCC shall establish procedures for review of complaints concerning failures by BOC to meet conditions required for approval. (36-37) | FCC shall act on complaint w/in 90 days, unless parties otherwise agree. (37) FCC shall ensure incidental services authorized by BOC will not adversely affect telephone exchange service ratepayers or competition in any telecommunications market. (38) | | | 3. Separate Affiliate; Safeguards | CCB BOC's required to provide through separate affiliate manufacturing services, in-region originating interLATA services (other than incidental and previously authorized) and interLATA information services (other than electronic publishing and alarm monitoring). (39) | | | | 3. Separate Affiliate; Safeguards | CCB FCC shall receive biennial federal-state audits determining whether BOC has complied with section and regulations. FCC shall have access to financial accounts and record of each company and affiliates relevant to permitted activities and necessary for regulation of rates. FCC shall have access to working papers and supporting materials. (40) | Sunset: FCC, by rule or order, may extend 3-year sunset with respect to the manufacturing activities of interLATA services of a BOC. (41) FCC, by rule or order, may extend 4-year sunset with respect to interLATA information service of a BOC. (41) | | | 4. Electronic Publishing by BOC | CCB W/in 1 year, electronic publishing service offered by BOC to comply with following requirements:
-FCC to receive written contracts or tariffs filed by separated affiliates or joint venture and the BOC with which it is affiliated. (47)
-FCC may receive complaint concerning any act or practice of BOC, affiliate, or separated affiliate that violates section. (49)
-FCC may receive application for order to cease and desist violation. (49-50) | | | | 5. Direct Broadcast Satellite Service | IB CSB Grants FCC exclusive jurisdiction to regulate the provision of direct-to-home satellite services. (61) | Licensing | Other | | 6. Video Programming Services by Telco | CCB CSB Common carriers providing video programming may elect to provide that programming by means of an open video system. If FCC approves a carrier"s certification under Section 653 (open video systems), the carrier will be subject to the requirements of this part but shall be subject to only Parts I through IV of title VI as provide in Section 653. (66) | | | | 7. Regulatory Reform: Forbearance | CCB WTB FCC shall forbear from applying regulations or provisions in 1934 Act to a telecommunications carrier or service, or to class of telecom carrier or services in any or some geographic area if FCC determines: (1) enforcement is not necessary to ensure that the changes, practices, classifications, or regulations in connection with the carrier or service are reasonable and not unjustly or unreasonably discriminatory; (2) enforcement is not necessary to protect consumers or the preservation and advancement of universal service; and (3) forbearance is consistent with the public interest. (76)
FCC to receive petitions requesting FCC to exercise forbearance authority; deemed granted if FCC does not deny in 1 year, unless 1-year period extended by FCC. (76)
FCC shall in every even-numbered years beginning in 1998, review all regulations issued under this Act in effect at time of review that apply to operations or activities of any provider of telecommunications service; and shall determine whether such regulation is no longer necessary in the public interest, as meaningful economic competition between providers of such service. FCC shall repeal or modify any regulations it determines to be no longer in the public interest. (77) | | | | 7. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | CCB Use of Independent Auditors: FCC may obtain services of any licensed person to provide accounting services under any state law to assist with, or conduct audits pursuant to section 220(c). (79) | | | | 7. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | CCB Making License Modification Uniform: Eliminates requirement that a hearing be held before an involuntary change in a station's frequency, authorized power, or times of operation. (79) | | | | 7. Regulatory Reform: Elimination of Unnecessary FCC Regulations and Functions | OGC [MMB] [IB] [WTB] Foreign Directors
Removes statutory limits on Alien Ownership (Directors and Officers). (80) | | Order | | Adopted - 9/27/96 Released - 10/9/96 Published Fed. Reg. - 10/28/96 8. Effect on Other Laws | CCB Section 221(a) of Communications Act repealed. (92) | | | | 9. Facilities Siting; Radio Frequency Emission Standards | WTB FCC to receive petitions from persons adversely affected by an act or failure to act by a state or local government that is inconsistent with FCC emissions regulations. (101)
FCC shall provide technical support to states to encourage them to make property, rights-of-way, and easements available for new telecommunications services. (101)
| Released Fact Sheet | on New National Wireless Tower Siting Policies - Sec. 704 Fact Sheet | Fact Sheet #2 | Released - 4/23/96 Released - 9/18/96 |
---|