STATUS: Uncommon and local.
HABITAT: Generally inhabits cold, damp black spruce and tamarack bogs, and prefers areas with scattered trees and grassy openings. At the extremes of the breeding range, inhabits well-drained ridges or poplar and aspen woods.
NEST: Conceals nest in a mound of moss or beside a clump of dry grass on or near the ground. Usually nests in open forests with widely spaced trees such as aspen and balsam.
FOOD: Mostly eats spiders gleaned from the ground or low branches, but also eats insects, their larvae and eggs.
REFERENCES: Griscom and Sprunt 1979, Walkinshaw and Dyer 1961, Harrison 1975.