U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Originally Posted: November 30, 2005
In July 2004, annual pay averaged $38,494 for full-time workers in private industry and State and local governments, according to data from the BLS National Compensation Survey (NCS). Physicians and airplane pilots and navigators topped the list of 427 occupations ranked by earnings, with average earnings of $128,689 and $128,406, respectively. The average annual earnings of these two occupations were not significantly different from those of the next three highest paid occupations--medical science teachers, judges, and optometrists. Due to the relatively high standard errors for these five occupations, users should exercise caution when making direct salary comparisons. (See table 1.)
These NCS results are based on findings of establishment-based surveys in a sample of 152 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The sample represents the Nation’s 326 metropolitan statistical areas (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget in 1994) and the remaining portions of the 50 States. Agricultural, private household, and Federal Government workers are not included in the National Compensation Survey.1
Top 10 percent. Of the 43 occupations with annual earnings in the top 10 percent, 32 were in the professional major occupational group, 8 were in the executive group, 2 were in sales (securities and financial services sales occupations and sales engineers), and 1 was in the service group (firefighting supervisors). Of the 32 professional occupations, 10 were college or university teachers, with average annual earnings ranging from $121,230 for medical science teachers to $68,694 for English teachers. Workers in 5 of these 10 teaching positions had average annual earnings of at least $77,509. (Table 2 shows the highest and lowest paying occupations within each major occupational group.)
Top 20 percent. The 86 occupations in the top 20 percent of the earnings array were dominated by positions in the professional and executive major occupational groups. (See table 1.) However, workers from other major groups begin to appear in these high-earnings deciles. For example, the precision production major group had 5 occupations ranked in the top 20 percent, with oil well drillers taking the 62nd spot and supervisory electricians and power transmission installers ranked 66th. Real estate sales workers and mining, manufacturing, and wholesale sales representatives also were in the top 20 percent (ranked 57th and 86th, respectively), as were police and detective supervisors (58th) from the service group. (See appendix A for an alphabetical index of the 427 occupations in table 1.)
Bottom 10 percent. Average annual earnings ranged from $22,317 to $8,789 for full-time workers in occupations at the bottom 10 percent of the wage ladder. About one-third of these 43 lowest paying positions were in the service major occupational group. The remaining two-thirds were mostly accounted for by the following major groups: administrative support, machine operators, handlers, and sales occupations. The low annual earnings for waiters and waitresses ($8,789) in the service group may be misleading because the NCS does not include tips as part of wages. As a result, earnings for waiters and waitresses may be understated. Assistants to waiters and waitresses were ranked 426th, with average annual earnings of $12,432. (Rates for some other low-ranked occupations, such as bartenders, baggage porters and bellhops, parking lot attendants, and taxicab drivers and chauffeurs, were similarly affected by the absence of information on tips.)
Average annual earnings varied considerably within and among major occupational groups. The following tabulation highlights the percentage spreads within each of the nine major occupational groups.2
| Major occupational group | Percent by which highest paid occupation exceeds the lowest paid occupation within each of the nine major occupational groups |
|---|---|
| Professional and technical | 767 |
| Executive | 418 |
| Sales | 387 |
| Administrative support | 193 |
| Precision production | 161 |
| Machine operators | 121 |
| Transportation | 194 |
| Handlers | 101 |
| Service | 681 |
The large spreads for professional and service jobs reflect the disparate jobs classified within these two major occupational groups. Substitute teachers, for example, are professional workers, but their average earnings are among the lowest, regardless of occupational group. When their earnings are compared with those of the highest ranked professional job (physicians) a wide gap is produced. Similarly, the large gap for the service group results when earnings of high-paid firefighting supervisors are compared with those of the lowest paid service occupation, waiters and waitresses. As noted previously, earnings for wait staff do not include tips. If the data for waiters and waitresses are excluded from the calculations, the earnings spread for the service group drops from 681 percent to 452 percent.
When the earnings estimates for the other (nonservice) occupational groups were recalculated to compare the average earnings of the highest paid occupation with the average earnings of the second lowest paid occupation in the group, the gap narrowed dramatically for the professional category (from 767 to 353 percent) and in the executive group (from 418 to 136 percent). Gaps for the remaining groups narrowed more moderately.
In addition to publishing annual salaries, the NCS publishes hourly wage rates for the occupations presented in this article. Ranking occupations by hourly rates produces some rather significant positional changes from the annual earnings rankings. Table 3 shows the rankings for the 25 highest paid occupations, in terms of both annual and hourly earnings. Physicians, who were ranked first in annual earnings, drop to 6th position when ranked on an hourly basis, which is below airplane pilots and navigators, economics teachers, law teachers, optometrists, and judges.
The annual-versus-hourly rankings particularly affect teaching occupations, where salaries are based on a contract year that generally requires several hundred fewer work hours annually than most full-time workers. Five teaching occupations are in the top 25 in terms of annual earnings positions. When the same occupations are ranked by hourly earnings, 12 appear in the top 25. Among the more noticeable shifts were theology teachers, moving from 67th place in the annual earnings ranking to 22nd place in the hourly ranking; computer science teachers (51st to 20th); and business, commerce, and marketing teachers (50th to 21st). All of the 12 high-paid college level teaching occupations moved up in rank when the hourly scale is used, with the exception of medical science teachers, who dropped from 3rd place in the annual array to 9th place in the hourly array. This drop reflects the 2,276 average annual hours reported for medical science teachers.
The average weekly work hours (39.3) of full-time college teachers are close to the average for all full-time workers (39.6). The shorter average annual work hours (1,602) for this group reflect a shorter work year (about 41 weeks). The work year for teachers below the college level (1,438 hours) reflects a combination of shorter average workweek (36.7 hours) and shorter work year (39 weeks).
The NCS classifies employees as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour workweek might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but a part-time employee in another firm, where a 40-hour workweek is the minimum full-time schedule.
BLS collects data on earnings and associated hours directly from employers--either through a personal interview or by telephone. Employers provide the appropriate hours information by accounting for all the duties of the occupation. The collection of hours data is more difficult for some occupations than for others, and in some cases an estimate must be accepted. In addition to flight hours, which are highly regulated and carefully recorded, airline pilots spend time preparing for flights. In the case of elementary and secondary school teachers, hours of work include preparation time, administrative time, and professional days. For college and university professors, research time and office hours are included with class time in the total number of hours worked.
The data in this article are estimates from a scientifically selected, probability sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used for the National Compensation Survey is one of a number of possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from different samples yield different results.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. The standard error indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The relative standard error is the standard error divided by the estimate. Table 1 includes the relative standard errors for all of the occupations in the table.
The standard error can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. As an example, the mean annual earnings for physicians were $128,689, with a relative standard error of 12.5 percent. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $102,227 to $155,151.3 If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time. Because of the substantial sizes of the relative standard errors of some of the earnings estimates presented in this article, readers are advised to view the rankings with caution.
Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. In addition, estimates are accepted when exact data elements are not available and the respondent is confident that the estimates are reasonable (hours worked by teachers, for example). Although the nonsampling errors are not specifically measured, they are expected to be minimal due to the extensive training of the field economists who gather the survey data by personal visit or by telephone, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review.
The NCS classifies workers according to the Occupation Classification System, which is based on the 1990 Census of Population. BLS is in the process of switching to the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, and the NCS expects to publish SOC-based data in 2006.
Following is a brief description of the nine major occupational groups, the types of occupations included in each group, and a general description of the duties and skills required to fill the positions:
Professional specialty and technical occupations. This major occupational group includes occupations concerned with the study, application, and/or administration of physical, mathematical, scientific, engineering, architectural, social, medical, legal statute, biological, behavioral, library, and/or religious laws, principles, practices, or theories. Some occupations are concerned with interpreting, informing, expressing, or promoting ideas, products, and so forth by written, artistic, sound, or physical mediums. Certain occupations that provide support in these fields are included in the professional group. Most professional occupations require educational preparation.4
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations. Managers plan, organize, direct, and control the major functions of an industrial, commercial, or governmental establishment or department through subordinates who are at the managerial or supervisory level. Managers make decisions and establish objectives for the department or establishment; they are generally not directly concerned with the fabrication of products or with the provision of services. They possess knowledge of the day-to-day operation of the organization, but do not necessarily have the detailed knowledge required of a first-line supervisor. Most managers are classified in this major occupational group.
In the case of small establishments or departments, employees who plan, organize, direct, or control major functions may also perform functions normally assigned to supervisors, such as supervising lower level employees. These employees are classified as managers. This group also includes management-related workers who implement the establishment functions in support of management at the operational level. Examples of these specialized functions are analyzing financial records and policies, reviewing organizational structures and methods, purchasing goods for internal organizational use, and enforcing standards and regulations.
Sales. The sales major occupational group includes occupations concerned with the selling of goods and services or property, purchasing goods and services for resale, or conducting wholesale and retail business. Sales representatives or agents and sales workers require knowledge of the goods or services sold, along with the ability to demonstrate product or products, receive payments, and perform other sales-related activities. Supervisors who coordinate the activities of workers who buy and sell goods and services are included in this group. Sales clerks and cashiers who are primarily concerned with receiving and disbursing funds and require no special product knowledge are also included in this group.
Administrative support occupations, including clerical. This major occupational group includes all of the broad groups of occupations performing activities relating to preparing, transcribing, systematizing, and preserving written communications and records; collecting accounts; gathering and distributing information; operating office machines and electronic data processing equipment; storing, distributing, and accounting for stores of materials; operating telephone switchboards, distributing mail, and delivering messages; and performing other administrative and clerical support.
Precision production, craft, and repair. This group includes occupations involved in the fabricating, processing, inspecting, or repairing of material, products, or structural units. Incumbents must have a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of processes involved in their work, usually acquired through apprenticeship or intensive training. Workers must exercise considerable independent judgment and must usually display a high degree of manual dexterity. Helpers are excluded from this major occupational group, unless specifically included. However, apprentices who are learning a craft or trade through on-the-job training and a formal apprenticeship training program are included, unless specifically excluded.
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. Workers in this major occupational group set up and operate machinery, perform repetitive manual or machine operations, or tend and control machines as part of a fairly well-defined work routine in which some independent judgment or skill may be required.
Transportation and material moving occupations. This major occupational group covers workers concerned with activities that are in immediate support of the operation and performance of transportation vehicles used to transport people or material. It includes workers involved in the operation of material moving equipment that is stationary or has limited range. It also includes the supervisors of these workers.
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. Workers in this major occupational group perform unskilled, simple duties, primarily manual, that may be learned within a short period of time and that require little or no independent judgment. These occupations ordinarily require little or no previous experience. Duties may require moderate to strenuous physical exertion.
Service occupations, except private households. This major occupational group includes occupations concerned with preparing and serving food and drinks in commercial, institutional, or other establishments, providing lodging and related services, providing grooming, cosmetic, and other personal and health care services for children and adults, providing protection for people and property, attending to the comfort or requests of patrons of amusement and recreation facilities, and performing cleaning and maintenance services to interiors of buildings. Workers in these occupations provide personal and protective services to individuals and commercial entities.
1 For more information on the scope of the National Compensation Surveys, see the technical note in National Compensation Survey: Occupational Wages in the United States, July 2004, Bulletin 2576 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2005), Appendix A, pp. 151-54; available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/sp/ncbl0757.pdf. The NCS website also provides comprehensive results from the 2004 survey.
2 The spreads are calculated by dividing the rate for the highest paying occupation by the lowest paying occupation within a major occupational group, multiplying the result by 100, and subtracting 100. For example, the percent spread for the professional group is calculated as follows: $128,689/14,841 = 8.67; (8.67 x 100) - 100 = 767 percent.
3 The confidence interval for physicians is calculated as follows: $128,689 plus or minus 1.645 times 12.5 percent of the mean [that is, 1.645 x .125 x $128,689 = $26,462]; ($128,689 + $26,462 = $155,151; $128,689 - $26,462 = $102,227).
4 The National Compensation Survey excludes individuals who set their own pay because their pay may not reflect market forces. These individuals may be owners, owner-managers, or bona fide partners. Physicians, lawyers, and accountants who set their own pay, or have a major influence in doing so, are typical examples of excluded individuals.
| Rank | Occupation | Annual earnings(2) | Mean annual hours | Major occupational group(3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Relative error (percent)(4) | ||||
1 |
Physicians | $128,689 | 12.5 | 2243 | Professional |
2 |
Airplane pilots and navigators | 128,406 | 7.7 | 1083 | Professional |
3 |
Medical science teachers | 121,230 | 6.6 | 2276 | Professional |
4 |
Judges | 118,134 | 12.9 | 2058 | Professional |
5 |
Optometrists | 116,403 | 18.2 | 1975 | Professional |
6 |
Lawyers | 105,716 | 5.2 | 2174 | Professional |
7 |
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations | 103,704 | 9.8 | 2131 | Executive |
8 |
Chief executives and general administrators, public administration | 102,405 | 11.9 | 2057 | Executive |
9 |
Economics teachers | 99,516 | 12.1 | 1555 | Professional |
10 |
Securities and financial services sales occupations | 94,005 | 9.5 | 2068 | Sales |
|
|||||
11 |
Announcers | 93,112 | 35.1 | 1938 | Professional |
12 |
Engineering teachers | 92,358 | 6.3 | 1618 | Professional |
13 |
Petroleum engineers | 89,981 | 8.3 | 2080 | Professional |
14 |
Law teachers | 89,947 | 11.3 | 1526 | Professional |
15 |
Pharmacists | 88,168 | 0.9 | 2065 | Professional |
16 |
Aerospace engineers | 85,574 | 7.9 | 2083 | Professional |
17 |
Dentists | 82,437 | 6.3 | 2142 | Professional |
18 |
Managers and administrators, n.e.c. | 80,871 | 3.5 | 2142 | Executive |
19 |
Physicists and astronomers | 80,039 | 10.2 | 2072 | Professional |
20 |
Electrical and electronic engineers | 79,211 | 2.8 | 2117 | Professional |
|
|||||
21 |
Chemical engineers | 78,645 | 4.4 | 2071 | Professional |
22 |
Financial managers | 78,410 | 4.6 | 2105 | Executive |
23 |
Sales engineers | 77,664 | 7.2 | 2171 | Sales |
24 |
Physics teachers | 77,509 | 10.2 | 1442 | Professional |
25 |
Nuclear engineers | 77,225 | 5.1 | 2080 | Professional |
26 |
Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers | 76,353 | 10.3 | 1440 | Professional |
27 |
Engineers, n.e.c. | 76,307 | 3 | 2085 | Professional |
28 |
Operations and systems researchers and analysts | 73,460 | 4.4 | 2078 | Professional |
29 |
Computer systems analysts and scientists | 73,327 | 2.2 | 2085 | Professional |
30 |
Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. | 72,453 | 9.1 | 2084 | Professional |
|
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31 |
Other financial officers | 72,319 | 6.6 | 2085 | Executive |
32 |
Actuaries | 72,088 | 7.3 | 2179 | Professional |
33 |
Biological science teachers | 71,935 | 11.4 | 1722 | Professional |
34 |
Economists | 71,672 | 8.2 | 2171 | Professional |
35 |
Sociology teachers | 71,656 | 14.1 | 1609 | Professional |
36 |
Physicians' assistants | 71,297 | 5 | 2083 | Professional |
37 |
Managers, medicine and health | 70,871 | 3.4 | 2078 | Executive |
38 |
Geologists and geodesists | 70,665 | 7.6 | 2131 | Professional |
39 |
Personnel and labor relations managers | 70,283 | 8.7 | 2073 | Executive |
40 |
Health specialties teachers | 70,120 | 6.8 | 1720 | Professional |
|
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41 |
Administrators, education and related fields | 68,765 | 3.7 | 1912 | Executive |
42 |
English teachers | 68,694 | 10.7 | 1540 | Professional |
43 |
Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations | 68,673 | 5.5 | 2533 | Service |
44 |
Technical writers | 68,601 | 10.9 | 2103 | Professional |
45 |
Architects | 68,315 | 3.7 | 2100 | Professional |
46 |
Surveyors and mapping scientists | 67,437 | 9.6 | 2084 | Professional |
47 |
Industrial engineers | 67,280 | 2.2 | 2132 | Professional |
48 |
Mechanical engineers | 67,143 | 2.6 | 2119 | Professional |
49 |
Social science teachers, n.e.c. | 67,014 | 5.7 | 1613 | Professional |
50 |
Business, commerce, and marketing teachers | 66,743 | 12.1 | 1565 | Professional |
|
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51 |
Computer science teachers | 66,340 | 15.5 | 1555 | Professional |
52 |
Purchasing managers | 66,337 | 6.9 | 2104 | Professional |
53 |
Physical scientists, n.e.c. | 66,241 | 8.3 | 2138 | Professional |
54 |
Professional occupations, n.e.c. | 66,129 | 6.5 | 2030 | Professional |
55 |
Civil engineers | 66,085 | 3.5 | 2092 | Professional |
56 |
Administrators and officials, public administration | 65,828 | 2.6 | 2045 | Executive |
57 |
Real estate sales occupations | 65,322 | 28.9 | 2073 | Sales |
58 |
Supervisors, police and detectives | 64,461 | 3.1 | 2086 | Service |
59 |
Chemists, except biochemists | 63,507 | 6 | 2073 | Professional |
60 |
Metallurgical and materials engineers | 63,099 | 4.2 | 2094 | Professional |
|
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61 |
Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. | 63,051 | 12.4 | 2045 | Executive |
62 |
Drillers, oil well | 62,409 | 41.7 | 2439 | Precision production |
63 |
Agriculture and forestry teachers | 62,401 | 22.6 | 1566 | Professional |
64 |
Mathematical science teachers | 61,873 | 10.2 | 1543 | Professional |
65 |
History teachers | 61,615 | 9.1 | 1616 | Professional |
66 |
Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers | 61,591 | 4.4 | 2091 | Precision production |
67 |
Theology teachers | 61,088 | 6.9 | 1462 | Professional |
68 |
Psychology teachers | 60,894 | 8.8 | 1629 | Professional |
69 |
Management analysts | 60,622 | 4.7 | 2083 | Executive |
70 |
Computer programmers | 60,229 | 6.8 | 2073 | Professional |
|
|||||
71 |
Actors and directors | 60,006 | 15.9 | 2090 | Professional |
72 |
Agricultural and food scientists | 58,890 | 7.1 | 2019 | Professional |
73 |
Education teachers | 58,825 | 7 | 1534 | Professional |
74 |
Chemistry teachers | 58,798 | 8.3 | 1565 | Professional |
75 |
Natural science teachers, n.e.c. | 58,352 | 9.3 | 1458 | Professional |
76 |
Musicians and composers | 58,337 | 13 | 1646 | Professional |
77 |
Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters | 58,268 | 4.2 | 2032 | Precision production |
78 |
Physical therapists | 58,201 | 1.6 | 2044 | Professional |
79 |
Railroad conductors and yardmasters | 57,925 | 14.4 | 2216 | Transportation |
80 |
Public relations specialists | 57,499 | 5.2 | 2051 | Professional |
|
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81 |
Locomotive operating occupations | 57,465 | 11.1 | 2120 | Transportation |
82 |
Biological and life scientists | 57,076 | 14 | 2032 | Professional |
83 |
Power plant operators | 56,437 | 3.4 | 2079 | Precision production |
84 |
Dental hygienists | 56,387 | 4.1 | 1757 | Professional |
85 |
Supervisors, extractive occupations | 56,228 | 18.2 | 2170 | Precision production |
86 |
Sales representative mining, manufacturing, and wholesale | 55,982 | 3.6 | 2094 | Sales |
87 |
Athletes | 55,934 | 13.9 | 2023 | Professional |
88 |
Aircraft engine mechanics | 55,515 | 6.9 | 2081 | Precision production |
89 |
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products | 55,434 | 4.3 | 2083 | Executive |
90 |
Electrical power installers and repairers | 55,377 | 2.6 | 2080 | Precision production |
|
|||||
91 |
Political science teachers | 55,336 | 7 | 1588 | Professional |
92 |
Supervisors, carpenters and related workers | 55,255 | 5.8 | 2110 | Precision production |
93 |
Brickmasons and stonemasons | 54,980 | 6.8 | 2004 | Precision production |
94 |
Physical education teachers | 54,660 | 5.9 | 1546 | Professional |
95 |
Urban planners | 54,196 | 4.6 | 2052 | Professional |
96 |
Editors and reporters | 54,001 | 12.3 | 2029 | Professional |
97 |
Mining occupations, n.e.c. | 53,869 | 1.5 | 2048 | Precision production |
98 |
Foreign language teachers | 53,763 | 13.9 | 1573 | Professional |
99 |
Aircraft mechanics, except engines | 53,345 | 6.9 | 2080 | Precision production |
100 |
Registered nurses | 53,289 | 1.3 | 2002 | Professional |
|
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101 |
Sales occupations, other business services | 52,542 | 5.8 | 2103 | Sales |
102 |
Art, drama, and music teachers | 52,521 | 9 | 1498 | Professional |
103 |
Funeral directors | 52,253 | 13.2 | 2303 | Executive |
104 |
Management related occupations, n.e.c. | 52,188 | 2.1 | 2062 | Executive |
105 |
Telephone line installers and repairers | 52,076 | 4.2 | 2064 | Precision production |
106 |
Trade and industrial teachers | 52,059 | 9.1 | 1707 | Professional |
107 |
Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. | 51,957 | 6.3 | 2083 | Executive |
108 |
Electricians | 51,916 | 2.2 | 2064 | Precision production |
109 |
Statisticians | 51,716 | 10.3 | 2044 | Professional |
110 |
Medical scientists | 51,615 | 4 | 2056 | Professional |
|
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111 |
Underwriters | 51,531 | 7 | 2026 | Executive |
112 |
Psychologists | 51,508 | 6.4 | 1776 | Professional |
113 |
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products | 51,505 | 15.9 | 2048 | Executive |
114 |
Longshore equipment operators | 51,379 | 11.4 | 1837 | Transportation |
115 |
Accountants and auditors | 50,761 | 1.8 | 2073 | Executive |
116 |
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers | 50,754 | 3.4 | 2134 | Precision production |
117 |
Librarians | 50,596 | 4.3 | 1777 | Professional |
118 |
Sheetmetal duct installers | 50,317 | 12.5 | 2080 | Precision production |
119 |
Occupational therapists | 50,169 | 4.9 | 1983 | Professional |
120 |
Supervisors, agriculture-related workers | 50,157 | 18.1 | 2110 | Handlers |
|
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121 |
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists | 50,150 | 2.8 | 2100 | Executive |
122 |
Police and detectives, public service | 50,063 | 1 | 2073 | Service |
123 |
Social scientists, n.e.c. | 49,708 | 11.6 | 1989 | Professional |
124 |
Telephone installers and repairers | 49,550 | 2.9 | 2079 | Precision production |
125 |
Insurance sales occupations | 49,363 | 7.7 | 2094 | Sales |
126 |
Archivists and curators | 48,913 | 9 | 1913 | Professional |
127 |
Mechanical engineering technicians | 48,594 | 3.8 | 2090 | Professional |
128 |
Tool and die makers | 48,388 | 3.5 | 2085 | Precision production |
129 |
Industrial engineering technicians | 48,143 | 5.4 | 2092 | Professional |
130 |
Electrical and electronic technicians | 48,119 | 14.8 | 2089 | Professional |
|
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131 |
Business and promotion agents | 48,107 | 8.9 | 2066 | Executive |
132 |
Engineering technicians, n.e.c. | 47,989 | 3.5 | 2063 | Professional |
133 |
Radiologic technicians | 47,653 | 2.9 | 2048 | Professional |
134 |
Construction inspectors | 47,491 | 4.9 | 2062 | Executive |
135 |
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters | 47,389 | 3.1 | 2064 | Precision production |
136 |
Firefighting occupations | 47,364 | 3 | 2499 | Service |
137 |
Teachers, n.e.c. | 47,193 | 2.4 | 1470 | Professional |
138 |
Vocational and educational counselors | 47,124 | 4 | 1650 | Professional |
139 |
Millwrights | 46,958 | 5.9 | 2075 | Precision production |
140 |
Mechanical controls and valve repairers | 46,871 | 3.7 | 2080 | Precision production |
|
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141 |
Teachers, special education | 46,820 | 2.8 | 1390 | Professional |
142 |
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats | 46,679 | 5.4 | 2288 | Sales |
143 |
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction | 46,667 | 3 | 2078 | Executive |
144 |
Supervisors, material moving equipment operators | 46,578 | 4.1 | 2120 | Transportation |
145 |
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers, n.e.c. | 46,175 | 10 | 2080 | Precision production |
146 |
Secondary school teachers | 46,038 | 1.4 | 1416 | Professional |
147 |
Stationary engineers | 45,843 | 4.5 | 2065 | Precision production |
148 |
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers | 45,804 | 10.2 | 2034 | Professional |
149 |
Designers | 45,756 | 6.6 | 2062 | Professional |
150 |
Street and door-to-door sales workers | 45,485 | 21.5 | 2075 | Sales |
|
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151 |
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment | 45,470 | 5.4 | 2077 | Precision production |
152 |
Elementary school teachers | 45,296 | 1 | 1393 | Professional |
153 |
Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons and tilesetters | 45,246 | 14.3 | 2080 | Precision production |
154 |
Speech therapists | 45,197 | 7.8 | 1618 | Professional |
155 |
Advertising and related sales occupations | 45,042 | 13.1 | 2038 | Sales |
156 |
Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. | 45,022 | 3.3 | 2080 | Transportation |
157 |
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks | 44,840 | 4.4 | 2081 | Administrative support |
158 |
Drafters | 44,817 | 3.9 | 2082 | Professional |
159 |
Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers | 44,752 | 5.6 | 2100 | Precision production |
160 |
Supervisors, production occupations | 44,631 | 2.2 | 2100 | Precision production |
|
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161 |
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments | 44,598 | 6.8 | 2191 | Executive |
162 |
Miscellaneous plant and systems operators, n.e.c. | 44,525 | 6.2 | 2057 | Precision production |
163 |
Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. | 44,496 | 4.9 | 2064 | Precision production |
164 |
Respiratory therapists | 44,326 | 2.7 | 2019 | Professional |
165 |
Managers, properties and real estate | 44,013 | 4.8 | 2059 | Executive |
166 |
Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal | 43,616 | 9.6 | 2079 | Precision production |
167 |
Dietitians | 43,603 | 4.5 | 2069 | Professional |
168 |
Chemical technicians | 43,548 | 6.1 | 2071 | Professional |
169 |
Forestry and conservation scientists | 43,282 | 10.1 | 2072 | Professional |
170 |
Supervisors, financial records processing | 43,274 | 3.4 | 2036 | Administrative support |
|
|||||
171 |
Industrial machinery repairers | 42,935 | 2.5 | 2072 | Precision production |
172 |
Chief communications operators | 42,644 | 4.7 | 2080 | Administrative support |
173 |
Supervisors, sales occupations | 42,640 | 3.9 | 2167 | Sales |
174 |
Tool programmers, numerical control | 42,638 | 6.6 | 2080 | Professional |
175 |
Carpet installers | 42,584 | 18.3 | 2080 | Precision production |
176 |
Science technicians, n.e.c. | 42,536 | 10.3 | 2047 | Professional |
177 |
Technical and related occupations, n.e.c. | 42,265 | 6.7 | 2074 | Professional |
178 |
Mining machine operators | 42,242 | 11.2 | 2080 | Precision production |
179 |
Precision assemblers, metal | 42,024 | 6.6 | 2080 | Precision production |
180 |
Data processing equipment repairers | 41,987 | 9.5 | 2057 | Precision production |
|
|||||
181 |
Clergy | 41,976 | 17.9 | 2395 | Professional |
182 |
Structural metal workers | 41,975 | 6.2 | 2075 | Precision production |
183 |
Supervisors, guards | 41,767 | 8.2 | 2057 | Service |
184 |
Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats | 41,284 | 9.3 | 2319 | Transportation |
185 |
Tile setters, hard and soft | 40,789 | 20.4 | 2071 | Precision production |
186 |
Machinists | 40,736 | 2.6 | 2078 | Precision production |
187 |
Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations | 40,703 | 15.9 | 2171 | Service |
188 |
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators | 40,659 | 5.2 | 2071 | Machine operators |
189 |
Legal assistants | 40,493 | 4.9 | 1987 | Professional |
190 |
Water and sewer treatment plant operators | 40,323 | 2.8 | 2080 | Precision production |
|
|||||
191 |
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers | 40,219 | 2.5 | 2073 | Service |
192 |
Inspectors, testers and graders | 40,214 | 3.2 | 2092 | Precision production |
193 |
Supervisors, general office | 39,914 | 3.8 | 2050 | Administrative support |
194 |
Operating engineers | 39,901 | 6.4 | 1938 | Transportation |
195 |
Supervisors, motor vehicle operators | 39,791 | 6.1 | 2192 | Transportation |
196 |
Carpenters | 39,688 | 4.1 | 2060 | Precision production |
197 |
Layout workers | 39,476 | 17.2 | 2080 | Precision production |
198 |
Therapists, n.e.c. | 39,385 | 12.2 | 2046 | Professional |
199 |
Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. | 39,260 | 8.1 | 2038 | Handlers |
200 |
Heavy equipment mechanics | 39,252 | 3.3 | 2078 | Precision production |
|
|||||
201 |
Automobile mechanics | 38,967 | 3.1 | 2097 | Precision production |
202 |
Sheetmetal workers | 38,680 | 6.5 | 2051 | Precision production |
203 |
Tool and die maker apprentices | 38,457 | 9.5 | 2080 | Precision production |
204 |
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators | 37,935 | 4.5 | 2028 | Administrative support |
205 |
Supervisors, computer equipment operators | 37,880 | 13.4 | 2039 | Administrative support |
206 |
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics | 37,500 | 2.2 | 2083 | Precision production |
207 |
Patternmakers and modelmakers, wood | 37,445 | 14.6 | 2080 | Precision production |
208 |
Production coordinators | 37,378 | 3.5 | 2079 | Administrative support |
209 |
Marine engineers | 37,254 | 16.5 | 2056 | Transportation |
210 |
Glaziers | 37,092 | 6.9 | 2080 | Precision production |
|
|||||
211 |
Social workers | 37,090 | 2.7 | 2007 | Professional |
212 |
Adjusters and calibrators | 36,963 | 12.3 | 1967 | Precision production |
213 |
Biological technicians | 36,884 | 3.7 | 2066 | Professional |
214 |
Proofreaders | 36,686 | 18.2 | 2080 | Administrative support |
215 |
Concrete and terrazzo finishers | 36,639 | 10.1 | 1977 | Precision production |
216 |
Meter readers | 36,635 | 4.1 | 2080 | Administrative support |
217 |
Religious workers, n.e.c. | 36,584 | 17.2 | 1948 | Professional |
218 |
Insulation workers | 36,542 | 11.1 | 2071 | Precision production |
219 |
Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners | 36,538 | 7.7 | 2073 | Precision production |
220 |
Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters | 36,294 | 7 | 1948 | Precision production |
|
|||||
221 |
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings | 36,282 | 12.2 | 2181 | Sales |
222 |
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians | 36,069 | 3.8 | 2024 | Professional |
223 |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics | 36,057 | 3.3 | 2076 | Precision production |
224 |
Photoengravers and lithographers | 35,918 | 4.4 | 2040 | Machine operators |
225 |
Correctional institution officers | 35,618 | 6.4 | 2075 | Service |
226 |
Boilermakers | 35,596 | 7.9 | 2075 | Precision production |
227 |
Stenographers | 35,477 | 6 | 2003 | Administrative support |
228 |
Construction trades, n.e.c. | 35,278 | 5.4 | 2011 | Precision production |
229 |
Dispatchers | 35,115 | 5.7 | 2103 | Administrative support |
230 |
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers | 35,002 | 5.1 | 2060 | Service |
|
|||||
231 |
Recreation workers | 34,998 | 6.3 | 1950 | Professional |
232 |
Health record technologists and technicians | 34,781 | 7.6 | 2055 | Professional |
233 |
Crane and tower operators | 34,762 | 7.9 | 2080 | Transportation |
234 |
Lathe and turning-machine operators | 34,696 | 5 | 2078 | Machine operators |
235 |
Broadcast equipment operators | 34,606 | 9 | 2045 | Professional |
236 |
Hand engraving and printing occupations | 34,605 | 20.2 | 1983 | Machine operators |
237 |
Roofers | 34,514 | 9.5 | 1948 | Precision production |
238 |
Expeditors | 34,358 | 4.1 | 2054 | Administrative support |
239 |
Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. | 34,237 | 2.1 | 2067 | Professional |
240 |
Office machine repairers | 34,193 | 11.6 | 2076 | Precision production |
|
|||||
241 |
Excavating and loading machine operators | 34,184 | 4.5 | 2031 | Transportation |
242 |
Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. | 34,164 | 2.9 | 2051 | Precision production |
243 |
Lathe and turning-machine set-up operators | 34,107 | 4.9 | 2080 | Machine operators |
244 |
Licensed practical nurses | 34,073 | 1.4 | 2035 | Professional |
245 |
Photographers | 34,048 | 11.4 | 2051 | Professional |
246 |
Welders and cutters | 33,843 | 2.4 | 2073 | Machine operators |
247 |
Heat treating equipment operators | 33,817 | 6.5 | 2066 | Machine operators |
248 |
Drywall installers | 33,699 | 4.8 | 2066 | Precision production |
249 |
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators | 33,568 | 5.2 | 2061 | Transportation |
250 |
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers | 33,487 | 7.6 | 1672 | Professional |
|
|||||
251 |
Household appliance and power tool repairers | 33,469 | 5.8 | 2090 | Precision production |
252 |
Automobile body and related repairers | 33,285 | 3.7 | 2080 | Precision production |
253 |
Public transportation attendants | 33,267 | 1.8 | 1030 | Service |
254 |
Printing press operators | 33,251 | 2.2 | 2055 | Machine operators |
255 |
Surveying and mapping technicians | 33,217 | 6.9 | 2067 | Professional |
256 |
Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. | 33,184 | 3.6 | 2074 | Machine operators |
257 |
Supervisors, personal service occupations | 33,141 | 8.2 | 2095 | Service |
258 |
Material moving equipment operators, n.e.c. | 33,127 | 4.2 | 2069 | Transportation |
259 |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks | 33,110 | 3.1 | 2061 | Administrative support |
260 |
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping | 32,898 | 2.8 | 2068 | Administrative support |
|
|||||
261 |
Machinery maintenance occupations | 32,891 | 4.6 | 2066 | Precision production |
262 |
Numerical control machine operators | 32,849 | 3.8 | 2078 | Machine operators |
263 |
Weighers, measurers, checkers and samplers | 32,729 | 6.9 | 2073 | Administrative support |
264 |
Computer operators | 32,716 | 3.2 | 2063 | Administrative support |
265 |
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance | 32,549 | 2.3 | 2066 | Administrative support |
266 |
Carpenter apprentices | 32,542 | 7.9 | 2080 | Precision production |
267 |
Locksmiths and safe repairers | 32,434 | 8.8 | 2149 | Precision production |
268 |
Truck drivers | 32,395 | 2.2 | 2161 | Transportation |
269 |
Mixing and blending machine operators | 32,358 | 5 | 2043 | Machine operators |
270 |
Secretaries | 32,349 | 1 | 1994 | Administrative support |
|
|||||
271 |
Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers | 32,285 | 13.1 | 2080 | Precision production |
272 |
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians | 31,979 | 3.1 | 2059 | Precision production |
273 |
Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. | 31,693 | 8.1 | 2069 | Precision production |
274 |
Furnace, kiln and oven operators, except food | 31,443 | 6.8 | 2068 | Machine operators |
275 |
Farm equipment mechanics | 31,315 | 5.3 | 2154 | Precision production |
276 |
Electrician apprentices | 31,292 | 3.9 | 2067 | Precision production |
277 |
Garbage collectors | 31,284 | 8.2 | 2172 | Handlers |
278 |
Driver-sales workers | 31,263 | 6.4 | 2104 | Transportation |
279 |
Sales workers, parts | 31,069 | 5.9 | 2113 | Sales |
280 |
Small engine repairers | 31,036 | 8.3 | 2062 | Precision production |
|
|||||
281 |
Sales support occupations, n.e.c. | 30,999 | 6.5 | 2040 | Sales |
282 |
Statistical clerks | 30,586 | 4.5 | 2041 | Administrative support |
283 |
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks | 30,488 | 2.7 | 2048 | Administrative support |
284 |
Upholsterers | 30,474 | 16.2 | 2080 | Precision production |
285 |
Eligibility clerks, social welfare | 30,467 | 2.1 | 2021 | Administrative support |
286 |
Plasterers | 30,396 | 8.7 | 2048 | Precision production |
287 |
Painting and paint spraying machine operators | 30,374 | 3.4 | 2081 | Machine operators |
288 |
Order clerks | 30,315 | 3.1 | 2069 | Administrative support |
289 |
Typesetters and compositors | 30,179 | 6.5 | 2011 | Machine operators |
290 |
Plumber, pipefitter and steamfitter apprentices | 30,166 | 4.5 | 2078 | Precision production |
|
|||||
291 |
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies | 30,104 | 5.4 | 2109 | Sales |
292 |
Transportation ticket and reservation agents | 30,044 | 6 | 2054 | Administrative support |
293 |
Typists | 29,900 | 2.3 | 1991 | Administrative support |
294 |
Machine operators, n.e.c. | 29,736 | 2.8 | 2060 | Machine operators |
295 |
Precious stones and metals workers | 29,727 | 14.8 | 2067 | Precision production |
296 |
Assemblers | 29,698 | 2.7 | 2074 | Machine operators |
297 |
Tailors | 29,674 | 13.3 | 2040 | Precision production |
298 |
Administrative support occupations, n.e.c. | 29,653 | 1.7 | 2035 | Administrative support |
299 |
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators | 29,642 | 2.6 | 2066 | Transportation |
300 |
Paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators | 29,623 | 19.7 | 1865 | Precision production |
|
|||||
301 |
Milling and planing machine operators | 29,593 | 5.1 | 2080 | Machine operators |
302 |
Rolling machine operators | 29,568 | 10.4 | 2080 | Machine operators |
303 |
Guides | 29,523 | 8.3 | 2026 | Service |
304 |
Folding machine operators | 29,485 | 10.1 | 2080 | Machine operators |
305 |
Painters, construction and maintenance | 29,466 | 4.6 | 2025 | Precision production |
306 |
Correspondence clerks | 29,459 | 3.6 | 2080 | Administrative support |
307 |
Peripheral equipment operators | 29,368 | 8.2 | 2053 | Administrative support |
308 |
Automobile mechanic apprentices | 29,318 | 12 | 2124 | Precision production |
309 |
Bill and account collectors | 29,144 | 6.7 | 2048 | Administrative support |
310 |
Slicing and cutting machine operators | 29,056 | 3.3 | 2074 | Machine operators |
|
|||||
311 |
Bookbinders | 29,055 | 10.7 | 2071 | Precision production |
312 |
Dental assistants | 28,842 | 3.9 | 1889 | Service |
313 |
Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators | 28,783 | 10.7 | 2080 | Machine operators |
314 |
Metal plating machine operators | 28,562 | 6.3 | 2074 | Machine operators |
315 |
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners | 28,558 | 4.4 | 2067 | Machine operators |
316 |
Crushing and grinding machine operators | 28,524 | 7.6 | 2034 | Machine operators |
317 |
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators | 28,494 | 5.5 | 2029 | Administrative support |
318 |
Forging machine operators | 28,405 | 9.5 | 2065 | Machine operators |
319 |
Extruding and forming machine operators | 28,398 | 4.5 | 2055 | Machine operators |
320 |
Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. | 28,388 | 6.3 | 1993 | Professional |
|
|||||
321 |
Telephone operators | 28,381 | 7.2 | 2017 | Administrative support |
322 |
Sailors and deckhands | 28,350 | 4.6 | 2393 | Transportation |
323 |
Construction laborers | 28,263 | 3.4 | 1994 | Handlers |
324 |
Records clerks, n.e.c. | 28,225 | 1.9 | 2036 | Administrative support |
325 |
Sales workers, other commodities | 28,137 | 4.6 | 2042 | Sales |
326 |
Punching and stamping press operators | 28,132 | 7.7 | 2080 | Machine operators |
327 |
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks | 28,030 | 2.6 | 2072 | Administrative support |
328 |
Bus drivers | 28,017 | 2.8 | 1728 | Transportation |
329 |
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators | 28,008 | 2.6 | 2076 | Machine operators |
330 |
Information clerks, n.e.c. | 27,978 | 2.2 | 2057 | Administrative support |
|
|||||
331 |
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations | 27,856 | 2.9 | 2060 | Service |
332 |
Packaging and filling machine operators | 27,668 | 3.9 | 2067 | Machine operators |
333 |
Winding and twisting machine operators | 27,619 | 8.9 | 2068 | Machine operators |
334 |
General office clerks | 27,459 | 1.1 | 2025 | Administrative support |
335 |
Furniture and wood finishers | 27,412 | 7 | 2080 | Precision production |
336 |
Hairdressers and cosmetologists | 27,331 | 11.4 | 1973 | Service |
337 |
Billing clerks | 27,240 | 2.6 | 2064 | Administrative support |
338 |
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters | 27,141 | 6.1 | 2079 | Precision production |
339 |
Production samplers and weighers | 27,075 | 14.8 | 2080 | Machine operators |
340 |
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers | 26,987 | 4 | 2076 | Precision production |
|
|||||
341 |
Production testers | 26,972 | 8 | 2073 | Machine operators |
342 |
Drilling and boring machine operators | 26,970 | 11.1 | 2075 | Machine operators |
343 |
Roasting and baking machine operators, food | 26,799 | 9.8 | 2080 | Machine operators |
344 |
Shaping and joining machine operators | 26,775 | 2.9 | 2079 | Machine operators |
345 |
Stock and inventory clerks | 26,642 | 2.5 | 2062 | Administrative support |
346 |
Molding and casting machine operators | 26,516 | 3.8 | 2064 | Machine operators |
347 |
Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. | 26,460 | 2.7 | 2069 | Handlers |
348 |
Protective service occupations, n.e.c. | 26,413 | 10.6 | 1908 | Service |
349 |
Motor transport occupations, n.e.c. | 26,141 | 5.9 | 2035 | Transportation |
350 |
Hand working occupations, n.e.c. | 26,102 | 6.4 | 2057 | Machine operators |
|
|||||
351 |
Classified ad clerks | 25,846 | 7.4 | 2017 | Administrative support |
352 |
Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators | 25,816 | 6.9 | 2057 | Administrative support |
353 |
Mail clerks, except postal service | 25,799 | 6.7 | 2016 | Administrative support |
354 |
Cost and rate clerks | 25,738 | 12.6 | 2097 | Administrative support |
355 |
Data entry keyers | 25,621 | 2.4 | 2049 | Administrative support |
356 |
Interviewers | 25,278 | 4.1 | 2054 | Administrative support |
357 |
Food batchmakers | 25,247 | 9.7 | 2090 | Precision production |
358 |
Helpers, construction trades | 25,180 | 4.1 | 2035 | Handlers |
359 |
Duplicating machine operators | 25,128 | 9.1 | 2043 | Administrative support |
360 |
Cementing and gluing machine operators | 24,965 | 9.8 | 2080 | Machine operators |
|
|||||
361 |
Photographic process machine operators | 24,842 | 5.4 | 2021 | Machine operators |
362 |
Compressing and compacting machine operators | 24,713 | 4.4 | 2075 | Machine operators |
363 |
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution clerks, n.e.c. | 24,672 | 4.5 | 2070 | Administrative support |
364 |
Service occupations, n.e.c. | 24,519 | 5.9 | 2032 | Service |
365 |
Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators | 24,498 | 7.3 | 2080 | Machine operators |
366 |
Helpers, mechanics and repairers | 24,399 | 6.1 | 2059 | Handlers |
367 |
Sawing machine operators | 24,379 | 4.8 | 2072 | Machine operators |
368 |
Health aides, except nursing | 24,374 | 2.8 | 2041 | Service |
369 |
Butchers and meat cutters | 24,356 | 4.2 | 2060 | Precision production |
370 |
Animal caretakers, except farm | 24,327 | 8 | 2056 | Handlers |
|
|||||
371 |
Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. | 23,968 | 2.9 | 2057 | Handlers |
372 |
Library clerks | 23,920 | 3.2 | 1817 | Administrative support |
373 |
Bakers | 23,913 | 4.6 | 2045 | Precision production |
374 |
Knitting, looping, taping and weaving machine operators | 23,886 | 1.9 | 2077 | Machine operators |
375 |
Production helpers | 23,841 | 3.2 | 2067 | Handlers |
376 |
Hand inspectors, n.e.c. | 23,730 | 7.7 | 2076 | Machine operators |
377 |
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm | 23,691 | 4 | 1962 | Handlers |
378 |
Receptionists | 23,589 | 2 | 2048 | Administrative support |
379 |
Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. | 23,324 | 11.7 | 1912 | Administrative support |
380 |
Janitors and cleaners | 23,310 | 2 | 2041 | Service |
|
|||||
381 |
Solderers and braziers | 23,189 | 10.9 | 2080 | Machine operators |
382 |
Stock handlers and baggers | 23,078 | 1.9 | 2058 | Handlers |
383 |
File clerks | 23,038 | 2.9 | 2031 | Administrative support |
384 |
Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations | 22,489 | 12.2 | 2070 | Machine operators |
385 |
Bank tellers | 22,317 | 1.8 | 2049 | Administrative support |
386 |
Welfare service aides | 22,161 | 4.2 | 2002 | Service |
387 |
Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations | 22,100 | 12.1 | 2080 | Machine operators |
388 |
Machine feeders and offbearers | 22,095 | 3.8 | 2068 | Handlers |
389 |
Nursery workers | 21,671 | 9.5 | 1937 | Handlers |
390 |
Sales workers, apparel | 21,510 | 9.7 | 1933 | Sales |
|
|||||
391 |
Sales workers, shoes | 21,466 | 11.5 | 1957 | Sales |
392 |
Surveyor helpers | 21,429 | 5.8 | 2056 | Handlers |
393 |
Graders and sorters, except agricultural | 21,398 | 5.7 | 2032 | Machine operators |
394 |
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners | 21,156 | 3.7 | 2079 | Handlers |
395 |
Inspectors, agricultural products | 21,113 | 17.5 | 2053 | Handlers |
396 |
Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances | 21,082 | 9.5 | 2058 | Sales |
397 |
Sales counter clerks | 21,062 | 4.9 | 2014 | Sales |
398 |
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants | 20,959 | 1.1 | 2015 | Service |
399 |
Textile cutting machine operators | 20,896 | 5 | 2010 | Machine operators |
400 |
Office machine operators, n.e.c. | 20,771 | 6.4 | 2060 | Administrative support |
|
|||||
401 |
Parking lot attendants | 20,629 | 10.7 | 2080 | Transportation |
402 |
Guards and police, except public service | 20,612 | 2.2 | 2052 | Service |
403 |
Messengers | 20,594 | 10.7 | 2045 | Administrative support |
404 |
Hand packers and packagers | 20,419 | 4.5 | 2038 | Handlers |
405 |
Hand cutting and trimming occupations | 20,098 | 12 | 2075 | Machine operators |
406 |
Legislators | 20,013 | 30.7 | 1300 | Executive |
407 |
Cooks | 19,818 | 1.5 | 1980 | Service |
408 |
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs | 19,677 | 6.8 | 2015 | Transportation |
409 |
Garage and service station related occupations | 19,527 | 6.7 | 2068 | Handlers |
410 |
Helpers, extractive occupations | 19,513 | 16.2 | 1898 | Handlers |
|
|||||
411 |
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators | 19,417 | 6.6 | 2048 | Machine operators |
412 |
Cashiers | 19,305 | 1.8 | 2033 | Sales |
413 |
Pressing machine operators | 19,056 | 5 | 2065 | Machine operators |
414 |
Textile sewing machine operators | 18,385 | 6.1 | 2035 | Machine operators |
415 |
Child care workers, n.e.c. | 18,325 | 5 | 1945 | Service |
416 |
Hotel clerks | 18,255 | 2.4 | 2022 | Administrative support |
417 |
Kitchen workers, food preparation | 17,001 | 2.6 | 1933 | Service |
418 |
Maids and housemen | 16,646 | 1.8 | 1997 | Service |
419 |
Early childhood teachers' assistants | 16,138 | 5 | 1813 | Service |
420 |
Food preparation occupations, n.e.c. | 16,109 | 1.4 | 1937 | Service |
|
|||||
421 |
Teachers aides | 15,284 | 1.6 | 1376 | Administrative support |
422 |
Baggage porters and bellhops | 14,970 | 6 | 1993 | Service |
423 |
Substitute teachers | 14,841 | 15.2 | 1237 | Professional |
424 |
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities | 14,637 | 4.6 | 2021 | Service |
425 |
Bartenders | 13,284 | 6.2 | 1944 | Service |
426 |
Waiters'/waitresses' assistants | 12,432 | 6.3 | 1966 | Service |
427 |
Waiters and waitresses | 8,789 | 5.3 | 1906 | Service |
|
Footnotes: |
|||||
|
NOTE: The n.e.c. reference after some occupational titles means "not elsewhere classified." |
|||||
| Major occupational group | Highest-paying occupation | Lowest-paying occupation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupation | Mean annual earnings | Rank | Occupation | Mean annual earnings | Rank | |
Professional and technical |
Physicians | $128,689 | 1 | Substitute teachers | $14,841 | 423 |
Executive |
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations | 103,704 | 7 | Legislators | 20,013 | 406 |
Sales occupations |
Security and financial services sales occupations | 94,005 | 10 | Cashiers | 19,305 | 412 |
Administrative support |
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks | 44,840 | 157 | Teachers' aides | 15,284 | 421 |
Precision production |
Drillers, oil well | 62,409 | 62 | Bakers | 23,913 | 373 |
Machine operators |
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators | 40,659 | 188 | Textile sewing machine operators | 18,385 | 414 |
Transportation |
Railroad conductors and yard masters | 57,925 | 79 | Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs | 19,677 | 408 |
Handlers |
Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. | 39,260 | 199 | Helpers, extractive occupations | 19,513 | 410 |
Service occupations |
Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations | 68,673 | 43 | Waiters and waitresses | 8,789 | 427 |
| Occupation | Ranked by annual rates | Ranked by hourly rates |
|---|---|---|
Physicians |
1 | 6 |
Airplane pilots and navigators |
2 | 1 |
Medical science teachers |
3 | 9 |
Judges |
4 | 5 |
Optometrists |
5 | 4 |
Lawyers |
6 | 13 |
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations |
7 | 12 |
Chief executives and general administrators, public administration |
8 | 11 |
Economics teachers |
9 | 2 |
Securities and financial services sales occupations |
10 | 15 |
Announcers |
11 | 14 |
Engineering teachers |
12 | 7 |
Petroleum engineers |
13 | 18 |
Law teachers |
14 | 3 |
Pharmacists |
15 | 19 |
Aerospace engineers |
16 | 25 |
Dentists |
17 | 31 |
Managers and administrators, n.e.c. |
18 | 35 |
Physicists and astronomers |
19 | 30 |
Electrical and electronic engineers |
20 | 37 |
Chemical engineers |
21 | 34 |
Financial managers |
22 | 39 |
Sales engineers |
23 | 43 |
Physics teachers |
24 | 8 |
Nuclear engineers |
25 | 40 |
Business, commerce, and marketing teachers |
50 | 21 |
Biological science teachers |
33 | 23 |
Social science teachers, n.e.c. |
49 | 24 |
English teachers |
42 | 16 |
Sociology teachers |
35 | 17 |
Computer science teachers |
51 | 20 |
Theology teachers |
67 | 22 |
|
NOTE: Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers ranked 26th on an annual earnings basis and 10th on the hourly scale. |
||
| Rank | Occupation |
|---|---|
115 |
Accountants and auditors |
71 |
Actors and directors |
32 |
Actuaries |
212 |
Adjusters and calibrators |
298 |
Administrative support occupations, n.e.c. |
56 |
Administrators and officials, public administration |
41 |
Administrators, education and related fields |
155 |
Advertising and related sales occupations |
16 |
Aerospace engineers |
72 |
Agricultural and food scientists |
63 |
Agriculture and forestry teachers |
88 |
Aircraft engine mechanics |
99 |
Aircraft mechanics, except engines |
2 |
Airplane pilots and navigators |
370 |
Animal caretakers, except farm |
11 |
Announcers |
45 |
Architects |
126 |
Archivists and curators |
102 |
Art, drama, and music teachers |
320 |
Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. |
296 |
Assemblers |
87 |
Athletes |
424 |
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities |
252 |
Automobile body and related repairers |
308 |
Automobile mechanic apprentices |
201 |
Automobile mechanics |
422 |
Baggage porters and bellhops |
373 |
Bakers |
385 |
Bank tellers |
425 |
Bartenders |
309 |
Bill and account collectors |
337 |
Billing clerks |
317 |
Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators |
82 |
Biological and life scientists |
33 |
Biological science teachers |
213 |
Biological technicians |
226 |
Boilermakers |
311 |
Bookbinders |
283 |
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks |
93 |
Brickmasons and stonemasons |
235 |
Broadcast equipment operators |
328 |
Bus drivers |
206 |
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics |
131 |
Business and promotion agents |
50 |
Business, commerce, and marketing teachers |
369 |
Butchers and meat cutters |
89 |
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products |
338 |
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters |
266 |
Carpenter apprentices |
196 |
Carpenters |
175 |
Carpet installers |
412 |
Cashiers |
360 |
Cementing and gluing machine operators |
21 |
Chemical engineers |
168 |
Chemical technicians |
74 |
Chemistry teachers |
59 |
Chemists, except biochemists |
172 |
Chief communications operators |
8 |
Chief executives and general administrators, public administration |
415 |
Child care workers, n.e.c. |
55 |
Civil engineers |
351 |
Classified ad clerks |
181 |
Clergy |
222 |
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians |
379 |
Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. |
362 |
Compressing and compacting machine operators |
264 |
Computer operators |
70 |
Computer programmers |
51 |
Computer science teachers |
29 |
Computer systems analysts and scientists |
215 |
Concrete and terrazzo finishers |
134 |
Construction inspectors |
323 |
Construction laborers |
228 |
Construction trades, n.e.c. |
407 |
Cooks |
225 |
Correctional institution officers |
306 |
Correspondence clerks |
354 |
Cost and rate clerks |
233 |
Crane and tower operators |
316 |
Crushing and grinding machine operators |
355 |
Data entry keyers |
180 |
Data processing equipment repairers |
312 |
Dental assistants |
84 |
Dental hygienists |
272 |
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians |
17 |
Dentists |
149 |
Designers |
167 |
Dietitians |
229 |
Dispatchers |
158 |
Drafters |
62 |
Drillers, oil well |
342 |
Drilling and boring machine operators |
278 |
Driver-sales workers |
248 |
Drywall installers |
359 |
Duplicating machine operators |
419 |
Early childhood teachers' assistants |
26 |
Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers |
9 |
Economics teachers |
34 |
Economists |
96 |
Editors and reporters |
73 |
Education teachers |
20 |
Electrical and electronic engineers |
340 |
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers |
130 |
Electrical and electronic technicians |
90 |
Electrical power installers and repairers |
276 |
Electrician apprentices |
108 |
Electricians |
151 |
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment |
152 |
Elementary school teachers |
285 |
Eligibility clerks, social welfare |
12 |
Engineering teachers |
132 |
Engineering technicians, n.e.c. |
27 |
Engineers, n.e.c. |
42 |
English teachers |
241 |
Excavating and loading machine operators |
238 |
Expeditors |
319 |
Extruding and forming machine operators |
256 |
Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. |
275 |
Farm equipment mechanics |
383 |
File clerks |
22 |
Financial managers |
187 |
Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations |
136 |
Firefighting occupations |
304 |
Folding machine operators |
357 |
Food batchmakers |
420 |
Food preparation occupations, n.e.c. |
98 |
Foreign language teachers |
169 |
Forestry and conservation scientists |
318 |
Forging machine operators |
347 |
Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. |
103 |
Funeral directors |
274 |
Furnace, kiln and oven operators, except food |
335 |
Furniture and wood finishers |
409 |
Garage and service station related occupations |
277 |
Garbage collectors |
334 |
General office clerks |
38 |
Geologists and geodesists |
210 |
Glaziers |
249 |
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators |
393 |
Graders and sorters, except agricultural |
329 |
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators |
377 |
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm |
402 |
Guards and police, except public service |
303 |
Guides |
336 |
Hairdressers and cosmetologists |
405 |
Hand cutting and trimming occupations |
236 |
Hand engraving and printing occupations |
376 |
Hand inspectors, n.e.c. |
271 |
Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers |
387 |
Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations |
404 |
Hand packers and packagers |
384 |
Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations |
350 |
Hand working occupations, n.e.c. |
368 |
Health aides, except nursing |
30 |
Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. |
232 |
Health record technologists and technicians |
40 |
Health specialties teachers |
239 |
Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. |
247 |
Heat treating equipment operators |
223 |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics |
200 |
Heavy equipment mechanics |
358 |
Helpers, construction trades |
410 |
Helpers, extractive occupations |
366 |
Helpers, mechanics and repairers |
65 |
History teachers |
416 |
Hotel clerks |
251 |
Household appliance and power tool repairers |
129 |
Industrial engineering technicians |
47 |
Industrial engineers |
171 |
Industrial machinery repairers |
299 |
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators |
330 |
Information clerks, n.e.c. |
143 |
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction |
395 |
Inspectors, agricultural products |
192 |
Inspectors, testers and graders |
218 |
Insulation workers |
204 |
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators |
125 |
Insurance sales occupations |
356 |
Interviewers |
265 |
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance |
380 |
Janitors and cleaners |
4 |
Judges |
417 |
Kitchen workers, food preparation |
374 |
Knitting, looping, taping and weaving machine operators |
371 |
Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. |
234 |
Lathe and turning-machine operators |
243 |
Lathe and turning-machine set-up operators |
411 |
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators |
14 |
Law teachers |
6 |
Lawyers |
197 |
Layout workers |
189 |
Legal assistants |
406 |
Legislators |
117 |
Librarians |
372 |
Library clerks |
244 |
Licensed practical nurses |
267 |
Locksmiths and safe repairers |
81 |
Locomotive operating occupations |
114 |
Longshore equipment operators |
388 |
Machine feeders and offbearers |
294 |
Machine operators, n.e.c. |
261 |
Machinery maintenance occupations |
186 |
Machinists |
418 |
Maids and housemen |
353 |
Mail clerks, except postal service |
352 |
Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators |
69 |
Management analysts |
104 |
Management related occupations, n.e.c. |
18 |
Managers and administrators, n.e.c. |
161 |
Managers, food serving and lodging establishments |
7 |
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations |
37 |
Managers, medicine and health |
165 |
Managers, properties and real estate |
61 |
Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. |
209 |
Marine engineers |
258 |
Material moving equipment operators, n.e.c. |
363 |
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution clerks, n.e.c. |
64 |
Mathematical science teachers |
140 |
Mechanical controls and valve repairers |
127 |
Mechanical engineering technicians |
48 |
Mechanical engineers |
242 |
Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. |
3 |
Medical science teachers |
110 |
Medical scientists |
403 |
Messengers |
314 |
Metal plating machine operators |
60 |
Metallurgical and materials engineers |
216 |
Meter readers |
301 |
Milling and planing machine operators |
139 |
Millwrights |
178 |
Mining machine operators |
97 |
Mining occupations, n.e.c. |
162 |
Miscellaneous plant and systems operators, n.e.c. |
273 |
Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. |
269 |
Mixing and blending machine operators |
346 |
Molding and casting machine operators |
349 |
Motor transport occupations, n.e.c. |
76 |
Musicians and composers |
75 |
Natural science teachers, n.e.c. |
25 |
Nuclear engineers |
262 |
Numerical control machine operators |
389 |
Nursery workers |
398 |
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants |
119 |
Occupational therapists |
400 |
Office machine operators, n.e.c. |
240 |
Office machine repairers |
194 |
Operating engineers |
28 |
Operations and systems researchers and analysts |
5 |
Optometrists |
288 |
Order clerks |
31 |
Other financial officers |
332 |
Packaging and filling machine operators |
305 |
Painters, construction and maintenance |
148 |
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers |
287 |
Painting and paint spraying machine operators |
401 |
Parking lot attendants |
166 |
Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal |
207 |
Patternmakers and modelmakers, wood |
220 |
Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters |
300 |
Paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators |
259 |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks |
307 |
Peripheral equipment operators |
39 |
Personnel and labor relations managers |
260 |
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping |
121 |
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists |
13 |
Petroleum engineers |
15 |
Pharmacists |
224 |
Photoengravers and lithographers |
245 |
Photographers |
361 |
Photographic process machine operators |
94 |
Physical education teachers |
53 |
Physical scientists, n.e.c. |
78 |
Physical therapists |
1 |
Physicians |
36 |
Physicians' assistants |
19 |
Physicists and astronomers |
24 |
Physics teachers |
286 |
Plasterers |
290 |
Plumber, pipefitter and steamfitter apprentices |
135 |
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters |
122 |
Police and detectives, public service |
91 |
Political science teachers |
83 |
Power plant operators |
295 |
Precious stones and metals workers |
179 |
Precision assemblers, metal |
219 |
Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners |
145 |
Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers, n.e.c. |
250 |
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers |
413 |
Pressing machine operators |
254 |
Printing press operators |
208 |
Production coordinators |
375 |
Production helpers |
315 |
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners |
339 |
Production samplers and weighers |
341 |
Production testers |
54 |
Professional occupations, n.e.c. |
214 |
Proofreaders |
348 |
Protective service occupations, n.e.c. |
112 |
Psychologists |
68 |
Psychology teachers |
80 |
Public relations specialists |
253 |
Public transportation attendants |
326 |
Punching and stamping press operators |
113 |
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products |
107 |
Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. |
52 |
Purchasing managers |
133 |
Radiologic technicians |
156 |
Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. |
79 |
Railroad conductors and yardmasters |
57 |
Real estate sales occupations |
378 |
Receptionists |
324 |
Records clerks, n.e.c. |
231 |
Recreation workers |
100 |
Registered nurses |
217 |
Religious workers, n.e.c. |
164 |
Respiratory therapists |
343 |
Roasting and baking machine operators, food |
302 |
Rolling machine operators |
237 |
Roofers |
322 |
Sailors and deckhands |
397 |
Sales counter clerks |
23 |
Sales engineers |
101 |
Sales occupations, other business services |
86 |
Sales representative mining, manufacturing, and wholesale |
281 |
Sales support occupations, n.e.c. |
390 |
Sales workers, apparel |
221 |
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings |
291 |
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies |
142 |
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats |
325 |
Sales workers, other commodities |
279 |
Sales workers, parts |
396 |
Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances |
391 |
Sales workers, shoes |
367 |
Sawing machine operators |
176 |
Science technicians, n.e.c. |
146 |
Secondary school teachers |
270 |
Secretaries |
10 |
Securities and financial services sales occupations |
188 |
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators |
364 |
Service occupations, n.e.c. |
344 |
Shaping and joining machine operators |
118 |
Sheetmetal duct installers |
202 |
Sheetmetal workers |
191 |
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers |
184 |
Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats |
310 |
Slicing and cutting machine operators |
280 |
Small engine repairers |
49 |
Social science teachers, n.e.c. |
123 |
Social scientists, n.e.c. |
211 |
Social workers |
35 |
Sociology teachers |
381 |
Solderers and braziers |
154 |
Speech therapists |
147 |
Stationary engineers |
282 |
Statistical clerks |
109 |
Statisticians |
227 |
Stenographers |
345 |
Stock and inventory clerks |
382 |
Stock handlers and baggers |
150 |
Street and door-to-door sales workers |
182 |
Structural metal workers |
423 |
Substitute teachers |
120 |
Supervisors, agriculture-related workers |
153 |
Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons and tilesetters |
92 |
Supervisors, carpenters and related workers |
230 |
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers |
205 |
Supervisors, computer equipment operators |
163 |
Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. |
157 |
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks |
66 |
Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers |
85 |
Supervisors, extractive occupations |
170 |
Supervisors, financial records processing |
43 |
Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations |
331 |
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations |
193 |
Supervisors, general office |
183 |
Supervisors, guards |
199 |
Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. |
144 |
Supervisors, material moving equipment operators |
116 |
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers |
195 |
Supervisors, motor vehicle operators |
159 |
Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers |
257 |
Supervisors, personal service occupations |
77 |
Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters |
58 |
Supervisors, police and detectives |
160 |
Supervisors, production occupations |
173 |
Supervisors, sales occupations |
255 |
Surveying and mapping technicians |
392 |
Surveyor helpers |
46 |
Surveyors and mapping scientists |
297 |
Tailors |
408 |
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs |
421 |
Teachers aides |
137 |
Teachers, n.e.c. |
141 |
Teachers, special education |
177 |
Technical and related occupations, n.e.c. |
44 |
Technical writers |
124 |
Telephone installers and repairers |
105 |
Telephone line installers and repairers |
321 |
Telephone operators |
399 |
Textile cutting machine operators |
414 |
Textile sewing machine operators |
67 |
Theology teachers |
198 |
Therapists, n.e.c. |
185 |
Tile setters, hard and soft |
203 |
Tool and die maker apprentices |
128 |
Tool and die makers |
174 |
Tool programmers, numerical control |
106 |
Trade and industrial teachers |
327 |
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks |
292 |
Transportation ticket and reservation agents |
268 |
Truck drivers |
289 |
Typesetters and compositors |
293 |
Typists |
111 |
Underwriters |
284 |
Upholsterers |
95 |
Urban planners |
394 |
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners |
138 |
Vocational and educational counselors |
427 |
Waiters and waitresses |
426 |
Waiters'/waitresses' assistants |
313 |
Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators |
190 |
Water and sewer treatment plant operators |
263 |
Weighers, measurers, checkers and samplers |
246 |
Welders and cutters |
386 |
Welfare service aides |
333 |
Winding and twisting machine operators |
365 |
Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators |