Contents
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Entire Document
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2006-109.pdf
(816KB; 128 pgs) |
Introduction |
2006-109Intro.pdf
(142KB; 12 pgs) |
Section I:
The Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey |
2006-109Sec1.pdf
(146KB; 14 pgs) |
Section II: National
Demographic, Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than
20 Years of Age on Hispanic Farm Operations
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2006-109Sec2.pdf
(423KB; 64 pgs) |
Appendix A: Bibliography
of NIOSH Childhood Agricultural Injury Articles and Documents |
2006-109AppA.pdf
(94KB; 8 pgs) |
Appendix B: Minority Farm
Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey Questionnaire |
2006-109AppB.pdf
(161KB; 16 pgs) |
Appendix C: Definitions Used
for the Hispanic Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury
Survey |
2006-109AppC.pdf
(70KB; 4 pgs) |
Appendix D: Sampling Estimators
Used for the Hispanic Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury
Survey |
2006-109AppD.pdf
(93KB; 5 pgs) |
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Foreword
In 1996, NIOSH began the Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
Initiative to prevent farm related injuries to the millions of youth
less than 20 years of age who are exposed to agricultural hazards
each year. Youth on farms may be exposed to a wide range of work
and non-work-related hazards, including falls, all-terrain vehicles
(ATVs), and animals. As a place of work and a place of residence,
the farm presents unique challenges for injury prevention.
The NIOSH initiative is based on a comprehensive program of surveillance,
research, and partnerships. In keeping with the breadth of the Initiative,
the following document presents national data for non-fatal youth
injuries on Hispanic farms for 2000. These data, drawn from a special
survey of minority farm operators across the U.S., indicate that
366 youth were injured on Hispanic farms during 2000. The causes
of these injuries included falls, animals, and vehicles such as
ATVs. This document, which is the second in a series of four publications,
fills a current data need by providing demographic information on
youth exposed to these hazards on Hispanic farm operations.
This document is an important step in understanding the magnitude
of youth injuries occurring on Hispanic-operated farms in the U.S.
We hope this information will serve as a valuable resource to federal,
state and local agencies; health and safety professionals; and farm
safety advocates in their efforts to develop focused and coordinated
strategies to prevent youth injuries on farms.
John Howard, M.D.
Director
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Doug Kleweno, Kevin Barnes, Montie
Tesky, Joe Samson, and Gail Gregory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) for their
invaluable assistance in the survey design, data collection, data
entry, and review of this work; all of the NASS State cooperators
who collected these data; Cheryl Paul of the Constella Group for
her efforts in completing the layout of the document; and Patricia
Ulakovic of NIOSH for her assistance in printing this document.
Public Health Summary
What is the purpose of this document?
This document provides previously unavailable youth demographic,
injury and asthma estimates at the national level for youth on Hispanic-operated
farms in the U.S. A Hispanic is defined as any person of Spanish,
Hispanic, or Latino origin. These data represent the initial step
in developing research and prevention programs to reduce the burden
of injury and asthma on Hispanic farms in the U.S.
What are the hazards?
According to data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there were 366
estimated youth less than 20 years of age injured on Hispanic farm
operations in the U.S. in 2000. Major causes of these injuries included
contact with objects and falls. In addition, there were an estimated
1,299 youth with asthma living on these farms. The injury and asthma
estimates reported here should be considered conservative because
of the potential for recall bias and other biases in the survey.
How are youth exposed or put at risk?
Exposures to farm hazards are not limited to youth who work on farms.
In addition to injuries sustained during work activities, youth
may be injured while living on farms, while visiting farms, or when
they accompany their working parents or adults into the fields.
The farm environment also contains many known triggers for asthma.
The injury and asthma hazards these youth encounter may be work
or non-work in nature, and make the farm a unique environment for
developing prevention strategies.
What recommendations have the federal government made to
protect the health of farm youth?
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) and its amendments set
standards for child labor in agriculture. However, the FLSA covers
only employees whose work involves production of agricultural goods,
which will leave the state through interstate commerce. In addition,
FLSA regulations do not apply to youth working for their parents
or guardian(s) on the family’s farm. Youth who work on farms
are often not protected by workplace safety and health regulations
from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) because
these youth frequently work for small operations that are not inspected
by OSHA, or because OSHA regulations do not apply to the farm household
members. For all youth on farms, there are no protections for injuries
from
hazards associated with non-work activities, which often expose
them to the same hazards as work activities. Given the limited protections
for youth on farms, there is a need for states and communities to
develop and implement programs to reduce childhood agricultural
injuries.
Where can more information be found?
Additional NIOSH documents and information on childhood agricultural
injuries or other related topics may be obtained by calling the
NIOSH toll-free number (1-800-35-NIOSH; 1-800-356-4674) or visiting
the NIOSH homepage http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/.
Disclaimer
Mention of the name of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In addition,
citations to Web sites do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the
sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore,
NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these Web sites.
This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied
or reprinted.
To receive documents or other information about occupational safety
and health topics, contact NIOSH at:
Publications Dissemination, EID
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
Telephone: 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674)
Fax: 1-513-533-8573
E-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov
or visit the NIOSH Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-109
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