Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States

On this page:

• Kidney Problems
• Urologic Problems
• Other Related Problems
• Sources

Kidney Problems

Kidney disease

Prevalence (1999–2004): An estimated 13 percent of adults ages 20 or older (26 million adults) have physiological evidence of chronic kidney disease determined from data collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ¹

End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 188,381
• Hypertension: 122,339
• Glomerulonephritis: 80,164
• Cystic kidney: 23,685
• Urologic disease: 13,371
• All other: 78,316

Incidence (2006): 110,854 U.S. residents were new beneficiaries of treatment.²

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 49,224
• Hypertension: 29,662
• Glomerulonephritis: 7,982
• Cystic kidney: 2,651
• Urologic disease: 1,670
• All other: 19,665

Mortality (2006): Among U.S. residents with ESRD, there were 163.8 deaths per 1,000 patient years.² There were 87,654 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment.²

Cost for the ESRD program (2006): $33.61 billion in public and private spending²

ESRD treatment:
Dialysis treatment (2006): 354,754 U.S. residents with ESRD received dialysis.²
In-center hemodialysis: 325,299
Home hemodialysis: 2,455
Peritoneal dialysis: 26,114
CAPD^* 10,415
CCPD^** 15,667
Other PD^*** 32

*CAPD=continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
**CCPD=continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
***PD=peritoneal dialysis

Uncertain dialysis: 886

Number of kidney transplants performed²:
2006: 18,052
2005: 17,436
2000: 14,602
1995: 12,154
1990: 10,029
1985: 7,503
1980: 3,785

Source of organ donations for kidney transplants performed (2006)²:
From deceased donor: 11,576
From living related donor: 4,000
From spouse/life partner: 824
From living unrelated donor: 1,450
Paired exchange: 74
Living-deceased exchange: 22
Unknown relationship: 45
Nondirected donation: 58

Number of people awaiting transplants (October 24, 2008)³:
Kidney (only): 77,675
Kidney and pancreas: 2,260

Dialysis survival (probability of patients surviving, from day 91 of ESRD, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2005�06): 78.7
2 years (2004�06): 64.3
5 years (2001�06): 33.1
10 years (1996�06): 10.3

Patient survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2005�06): 94.1
2 years (2004�06): 91.7
5 years (2001�06): 80.2
10 years (1996�06): 60.9

Patient survival following living-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2005�06): 98
2 years (2004�06): 96.5
5 years (2001�06): 89.9
10 years (1996�06): 77.3

Graft survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2005�06): 89.7
2 years (2004�06): 84.4
5 years (2001�06): 67.9
10 years (1996�06): 42.1

Graft survival following living-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2005�06): 95.1
2 years (2004�06): 92.3
5 years (2001�06): 79.9
10 years (1996�06): 57.5

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Postdiarrheal

Incidence
2006: 288 cases in 38 states⁴
2005: 221 cases in 34 states⁵
2004: 200 cases in 30 states⁶
2003: 178 cases in 32 states⁷
2002: 216 cases in 33 states⁸
2001: 202 cases in 28 states⁹

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Urologic Problems

Interstitial Cystitis

(1988–1994): More than 1.3 million (1,218,631 women and 82,832 men) adults ages 20 or older self-reported having been diagnosed with interstitial cystitis.¹¹

Urinary Stones

Prevalence of kidney stones: The percent of adults ages 20 to 74 who self-reported ever having had kidney stones:
(1988–1994): 5.2 percent of adults (6.3 percent of men and 4.1 percent of women)¹²
(1976–1980): 3.2 percent of adults (4.9 percent of men and 2.8 percent of women)¹²

Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 20 or older with "calculus of kidney and ureters" as a primary diagnosis:
(2006): 166,000 hospital stays¹³
(2004): 171,000 hospital stays¹⁴
(2000): 177,496 hospital stays¹⁵

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by adults ages 20 or older with "calculus of kidney and ureters" as a listed diagnosis:
(2000): 2 million visits with urolithiasis as the primary diagnosis¹⁵
(2000): 2.7 million visits with urolithiasis listed as any diagnosis¹⁵

Cost (2000): $2.07 billion expended for evaluation and treatment¹⁵

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2006): 479,000 hospital stays¹³
(2004): 429,000 hospital stays¹⁴
(2000): 367,246 hospital stays (121,367 men; 245,879 women)^16–17

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients ages 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 8.27 million visits (1.41 million men; 6.86 million women) with UTI as the primary diagnosis¹⁵
(2000): 11.02 million visits (2.05 million men; 8.97 million women) with UTI listed as any diagnosis¹⁵

Cost (2000): $3.5 billion ($1 billion for men; $2.5 billion for women) expended for evaluation and treatment¹⁵

Urinary Incontinence

Inpatient hospital stays:The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 18 or older with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 47,802 hospital stays (1,332 men; 46,470 women)¹⁵

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients ages 20 or older, with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 207,595 visits (men) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹⁵
(2000): 1.16 million visits (women) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹⁵
(2000): 353,065 visits (men) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹⁵
(2000): 2.13 million visits (women) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹⁵

Cost (2000): $463.1 million annually ($10.3 million for men; $452.8 million for women) in hospital stays and visits to office-based physicians, hospital outpatient clinics, and emergency rooms by adults¹⁵

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Other Related Problems

Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [BPH]) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

Prevalence (2000): 6.5 million of the 27 million Caucasian men ages 50 to 79 in the United States were expected to meet the criteria for discussing treatment options for BPH.²⁰

BPH/LUTS (AUA Symptom Score of 7 or greater) prevalence estimates for different ages:
40–49: 24 percent
50–59: 31 percent
60–69: 36 percent
70–up: 44 percent ²⁰

Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by men ages 20 or older with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 4.4 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate“ listed as the primary diagnosis ¹⁵
(2000): 7.8 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as any diagnosis ¹⁵

Cost (2000): $1.1 billion annually in direct expenditures for medical services provided at hospital inpatient and outpatient settings, emergency departments, and physicians’ offices ¹⁵

Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)

Prevalence (2000): Complete erectile dysfunction—never able to achieve an erection—prevalence estimates for different ages, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey:
20–29: 1.8 percent
30–39: 0.4 percent
40–49: 1.2 percent
50–59: 4 percent
60–69: 16.7 percent
70–74: 21.5 percent
75–up: 47.5 percent
Total: 6.2 percent ²¹

Prostate Cancer

Incidence (2000): Incidence rates for prostate cancer by race and age:

Caucasian men younger than 65: 62 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men younger than 65: 114 cases per 100,000 population of men
Caucasian men older than 65: 935 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men older than 65: 1,396 cases per 100,000 population of men ²²

Cost (2000): $1.3 billion ²²

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Sources

1. Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;298(17):2038–2047.

2. USRDS 2008 Annual Data Report. United States Renal Data System Web site. www.usrds.org/adr.htm. Accessed October 31, 2008.

3. United Network for Organ Sharing Web site. www.unos.org. Accessed October 31, 2008. For updates, call 804–330–8576 or fax 804–323–3794.

4. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2008;55(53):26.

5. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2005. MMWR. 2007;54(53):24

6. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2004. MMWR. 2006;53(53):24.

7. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2003. MMWR. 2005;52(54):7.

8. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2002. MMWR. 2004;51(53):22.

9. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2001. MMWR. 2003;50(53):xv.

10. Rosenberg MT, Hazzard M. Prevalence of interstitial cystitis symptoms in women: a population based study in the primary care office. Journal of Urology. 2005;174(6):2231–2234.

11. Clemens JQ, Joyce GF, Wise M, Payne CK. Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Public Health Service (PHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO); 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:123–154.

12. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM, Curhan GC. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney International. 2003;63:1817–1823.

13. DeFrances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey. National health statistics reports; no 5. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2008.

14. NCHS. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 Annual Summary With Detailed Diagnosis and Procedure Data. DHHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hyattsville, MD: GPO; 2006. DHHS publication 2006–1733.
    

15. Litwin MS, Saigal CS. Introduction. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:3–7.

16. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:587–619.
    

17. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:621–645.

18. Nygaard I, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary incontinence in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:157–191.

19. Stothers L, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary incontinence in men. In: Lit-win MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:193–221.
    

20. Wei JT, Calhoun EA, Jacobsen SJ. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:43–67.

21. Saigal CS, Wessells H, Wilt T. Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166:207–212.

22. Penson DF, Chan JM. Prostate cancer. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:71–120.
    

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Acknowledgments

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse

3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
TTY: 1–866–569–1162
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: nkudic@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov

The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.

Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.

This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.

NIH Publication No. 09–3895
February 2009

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