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About the Collection
The Detroit Photographic Company was launched as a photographic publishing firm in the late 1890s by Detroit businessman and publisher William A. Livingstone, Jr., and photographer and photo-publisher Edwin H. Husher. They obtained the exclusive rights to use the Swiss "Photochrom" process for converting black-and-white photographs into color images and printing them by photolithography. This process permitted the mass production of color postcards, prints, and albums for sale to the American market.
The photographs were made in a variety of locations. Most depict scenes in the United States (chiefly east of the Mississippi), together with some photographs of other nations in the Americas, Europe, and copies of paintings. Prominent subjects include buildings and views in towns and cities, colleges and universities, battleships and yachts, resorts, natural landmarks, and industry.
Late in 1897, Livingstone persuaded the accomplished American landscape photographer, William Henry Jackson, to join the firm. This added the thousands of negatives produced by Jackson to the Detroit Photographic Company's inventory. Jackson's collection included city and town views, images of prominent buildings, scenes along railroad lines, views of hotels and resorts, and the like.
The nation's strong interest in the 1898 Spanish-American War and the expansion of U.S. Naval power accounts for the firm's large inventory of many photographs of Cuba and scenes related to the war and for the hundreds of images of warships. In the late 1890s, the Detroit Photographic Company expanded their inventory to include photographic copies of works of art, which were popular educational tools as well as inexpensive home decor.
The firm was known as the Detroit Photographic Co. until 1905 when it became the Detroit Publishing Company. William Henry Jackson became the plant manager in 1903, leaving him with less time to travel and take photographs. With the declining sale of photographs and postcards during World War I, and the introduction of new and cheaper printing methods used by competing firms, the Detroit Publishing Company went into receivership in 1924. They liquidated their assets in 1932.
The best known photographer represented in the Detroit Publishing Company is William Henry Jackson (1843-1942). He moved to Nebraska after the Civil War and was active in the West from about 1870 to about 1890. His photographs for the U.S. Geological and Geographic Survey of the Territories (see The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920) influenced the establishment of Yellowstone and other early national parks. In 1898 he became president of the Detroit Publishing Company, adding his stock of negatives to the company's files. He left the firm in 1924.
The Detroit Publishing Company collection includes negatives by many other photographers. During Jackson's era, photographers frequently purchased and sold negatives amongst themselves, with the current holder of the negative claiming authorship. In producing this electronic reference surrogate, an effort was made to recognize the role of individual photographers and companies represented in the Detroit Publishing Company. Information was gathered from various sources including the negative logbooks held at the Colorado Historical Society and information on the glass negatives themselves. Many negatives were attributed to William Henry Jackson based on these sources, as well as information listed in the Detroit Photographic Company catalog of 1898. Attributions could not be determined for every image. Researchers who would like to verify the photographers of specific images are encouraged to contact the Colorado Historical Society for information concerning specific images.
In 1939 Jackson gave the Detroit Publishing Company negatives and prints to the Edison Institute in Dearborn, Michigan. In 1949, the Edison Institute gave all of the negatives and many duplicate photographs to the Colorado Historical Society. The Colorado Historical Society transferred most of the negatives and prints for sites east of the Mississippi to the Library later that year.
Locations Represented in the Collection
This list provides an interim overview of the geographical distribution of images in the Detroit Publishing Company collection. For example, it clearly indicates that the largest number of photographs were made in the eastern United States and that, even within the East, some states are far better covered than others.
At this time, the list is not hyperlinked to the collection's bibliographic database and users will have to key in search terms for themselves.
Users should note that the Library's current implementation of Inquery search software does not yet support searches limited to specific catalog fields, e.g., the field in which place names are found.
For these reasons, a user wishing to find all of the photographs from a given state may have to execute a series of searches that combine the state name and an additional word or term. Users are warned that the collection includes large numbers of photographs of naval vessels and other ships, many of which are named for states and cities. Users are also warned that, since the Detroit Publishing Company created the photographs, any search that uses the noun Detroit will summon every photograph in the collection.
United States
| Alabama | 118 |
| Arizona | 11 |
| Arkansas | 58 |
| California | 126 |
| Colorado | 70 |
| Connecticut | 158 |
| Delaware | 55 |
| District of Columbia | 386 |
| Florida | 941 |
| Georgia | 187 |
| Hawaii | 2 |
| Idaho | 2 |
| Illinois | 408 |
| Indiana | 113 |
| Iowa | 9 |
| Kansas | 21 |
| Kentucky | 63 |
| Louisiana | 302 |
| Maine | 343 |
| Maryland | 211 |
| Massachusetts | 1,748 |
| Michigan | 2.816 |
| Minnesota | 261 |
| Mississippi | 165 |
| Missouri | 39 |
| Montana | 2 |
| Nevada | 1 |
| New Hampshire | 841 |
| New Jersey | 555 |
| New Mexico | 15 |
| New York | 4,408 |
| North Carolina | 80 |
| Ohio | 722 |
| Oregon | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | 728 |
| Rhode Island | 111 |
| South Carolina | 192 |
| South Dakota | 2 |
| Tennessee | 153 |
| Texas | 7 |
| Utah | 6 |
| Vermont | 239 |
| Washington | 9 |
| West Virginia | 43 |
| Wisconsin | 183 |
| Wyoming | 4 |
Other Locations
| Canada | |
| Alberta | 76 |
| British Columbia | 90 |
| Ontario | 351 |
| Quebec | 112 |
| Vancouver | 11 |
| Cuba | 292 |
| Mexico | 454 |
| Panama | 46 |
| Puerto Rico | 41 |
| West Indies | 132 |