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References:Inactivation of HIV

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Health and Safety | Biosafety Branch
(Date Last Revised: March 9, 1995)

  1. Aloisio H, and Nicholson JA: Recovery of infectious human immunodeficiency virus from cells treated with 1% paraformaldehyde. Immunol. Meth. 281-285, 1990.
  2. Barre-Sinoussi F, Nageyre MT, Chermann JC. Resistance of AIDS virus at room temperature (letter). Lancet 2:271-2, 1985.
  3. Bloomfield SF, Smith-Burchnell CA, Dalgleish AG. Evaluation of hypochloritereleasing disinfectants against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J Hosp of  Infect 15:273-8, 1990.
  4. Centers for Disease Control: Agent summary statement for human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) including HTLV-III, LAV, HIV-1, and HIV-2. MMWR 37(S-4):1-17, 1988.
  5. Centers for Disease Control. 1988 agent summary statement for human immunodeficiency virus and report on laboratory-acquired infection with human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR 37(Suppl4): 1-22, 1988.
  6. Centers for Disease Control: Guidelines for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to health-care and publicsafety workers. MMWR 38(S-6): 1-37, 1989.
  7. Centers for Diease Control. Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection among healthcare workers. MMWR 37:22939, 1988.
  8. Cory Joan M, Fred Rapp, and Betsy M. Ohlsson-Wilhelm: Effects of Cellular Fixatives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Production. Cytometry 11:647-651, 1990.
  9. deJong JCJ, van Klingeren B. Chemical inactivation of HIV on surfaces (letter). BMJ 298:1646-7, 1989.
  10. Hanson PJ, Gor D, Jeffries DJ, Collins JV. Chemical inactivation of HIV on surfaces. Br Med J 298:862-4, 1989.
  11. Harbison MA. Hammer SM. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by Betadine products and chlorhexidine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2:16-20, 1989.
  12. Hay AH. Laboratory safety and HIV. Lancet 2:1094, 1987.
  13. Hicks DR, Martin LS, Getchell JP, Heath JL, Francis DP, McDougal JS, Curran JW, Voeller B. Inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV Infected cultures of normal human lympheytes by mmoynol-9 in vitro (letter) Lancet 3: 1422, 1985.
  14. Household bleaches may be too weak. New Scientist 1978:115:25
  15. Kaplan JC, Crawford DC, Durno AG, Schooley RT. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by Betadine. Infect Control 8:412-424, 1987.
  16. Kurth R, Werner A, Barrett N, Dorner F. Stability and inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): a review. AIDS-Forschung (AIFO) 11:6018, 1986.
  17. Lavelle Gc, Gubbe SL, Neveaux JL, Bowden BJ. Evaluation of an antimicrobial soap formula for virucidal efficacy in vitro again human immunodeficiency virus in a blood-virus mixture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:2034-6, 1989.
  18. Levy JA, Mitra G. Mozen MM. Recovery and inactivation of infestious retroviruses from factor VIII concentrates. Lancet 2:722-3, 1984.
  19. Lifson JD, Sasaki DT, Engleman EG: Utility of formaldehyde fixation for flow cytometry and inactivation of the AIDS associated retrovirus. J Immunol Methods 86:143-149, 1986.
  20. Lionel Resnick, MD; Kaith Varen; S. Zaki Salahuddin, MS; Sue Tondreau; Phillip D. Markham, PhD: Stability and Inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV Under Clinical and Laboratory Environments (JAMA 255:1887-1891, 1986)
  21. Martin LS, McDougal JS, Loskoski SL. Disinfection and inactivation of the human T-lymphotrophic virus tupe III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. J Infect Dis 152:400-403, 1985.
  22. Martin LS, Loskoski SL, McDougal JS. Inactivation of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus by formaldehyde-based reagents. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:708-9, 1987.
  23. McDougal JS, Martin LS, Cart SP, et al: Thermal inactivation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus human T-lymphotrophic virus III/antihemophilic factor. J Clin Invest 76:875-877, 1985.
  24. Montenori DC, Robinson WE Jr. Modiszewski A, Mitchell WM. Effective inactivator of human immunodeficiency virus with chlorhexidine antiseptics containing detergents and alcohol. J Hosp Infect 15:279-82, 1990.
  25. Prince AM. Horowitz B. Dichtelmueller H. Stephan W. Gallo RC. Quantitative assays for evualuation of HTLV-III inactivation procedures: tri(Nbutyl)phosphate:sodium cholate and b-propiolactone. Cancer Res. 45(Suppl.):4592s-4594s, 1985.
  26. Prince AM. Horowitz B. Dichtelmueller H. Stephan W. Gallo RC. Quantitative assays for evaluation of HTLV-III inactivation procedures: tri(nbutyl) phosphate: sodium cholate and B-propiolactone. Cancer Res 45:4592s-4s, 1985.
  27. Prince AM, Horowitz B, Brotman B. Sterilization of hepatitis and HTLV-III viruses by exposure to tri(n-butyl) phosphate and sodium cholate. Lancet 1:706-10, 1986.
  28. Prince AM. Effect of heat treatment of lyophilised blood derivatives of infectivity of human immunodeficiency (letter). Lancet 1:1280-1, 1986.
  29. Prince DL, Prine RN, Prine HN. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 by commerical hospital disinfectants. Chemical Times and Trends 13:13-16, 1990.
  30. Quinnan GV Jr. Wells MA. Wittek AE, Phelan MA, Mayner JRE, Feinstone S. Purcell RH. Epstein JS. Inactivation of human T-cell lympphotropic virus type III by heat, chemicals and irradiation. Transfusion 26:481-3, 1986.
  31. Resnick L, Veren K, Salahuddin SZ, Tondreau S, Markham PD. Stability and inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV under clinical and laboratory environments. JAMA 255:1887-91, 1986.
  32. Ronalds CJ, Grint PCA. Kangro HD. Disinfection and inactivation of HTLVIII/LAV-J Infect Dis 153:996-7, 1986.
  33. Sarin PS. Scheer DI, Kross RD. Inactivation of human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-III) by LDTm (letter). N Eng J Med 313:1416, 1985.
  34. Satter, SA, Springthorpe, VS. Survival and Disinfectant Inactivation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Critial Reveiw. Rev. Inf. Dis. 13:430-47, 1991.
  35. Schuster M. Cohn J. Mcmeeking A. Disinfection for HTLV-III: halagenated soaps (letter). JAMA 255:2290-1, 1986.
  36. Slade JS, Pike EB, Eglin RP, Colbourne JS, Kurtz JB. The survival of human immunodeficiency virus in water sewage and sea water. Water Science and Technology 1989, 21:55.
  37. Spire B, Barre-Sinoussi F, Dormont D, et al: Inactivation of lymphadenopthyassociated virus by heat, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light . Lancet 2 1:188189, 1985
  38. Spire B, F. Barre-Sinousi, L. Montagnier, J. C. Chermann, W. Stephan, and R. C. Gallo: Inactivation of lymphadenopathy associated virus by chemical disinfectants. Lancet 2 899-901, 1984.
  39. Stinson MC, Galanek MS, Ducatman AM. Masac FX, Kuritzkes DR Model for inactivation and disposal of infectious human immunodeficiency virus and radioactive waste in a BL3 facility. App Environ Microbiol 56:264-8, 1990.
  40. Wallbank AM. Disinfectant inactivation of AIDS virus in blood or serum (letter). Lancet 1:642, 1985.
  41. Zolg JW, Lanciotti RS, Wendlinger M, Meyer WA III Inactivation human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood samples stored a high-salt lysates. Appl Environ Microbiol 56: 2755-60, 1990.

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