STATUS: Locally fairly common.
HABITAT: Occurs in oak and pine-oak forests in mountain canyons, and in sycamore, walnut, and cottonwood groves along canyon streams.
SPECIAL HABITAT REQUIREMENTS: Natural cavities in trees or large, deserted woodpecker holes.
NEST: Builds nest inside cavities of large streamside trees such as sycamores or cottonwoods, 12 to 40 feet above the ground.
FOOD: Primarily eats insects and some fruits.
REFERENCES: Bent 1940a, Cottam and Knappen 1939, Oberholser 1974a, Terres 1980, Terrill in Farrand 1983b.