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MSH80_blast_area_spirit_lake_with_rainier_10-04-80.jpg Spirit Lake, once surrounded by lush forest, is within the area devastated by blast. Remnants of the forest float on the surface of the lake. Another Cascade volcano, Mount Rainier (14,410 feet [4,392 meters]), is in the distance. The view is from the south.
USGS Photograph taken on October 4, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_st_helens_from_NE_with_spirit_lake_04-25-81.jpg Aerial view of Mount St. Helens from the northeast, with log-covered Spirit Lake in the lower half. Harry's Ridge is ridge on the right.
USGS Photograph taken April 25, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_st_helens_spirit_lake_reflection_05-19-82.jpg Mount St. Helens and the devastated area is now within the 110,000-acre Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, under jurisdiction of the United States Forest Service. Visitor centers, interpretive areas, and trails are being established as thousands of tourists, students, and scientists visit the monument daily. Mount St. Helens is once again considered to be one of the most beautiful and interesting of the Cascade volcanic peaks.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_spirit_lake_pump_station_09-23-83.jpg From late 1982 through the spring of 1985, a pump station operated at Spirit Lake to maintain that lake at a safe level. Without pumping, Spirit Lake was estimated to overtop its debris dam within a year.
USGS Photograph taken on September 23, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_spirit_lake_tunnel_10-02-86.jpg In the spring of 1985 a permanent tunnel was opened, allowing water to drain out of Spirit Lake safely. This tunnel is 11 feet (3.4 meters) in diameter and more than 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) in length. The water level of Spirit Lake is now maintained at approximately 100 feet (30 meters) below the estimated overtopping level.
USGS Photograph taken on October 2, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH84_castle_lake_debris_avalanche_march_1984.jpg The May 18, 1980 debris avalanche from Mount St. Helens covered over 24 square miles (62 square kilometers) of the upper Toutle River valley and blocked tributaries of the North Fork Toutle River. New lakes such as Castle Lake (pictured here) and Coldwater Lake were created.
USGS Photograph taken in March 1984 by Robert L. Schuster.
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MSH82_coldwater_lake_early_warning_gage_10-01-82.jpg One major concern to people living downstream of Mount St. Helens was a breakout of any of the impounded lakes, such as Coldwater or Castle Lakes, due to the instability of the debris dams blocking them. Flood waters from a breakout could be more catastrophic than the lahars of May 18, 1980. Gages, such as this Early Warning Gage on Coldwater Lake, were installed at lakes and streams surrounding the volcano. These gages continuously monitored changes in water levels. Major increases or decreases in levels trigger warnings which are telemetered to the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver.
USGS Photograph taken on October 1, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_coldwater_lake_outlet_channel_10-17-81.jpg Outlet channels were built at Castle Lake and Coldwater Lake (shown here) to stabilize water levels and prevent overtopping of the debris dams.
USGS Photograph taken in October 17, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_view_downstream_from_upper_muddy_10-24-80.jpg View looking downstream from Upper Muddy. Compare with image below, showing channel erosion.
USGS Photograph taken on October 24, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_view_downstream_from_upper_muddy_10-10-81.jpg View looking downstream from Upper Muddy. Compare with image above, showing channel erosion.
USGS Photograph taken on October 10, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_USGS_hydrologists_measure_erosion_06-26-81.jpg U.S. Geological Survey hydrologists measured changes in erosion along
the stream channels affected by the May 18, 1980 eruption.
These measurements were used to study the erosion processes and to
estimate the severity of the sedimentation problem. The view here
is along the Muddy River drainage, approximately one mile (1.5 kilometers)
southeast of the volcano's base. Rod person (lower left) and
instrument persons (upper right) give scale.
USGS Photograph taken on June 26, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_cross_section_survey_upper_pine_creek_10-09-80.jpg USGS hydrologists measure the cross section at Upper Pine Creek. Mount St. Helens steams in the background.
USGS Photograph taken on October 9, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH85_USGS_hydrologists_sample_sediment_04-27-85.jpg Hydrologists measured stream discharge and took water samples to determine how much sediment is suspended in the stream and how much sediment is moving along the streambed.
USGS Photograph taken on April 27, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_sediment_sampling_toutle_at_tower_road_12-12-82.jpg USGS hydrologists sample sediment moving down the Toutle River. View at Tower Road.
USGS Photograph taken on December 12, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_may18_lahar_toutle_river_I-5_bridge_07-06-80.jpg Toutle River, looking downstream towards the Interstate 5 bridge, from Old Pacific Highway bridge.
USGS Photograph taken July 6, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH98_hwy504_bridge_across_hoffstadt_creek_04-98.jpg Washington Highway 504 bridge crossing Hoffstadt Creek.
USGS Photograph taken in April 1998 by Ed Klimasauskas.
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CraterLake82_crater_lake_and_wizard_island_09-82.jpg Crater Lake and Wizard Island.
USGS Photograph taken in September 1982 by Lyn Topinka.
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Newberry85_newberry_caldera_obsidian_flow_08-20-85.jpg
Newberry Caldera, with the Big Obsidian Flow. Paulina Lake is on the left and East Lake is on the right.
USGS Photo taken August 20, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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Rainier87_tahoma_creek_debris_flow_deposit_10-01-87.jpg Debris flow deposit, Tahoma Creek, Mount Rainier, Washington.
USGS Photograph taken on October 1, 1987, by Lyn Topinka.
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Adams97_aerial_adams_debris_avalanche_09-08-97.jpg Aerial view, Mount Adams Debris Avalanche
USGS Photograph taken September 8, 1997, by Richard Iverson
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Adams97_aerial_adams_debris_aval_chute_09-08-97.jpg Aerial view, Mount Adams Debris Avalanche
USGS Photograph taken September 8, 1997, by Richard Iverson
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