STATUS: Common.
HABITAT: Generally found in oak woodlands and pine-oak associations from 5,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation. In winter, may move down slope along streams where cottonwoods are present.
SPECIAL HABITAT REQUIREMENTS: Natural cavities in living or dead oaks.
NEST: Usually builds nest in natural cavities of dead and living oak, but will also use cavities in cottonwood, willow, and mesquite.
FOOD: Spends much of its time foraging in crevices in bark, on tree trunks, and on branches, presumably for adults, larvae, and eggs of insects.
REFERENCES: Bent 1946, Phillips et al. 1964, Terres 1980.