Lung Cancer Screening with Sputum Cytologic Examination, Chest Radiography, and Computed Tomography

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Study, Year	Study Population	Intervention	Number Malignancies (%)	Percent Resectable	Survival
Philadelphia Neoplasm Research Project, 1951^48,49	6,136 men, age 45+	Photofluorograms and questionnaires every 6 mos for 10 yrs	Prevalence: 84 (1.37) Incidence: 121	35	8% (5 yrs)
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Study, 1953⁵¹	1,871,374 men and women, all ages	Intermittent CXR over 26 yrs (sputum cytology in some)	193 (0.01)	56	44% (5 yrs for resectable tumors) (usual 5-yr survival at that time, 20%)
Veterans Administration Trial, 1958⁵⁰	141,607 men, median age 62.8	CXR and sputum cytology	73 (0.052)	36	17% (32 mos)
South London Cancer Study, 1959⁵²	67,400 men, age 45+	CXR every 6 mos	234 (0.35)	56	18% (4 yrs) (usual survival at that time, 9%)