Editor’s Note: Following are remarks of Mike Soukup, NPS associate director for Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, on the occasion of the Wildlife Conservation Society meeting on the ecological future of North American bison, held in Denver, Colorado, 23 October 2006. His address rounds out the discussion of bison management in North America by sharing a context for the scientific findings of our cover article on the history and genetics of federal bison herds and examining several other important and interrelated management considerations.