Table 3. Percent of participants in defined benefit pension plans by vesting provisions, 1980-2002
Year 10 year cliff vesting(1) 5 year cliff vesting(1) Other vesting provision(2)

1980

 89 - 11

1985

 86 - 14

1989

 38 50 12

1995

 6 90 4

2000

 1 91 8

2002

 1 82 17

Footnotes:
(1) Under cliff vesting, no benefit is available until the specified years of service are met.
(2) Other vesting provisions include cliff vesting at different years, graded vesting (which gives employees the right to an increasing amount of benefit over time), immediate vesting, and cases where the vesting provisions are unknown.

NOTE: Dashes indicate data not available.