Table 3. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry
(Numbers in thousands)
2007 2008
Members Represented Members Represented
of by unions (2) of by unions (2)
Occupation and industry unions (1) unions (1)
Total Total
employed employed
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Total of Total of Total of Total of
em- em- em- em-
ployed ployed ployed ployed
OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations 44,547 5,853 13.1 6,656 14.9 45,538 6,110 13.4 6,948 15.3
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................... 17,003 849 5.0 1,020 6.0 17,326 866 5.0 1,039 6.0
Management occupations.................... 11,656 530 4.5 633 5.4 11,843 564 4.8 679 5.7
Business and financial operations
occupations.............................. 5,348 319 6.0 386 7.2 5,483 302 5.5 360 6.6
Professional and related occupations.......... 27,543 5,004 18.2 5,636 20.5 28,212 5,244 18.6 5,909 20.9
Computer and mathematical occupations..... 3,252 157 4.8 188 5.8 3,488 170 4.9 210 6.0
Architecture and engineering occupations.. 2,744 215 7.8 240 8.7 2,746 203 7.4 233 8.5
Life, physical, and social science
occupations.............................. 1,270 113 8.9 138 10.9 1,209 106 8.8 132 10.9
Community and social services occupations 2,187 326 14.9 375 17.1 2,222 363 16.3 406 18.3
Legal occupations......................... 1,288 71 5.5 83 6.4 1,318 74 5.6 87 6.6
Education, training, and library
occupations.............................. 8,288 3,087 37.2 3,439 41.5 8,424 3,259 38.7 3,630 43.1
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and
media occupations........................ 1,955 152 7.8 182 9.3 1,994 141 7.1 167 8.4
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations.............................. 6,558 883 13.5 992 15.1 6,813 928 13.6 1,045 15.3
Service occupations............................... 21,784 2,481 11.4 2,692 12.4 22,114 2,624 11.9 2,831 12.8
Healthcare support occupations................ 2,987 304 10.2 332 11.1 3,028 296 9.8 317 10.5
Protective service occupations................ 3,025 1,066 35.2 1,127 37.2 3,023 1,069 35.4 1,122 37.1
Food preparation and serving related
occupations.................................. 7,500 325 4.3 371 4.9 7,694 401 5.2 444 5.8
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations.................................. 4,642 497 10.7 549 11.8 4,648 534 11.5 592 12.7
Personal care and service occupations......... 3,631 289 8.0 314 8.6 3,721 324 8.7 357 9.6
Sales and office occupations...................... 32,978 2,386 7.2 2,659 8.1 32,479 2,395 7.4 2,710 8.3
Sales and related occupations................. 14,079 462 3.3 521 3.7 13,708 447 3.3 531 3.9
Office and administrative support occupations 18,900 1,925 10.2 2,138 11.3 18,770 1,949 10.4 2,179 11.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........ ............................ 13,325 2,252 16.9 2,363 17.7 12,444 2,208 17.7 2,303 18.5
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.... 876 23 2.7 28 3.2 901 39 4.3 46 5.1
Construction and extraction occupations....... 7,708 1,434 18.6 1,480 19.2 6,876 1,391 20.2 1,445 21.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations.................................. 4,742 794 16.8 855 18.0 4,668 778 16.7 812 17.4
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations.. .................................. 17,133 2,699 15.8 2,874 16.8 16,802 2,760 16.4 2,968 17.7
Production occupations........................ 8,903 1,243 14.0 1,314 14.8 8,601 1,269 14.8 1,370 15.9
Transportation and material moving occupations 8,231 1,456 17.7 1,560 19.0 8,202 1,491 18.2 1,599 19.5
INDUSTRY
Private sector.................................... 108,714 8,114 7.5 8,870 8.2 108,073 8,265 7.6 9,084 8.4
Agriculture and related industries.............. 1,046 16 1.5 19 1.8 1,057 30 2.8 35 3.4
Nonagriculture and related industries........... 107,668 8,098 7.5 8,851 8.2 107,016 8,236 7.7 9,049 8.5
Mining....................................... 705 66 9.3 72 10.2 776 54 6.9 61 7.9
Construction................................. 8,561 1,193 13.9 1,232 14.4 7,652 1,195 15.6 1,241 16.2
Manufacturing................................ 15,341 1,734 11.3 1,845 12.0 15,131 1,723 11.4 1,862 12.3
Durable goods manufacturing.............. 9,770 1,107 11.3 1,172 12.0 9,728 1,139 11.7 1,223 12.6
Nondurable goods manufacturing........... 5,571 628 11.3 673 12.1 5,403 584 10.8 639 11.8
Wholesale and retail trade................... 18,896 990 5.2 1,075 5.7 18,622 976 5.2 1,096 5.9
Wholesale trade.......................... 3,951 205 5.2 224 5.7 3,635 194 5.3 214 5.9
Retail trade............................. 14,945 785 5.3 851 5.7 14,987 782 5.2 881 5.9
Transportation and utilities................. 5,488 1,211 22.1 1,282 23.4 5,544 1,231 22.2 1,298 23.4
Transportation and warehousing........... 4,654 974 20.9 1,037 22.3 4,639 988 21.3 1,041 22.4
Utilities................................ 834 237 28.4 245 29.4 906 243 26.9 257 28.3
Information (3).............................. 3,211 389 12.1 420 13.1 3,056 388 12.7 420 13.7
Publishing, except Internet.............. 850 62 7.3 65 7.7 717 52 7.2 62 8.7
Motion pictures and sound recording...... 309 35 11.5 39 12.5 337 38 11.4 39 11.7
Broadcasting, except Internet............ 588 51 8.7 62 10.6 561 53 9.5 59 10.6
Telecommunications....................... 1,186 233 19.7 246 20.8 1,184 228 19.3 242 20.4
Financial activities......................... 8,858 174 2.0 215 2.4 8,654 157 1.8 199 2.3
Finance and insurance.................... 6,531 99 1.5 129 2.0 6,536 86 1.3 115 1.8
Finance............................. 4,313 55 1.3 76 1.8 4,312 45 1.0 62 1.4
Insurance........................... 2,218 45 2.0 53 2.4 2,224 41 1.9 53 2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing....... 2,327 74 3.2 86 3.7 2,118 71 3.3 84 4.0
Professional and business services........... 12,022 290 2.4 360 3.0 11,967 253 2.1 324 2.7
Professional and technical services...... 6,962 98 1.4 147 2.1 7,234 93 1.3 128 1.8
Management, administrative, and waste
services................................ 5,060 191 3.8 213 4.2 4,733 159 3.4 196 4.1
Education and health services................ 18,120 1,591 8.8 1,815 10.0 18,841 1,723 9.1 1,940 10.3
Educational services..................... 3,513 444 12.6 529 15.1 3,657 504 13.8 584 16.0
Health care and social assistance........ 14,607 1,147 7.9 1,286 8.8 15,184 1,219 8.0 1,356 8.9
Leisure and hospitality...................... 10,956 302 2.8 354 3.2 11,187 361 3.2 408 3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 1,966 122 6.2 138 7.0 2,044 131 6.4 150 7.3
Accommodation and food services.......... 8,990 180 2.0 217 2.4 9,144 231 2.5 258 2.8
Accommodation........................ 1,414 109 7.7 123 8.7 1,447 115 7.9 120 8.3
Food services and drinking places.... 7,575 70 .9 94 1.2 7,696 116 1.5 138 1.8
Other services (3)........................... 5,510 159 2.9 181 3.3 5,585 175 3.1 200 3.6
Other services, except private households 4,727 150 3.2 172 3.6 4,785 164 3.4 185 3.9
Public sector................................... 21,053 7,557 35.9 8,373 39.8 21,305 7,832 36.8 8,676 40.7
Federal....................................... 3,423 916 26.8 1,079 31.5 3,542 994 28.1 1,167 33.0
State......................................... 6,384 1,943 30.4 2,168 34.0 6,176 1,955 31.6 2,167 35.1
Local......................................... 11,246 4,698 41.8 5,126 45.6 11,586 4,884 42.2 5,342 46.1
1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union
affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of
whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
