Mallard Recruitment in the Agricultural Environment of North Dakota
Literature Cited
Anderson, D. R. 1975. Population ecology of the mallard. V. Temporal
and geographic estimates of survival, recovery, and harvest
rates. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 125. 110pp.
Anderson, D. R., and K. P. Burnham. 1976. Population ecology of the
mallard. VI. The effect of exploitation on survival. U.S. Fish
and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 128. 66pp.
Ankney, C. D., and C. D. MacInnes. 1978. Nutrient reserves and
reproductive performance of female lesser snow geese. Auk
95:459-471.
Bailey, R. O. 1981. A theoretical approach to problems in waterfowl
management. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 46:58-71.
Ball, I. J., D. S. Gilmer, L. M. Cowardin, and J. H. Riechmann. 1975.
Survival of wood duck and mallard broods in north-central
Minnesota. J. Wildl. Manage. 89:776-780.
Batt, B. D. J. 1979. Individual variation and the analysis of mallard
populations. Pages 95-102 in T. A. Bookhout, ed. Waterfowl
and wetlands--an integrated review. Proc. 1977 Symp. Midwest Fish
and Wildl. Conf., Madison, Wis. North Cent. Sect., The Wildl. Soc.
Batt, B. D. J., and H. H. Prince. 1978. Some reproductive parameters of
mallards in relation to age, captivity, and geographic origin.
J. Wildl. Manage. 42:834-842.
Batt, B. D. J., and H. H. Prince. 1979. Laying dates, clutch size and
egg weight of captive mallards. Condor 81:35-41.
Bellrose, F. C. 1976. Ducks, geese and swans of North America.
Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa. 543pp.
Boyd, H. 1981a. Prairie dabbling ducks, 1941-1990. Can. Wildl.
Serv. Prog. Notes 119. 9pp.
Boyd, H. 1981b. A fair future for prairie ducks; cloudy further
north. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 46:85-93.
Caldwell, P. J., and G. W. Cornwell. 1975. Incubation behavior and
temperatures of the mallard duck. Auk 92:706-731.
Couch, F. G., and H. Boyd. 1984. Changes in the net export of mallards
from western Canada. Can. Wildl. Serv. Prog. Notes 142. 27pp.
Coulter, M. W., and W. R. Miller. 1968. Nesting biology of black ducks
and mallards in northern New England. Vt. Fish and Game Dep.
Bull. 68-2. 74pp.
Cowardin, L. M., D. S. Gilmer, and L. M. Mechlin. 1981. Characteristics
of central North Dakota wetlands determined from sample aerial
photographs and ground study. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 9:280-288.
Cowardin, L. M., and D. H. Johnson. 1979. Mathematics and mallard
management. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:18-35.
Cowardin, L. M., D. H. Johnson, A. M. Frank, and A. T. Klett. 1983.
Simulating results of management actions on mallard production.
Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 48:257-271.
Duebbert, H. F., and H. A. Kantrud. 1974. Upland duck nesting related
to land use and predator reduction. J. Wildl. Manage. 38:257-265.
Dwyer, T. J. 1972. An adjustable radio-package for ducks. Bird-Banding
43:282-284.
Dzubin, A. 1969a. Assessing breeding populations of ducks by
ground counts. Pages 178-230 in Saskatoon wetlands
seminar. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep. Ser. 6.
Dzubin, A. 1969b. Comments on the carrying capacity of small
ponds for ducks. Pages 138-160 in Saskatoon wetlands
seminar. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep. Ser. 6.
Dzubin, A., and J. B. Gollop. 1972. Aspects of mallard breeding
ecology in Canadian parkland and grassland. Pages 113-152
in Population ecology of migratory birds--a symposium.
U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Res. Rep. 2.
Eberhardt, L. E., and A. B. Sargeant. 1977. Mink predation on prairie
marshes during the waterfowl breeding season. Pages 33-43
in R. L. Phillips and C. Jonkel, eds. Proc. 1975 Predator
Symp., Montana For. Conserv. Exp. Stn., Univ. Montana, Missoula.
Einarsen, A. S. 1956. Determination of some predator species by field
signs. Oreg. State Monogr. Stud. Zool. 10. 34pp.
Gates, J. M. 1965. Duck nesting and production on Wisconsin farmlands.
J. Wildl. Manage. 29:515-523.
Gilmer, D. S., I. J. Ball, L. M. Cowardin, and J. H. Riechmann. 1974.
Effects of radio packages on wild ducks. J. Wildl. Manage.
38:243-252.
Gilmer, D. S., I. J. Ball, L. M. Cowardin, J. H. Riechmann, and J. R.
Tester. 1975. Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in
Minnesota. J. Wildl. Manage. 39:781-789.
Gilmer, D. S., L. M. Cowardin, R. L. Duval, L. M. Mechlin, C. W.
Shaiffer, and V. B. Kuechle. 1981. Procedures for the use of
aircraft in wildlife biotelemetry studies. U.S. Fish and
Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 140. 19pp.
Gilmer, D. S., R. E. Kirby, I. J. Ball, and J. H. Riechmann. 1977.
Post-breeding activities of mallards and wood ducks in
north-central Minnesota. J. Wildl. Manage. 41:345-359.
Girard, G. L. 1941. The mallard: its management in western Montana.
J. Wildl. Manage. 5:233-259.
Gollop, J. B., and W. H. Marshall. 1954. A guide for aging duck
broods in the field. Miss. Flyway Counc., Tech. Sect.
Minneapolis, Minn. (Mimeogr.)
Hammond, M. C., and D. H. Johnson. Effects of weather on breeding
ducks in North Dakota. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Tech. Rep.
1. In press.
Harris, H. J. 1970. Evidence of stress response in breeding blue-winged
teal. J. Wildl. Manage. 34:747-755.
Higgins, K. F. 1977. Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North
Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 41:232-242.
Higgins, K. F., and W. T. Barker. 1982. Changes in vegetation structure
in seeded nesting cover in the prairie pothole region. U.S. Fish
and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 242. 26pp.
Higgins, K. F., L. M. Kirsch, and I. J. Ball, Jr. 1969. A cable-chain
device for locating duck nests. J. Wildl. Manage. 33:1009-1011.
Hochbaum, A. H. 1945. Recovery potentials in North American waterfowl.
Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 10:403-418.
Hochbaum, G. S., and F. D. Caswell. 1978. A forecast of long-term trends
in breeding mallard populations on the Canadian prairies. Can.
Wildl. Serv. Prog. Notes 90. 8pp.
Johnson, D. H. 1979. Estimating nest success: the Mayfield method and
an alternative. Auk 96:651-661.
Johnson, D. H. 1980. The comparison of usage and availability
measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology
61:65-71.
Johnson, D. H., and A. B. Sargeant. 1977. Impact of red fox predation
on the sex ratio of prairie mallards. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.
Wildl. Res. Rep. 6. 56pp.
Keith, L. B. 1961. A study of waterfowl ecology on small impoundments in
southeastern Alberta. Wildl. Monogr. 6. 88pp.
Kirsch, L. M., H. F. Duebbert, and A. D. Kruse. 1978. Grazing and haying
effects on habitats of upland nesting birds. Trans. North Am. Wildl.
Nat. Resour. Conf. 43:486-497.
Klett, A. T., and D. H. Johnson. 1982. Variability in nest survival rates
and implications to nesting studies. Auk 99:77-87.
Krapu, G. L. 1974. Avian mortality from collisions with overhead wires in
North Dakota. Prairie Nat. 6:1-6.
Krapu, G. L. 1981. The role of nutrient reserves in mallard reproduction.
Auk 98:29-38.
Krapu, G. L., D. H. Johnson, and C. W. Dane. 1979a. Age determination
of mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:384-393.
Krapu, G. L., A. T. Klett, and D. G. Jorde. 1983. The effect of variable
spring water conditions on mallard reproduction. Auk 100:689-698.
Krapu, G. L., L. G. Talent, and T. J. Dwyer. 1979b. Marsh nesting by
mallards. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 7:104-110.
Livezey, B. C. 1981a. Duck nesting in retired croplands at Horicon
National Wildlife Refuge, Wisconsin. J. Wildl. Manage. 45:27-37.
Livezey, B. C. 1981b. Locations and success of duck nests evaluated
through discriminant analysis. Wildfowl 32:23-27.
Martin, F. W., R. S. Pospahala, and J. D. Nichols. 1979. Assessment and
population management of North American migratory birds. Pages 187-239
in J. Cairns, Jr., G. P. Patil, and W. E. Waters, eds. Environmental
biomonitoring, assessment, prediction, and management--certain case studies
and related quantitative issues. International Cooperative Publ. House,
Fairland, Md.
Mayfield, H. 1961. Nesting success calculated from exposure. Wilson Bull.
73:255-261.
Mayfield, H. 1975. Suggestions for calculating nest success. Wilson Bull.
87:456-466.
Mechlin, L. M., and C. W. Shaiffer. 1980. Net-firing gun for capturing breeding
waterfowl. J. Wildl. Manage. 44:895-896.
Miller, H. W., and D. H. Johnson. 1978. lnterpreting the results of nesting
studies. J. Wildl. Manage. 42:471-476.
Mosteller, F., and J. W. Tukey. 1977. Data analysis and regression, 2nd ed.
Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, Mass. 588pp.
Neu, C. W., C. R. Byers, and J. M. Peek. 1974. A technique for analysis of
utilization-availability data. J. Wildl. Manage. 38:541-545.
Odum, E. P., and E. J. Kuenzler. 1955. Measurement of territory and home
range size in birds. Auk 72:128-137.
Patterson, J. H. 1979. [Can ducks be managed by regulation?]
Experiences in Canada. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour.
Conf. 44:130-139.
Pospahala, R. S., D. R. Anderson, and C. J. Henny. 1974. Population
ecology of the mallard. II. Breeding habitat conditions, size
of breeding populations, and production indices. U.S. Fish and
Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 115. 73pp.
Raveling, D. G. 1979. The annual cycle of body composition of Canada
geese with special reference to control of reproduction. Auk
96:234-252.
Rearden, J. D. 1951. Identification of waterfowl nest predators. J. Wildl.
Manage. 15:386-395.
Ringelman, J. K., and J. R. Longcore. 1980. Computer simulation models as
tools for identifying research needs: a black duck population model.
Trans. Northeast Fish and Wildl. Conf. 37:182-193.
Robel, R. J., J. N. Briggs, A. D. Dayton, and L. C. Hulbert. 1970. Relationships
between visual obstruction measurements and weight of grassland vegetation.
J. Range Manage. 23:295-297.
Sargeant, A. B. 1981. Road casualties of prairie nesting ducks. Wildl. Soc.
Bull. 9:65-69.
Sargeant, A. B., S. H. Allen, and R. T. Eberhardt. 1984. Red fox predation on
breeding ducks in midcontinent North America. Wildl. Monogr. 89. 41pp.
Sargeant, A. B., G. A. Swanson, and H. A. Doty. 1973. Selective predation by
mink, Mustela vison, on waterfowl. Am. Midl. Nat. 89:208-214.
SAS Institute, Inc. 1982. SAS user s guide: statistics. Cary, N.C. 584pp.
Seago, J. B., M. R. Wright, C. H. Weeser, and S. E. Smith. 1970. Soil survey
of Wells County, North Dakota. U.S. Dep. Agric. Soil Conserv. Serv. in
coop. with N.D. Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Gov. Printing Off., Washington,
D.C. 84pp.
Smith, A. G. 1971. Ecological factors affecting waterfowl production in the
Alberta parklands. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 98. 49pp.
Sowls, L. K. 1955. Prairie ducks: a study of their behavior, ecology and
management. Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa. 193pp.
Stewart, R. E. 1975. Breeding birds of North Dakota. Tri-College Center
for Environmental Studies, Fargo, N.D. 295pp.
Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of natural ponds
and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.
Resour. Publ. 92. 57pp.
Stoudt, J. H. 1971. Ecological factors affecting waterfowl production in
the Saskatchewan parklands. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ.
99. 58pp.
Talent, L. G., R. L. Jarvis, and G. L. Krapu. 1983. Survival of mallard
broods in south-central North Dakota. Condor 85:74-78.
Previous Section -- Implication for Management and Research
Return to Contents
