STATUS: Common.
HABITAT: Prefers bogs, wet meadows, and riparian thickets. Also inhabits hedgerows, fencerows, and the understory of open woodlands, as well as forest edges, clearings, and shrubby areas.
SPECIAL HABITAT REQUIREMENTS: Thickets along the edge of fields, waterways, or in wet meadows.
NEST: Usually places nest on the ground in a shallow depression. Builds a rather frail structure of leaves, moss, and some grasses.
FOOD: Eats both animal and vegetable materials. During breeding season, mostly eats animal material, including a variety of insects, spiders, and millipedes. During winter, mostly eats grain and grass seed.
REFERENCES: Forbush and May 1955.