Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide

An Online Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico

Malformed Amphibian Issue

Deformed Frogs in Minnesota
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) was first involved in investigating abnormal frogs reported from the Granite Falls area in 1993. Work in the area in 1994 turned up no abnormal animals, but provided basic information. In August of 1995, students from the New Country School in LeSueur, Minnesota found large numbers of deformed frogs in a wetland they were studying near Henderson, Minnesota. Before the end of that season, reports of similar frogs occurred elsewhere in the Minnesota River Valley. The MPCA researched the problem from 1997 through 2000. This MCPA Web site reports on the agency's work.

Facts about MPCA Elimination of Malformed Frogs Investigation (22 Kb pdf)
The MPCA has experienced a three-year trend in decreased funding, and needs to trim staff by about nine percent. Therefore, we've had to reduce service in a number of programs so that the state's highest environmental priorities can still be met.

Malformed Frogs In Minnesota: An Update
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 043-01 (May 2001).

Malformed Frogs in Vermont
Vermont Department of Envrionmental Conservation- Biomonitoring and Aquatic Studies Section - Malformed Frogs in Vermont. This resource provides information about malformed frogs in Vermont and describes research activities.

Malformed Frogs in New Hampshire
N.H. Department of Environmental Services, Watershed Management Bureau Biomonitoring Program. Reports of amphibian malformities are becoming increasingly common, and theories about the cause of the malformities are numerous. Also of concern is the general decline in amphibian populations worldwide. Currently, ten amphibians have a spot on the federal endangered species list, none of which are in New Hampshire.

Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature (RATL)
The Canadian Wildlife Service contributes to the conservation and protection of wildlife and ecosystems in Canada. As part of this mandate it provides information and advice on the factors influencing the health of wildlife and the impacts of toxic substances on wildlife and their ecosystems. The RATL (Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature) database was compiled to provide anyone with an interest in amphibian and reptile toxicology easy access to a summary of the published literature on this topic.

FrogWeb: Amphibian Declines & Deformities - National Biological Information Infrastructure
The National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a broad, collaborative program to provide increased access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. Resource managers, scientists, educators, and the general public use the NBII to answer a wide range of questions related to the management, use, or conservation of this nation's biological resources.

Amphibian Malformations and Decline - USGS National Wildlife Health Center
Frog malformations have been reported from 42 states. The broad geographic distribution of these malformations warrants national attention. Scientists at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin, are studying this problem in an effort to document its scope and to determine the causes of the observed malformations.

Amphibian Malformations - USGS Fact Sheet (719 Kb pdf)
Frog malformations have now been reported from 44 states.In some areas, 60%of the population may be affected. USGS scientists are helping to document the scope and determine the causes of these malformations. (June 2001)

Amphibian Declines and Deformities - USGS Press Releases
Frequently asked questions about amphibians.

"The Trouble With Frogs" By William Souder
An article from the Minnesota Conservation Volunteer (Jan-Feb 2001). When alarming numbers of deformed frogs turned up five years ago, scientists rushed to investigate the cause. William Souder summarizes the history of the search for answers to this mystery and the twists and turns that the investigation has taken. With so many plausible causes for the deformities on the table, it would seem there's plenty of room for scientists to calmly pursue several lines of investigation. That has proved about half right. The pursuit has been anything but calm. William Souder has covered the deformed frog issue for several years for The Washington Post. His book, A Plague of Frogs: The Horrifying True Story, was published in 2000 by Hyperion.

Laboratory for Regenerating Studies and Deformed Frogs
University of California at Irvine website on their current studies on limb regeneration and deformed frogs. See a movie of a regenerating limb on an axolotl.

Deformed Amphibian Research at Hartwick College
Welcome to our web pages devoted to deformed amphibian research at Hartwick College. The research you will read about on these pages is being done in the laboratory of Stanley K. Sessions in collaboration with undergraduate Hartwick students and various other colleagues across the country.

Monitoring Web Sites

Frogwatch USA
Frogwatch USA is an educational frog and toad monitoring program coordinated by the US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Frogwatch USA relies on volunteers, like you, to collect information regarding frog and toad populations in neighborhoods across the nation. Please explore the Web site and see if you would like to become a Frogwatch USA volunteer.

Frog Watch Canada
Frogwatch Canada becomes latest node in North American Species Analyst Project. The frog call phenology data being collected by hundreds of observers across Canada are now the newest addition to the North American Species Analyst project. Frogwatch Canada is a partnership among Environment Canada, the Canadian Nature Federation, and both existing and newly-formed provincial frog monitoring programs.

North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)
NAAMP is a collaborative effort among regional partners, such as state natural resource agencies and nonprofit organizations, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to monitor populations of vocal amphibians. The USGS provides central coordination and database management. The regional partners recruit and train volunteer observers, like you, to collect amphibian population data, following the protocol of the NAAMP.

PRIMENet Amphibian Monitoring Program
Amphibian declines worldwide have created a need for more extensive and standardized monitoring of amphibian populations and for elucidating underlying causes of amphibian declines. In response to concerns about amphibian declines, a study evaluating and validating amphibian monitoring techniques was initiated in Shenandoah and Big Bend National Parks under the auspices of PRIMENet (Park Research and Intensive Monitoring of Ecosystems Network), an interagency effort of the EPA and NPS.

The Terrestrial Salamander Monitoring Program
Everything you need to know to start a terrestrial salamander monitoring program. Available here are background materials, protocols for installing and running salamander monitoring sites, a number of methodological experiments, and contacts for more information and registration. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, MD

Hop Into Alberta's Amphibian Monitoring Program!
The Alberta Amphibian Monitoring Program was initiated because of a need for information on long-term population trends and current distributions of amphibians in Alberta. Concern has been expressed over declines in many species of amphibians around the world. Here in Alberta, the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) is absent from much of its former range, and the remaining populations are greatly reduced. There are two components to this program: 1) volunteer data collection, and 2) intensive site based monitoring. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development.

British Columbia Frogwatch Program
People are fascinated by frogs and toads, and these little creatures can tell us a great deal without uttering so much as a "ribbit". In their wetland homes, frogs are very sensitive to changes in the environment. Maybe you have heard something about the concern among scientists about disappearing amphibians. Populations of frogs and toads all over the world have disappeared or declined, and naturally people are worried. To find out what is happening to our froggy friends, volunteer naturalists everywhere are keeping records of where and when they see amphibians. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, B.C.

Indiana chapter of the NAAMP
The Web Site for the Indiana chapter of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program is now hosted by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Louisiana Amphibian Monitoring Program (LAMP)
LAMP is a mostly volunteer effort coordinated in part by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries to begin accumulating data on Louisiana's amphibians (frogs, toads and salamanders). The first part of this effort has been to establish calling frog surveys.

Michigan Frog & Toad Survey
Michigan is home to 13 native species of anurans (frogs and toads). In recent years, many observers have been concerned with the apparent rarity, decline, and/or population die-offs of several of these species. This concern was not only for the species themselves, but also for the ecosystems on which they depend. As a result, the Michigan Frog and Toad Survey was initiated to increase our knowledge of anuran abundance and distribution, and to monitor populations over the long term. Over the next few years, a statewide system of permanent survey routes will be developed. Each route will consist of ten wetland sites which will be visited three times annually -- in early spring, late spring, and summer -- by a volunteer observer. Miscellaneous observations can also be made from locations other than the permanent survey routes. Over the years, the Michigan Frog and Toad Survey will provide a wealth of information on the status of Michigan frog and toad populations, and help monitor the quality of our environment. Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

Minnesota Frog and Toad Calling Survey 2001
Would you like to get involved in surveying frogs and toads in Minnesota? Scientists and herpetologists would like to get a more precise idea of the numbers of each frog and toad species in the state. This will enable them to look at population densities over time and determine whether populations of specific species are declining or increasing on a local and state-wide basis.

Surveys Of Calling Amphibians In North Dakota
Amphibians have received increased attention in recent years from the scientific community and general public alike. Many populations throughout the world have declined, or even been extirpated, often without an apparent cause. Concern about the status of amphibians has translated into a growing interest in systematic and statistically sound monitoring programs. Several extensive efforts to monitor populations of calling amphibians are in place, and more are under development. Necessary for the design of appropriate surveys is an understanding of the behavior, especially vocalization, of the various species, and how it varies by geographic location and environmental conditions. In 1995 we conducted roadside surveys of calling amphibians along 44 routes in North Dakota. This report describes results of that survey, with special attention given to the variables that influence detectability of calling amphibians. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Science Center, Jamestown, North Dakota

Prince Edward Island Frogwatch
By participating in this program you will help to increase our knowledge of frogs and toads in Prince Edward Island. Government of Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Other Ways To Get Involved

A Thousand Friends of Frogs
A Thousand Friends of Frogs connects K-12 students, educators, families, and scientists from Minnesota and beyond to study and celebrate frogs and their habitats. A Thousand Friends of Frogs' web site is full of thought-provoking, engaging activities that will help you discover frogs as you've never known them before. Center for Global Environmental Education, Hamline University Graduate School of Education, St. Paul, MN.

Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC)
"Snakes - we hate snakes." This was the catchy quote used recently in a national advertising campaign. And snakes are not the only group of animals to suffer from such uninformed attitudes. Other reptiles (alligators, crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and the tuatara, in addition to snakes) and amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians) have also suffered from a broad range of human activities, due in part to the perception that snakes and frogs and their kin are either dangerous or of little conservation value. PARC hopes to change these attitudes by promoting sound conservation and management of our native U.S. herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians), and also through educational efforts to raise public awareness about the conservation needs of reptiles and amphibians (also called "herps").

Declining Amphibian Issue

Declining Amphibian Populatiosn Task Force (DAPTF)
The Mission of the DAPTF is to determine the nature, extent and causes of declines of amphibians throughout the world, and to promote means by which declines can be halted or reversed. The DAPTF operates through a network of Regional Working Groups. Around 90 of these represent different regions of the world and collect geographical data on amphibian declines and their causes. The DAPTF Office seeks to maintain best practice and consistency of methodology among these groups. Other, issue-based Working Groups are concerned with specific topics, including: Disease and Pathology, Monitoring Techniques, Chemical Contaminants, Climatic and Atmospheric Change, and Captive Breeding. Task Force members and other interested parties are kept up to date via our bi-monthly newsletter FROGLOG.

Farm ponds as critical habitats for native amphibians
Constructed farm ponds represent significant breeding, rearing, and overwintering habitat for amphibians in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of southeastern Minnesota, western Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa, a landscape where natural wetlands are scarce. Despite intensive agricultural use adjacent to the ponds, these ponds harbor an abundance of frogs and toads. This region contains thousands of farm ponds constructed with cost-sharing dollars from the US Department of Agriculture and the states. Our study addresses the following questions: 1. How is amphibian individual, population and community health associated with land uses surrounding the pond, such as row crops, grassland, and grazed grassland? 2. Is amphibian individual, population, and community health more closely associated with surrounding landscape features or within-pond characteristics? 3. What design features associated with a pond (size, depth, vegetation) will maximize wildlife benefits?

Amphibian Disease Website
A website devoted to amphibian diseases, especially those associated with population declines. Emphasis is on Australian amphibians, but the diseases discussed have been found in populations around the world.

Chemicals Used to Control Mosquitoes on Refuges Differ in Toxicity to Tadpoles
This site illustrates preliminary results of research conducted at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (USGS/BRD, Laurel, Maryland). The experiments conducted involved two chemicals used for mosquito control on National Wildlife Refuges. The results indicate that one of the experimental chemicals slows tadpole growth rate. In addition, lethal concentrations of the chemicals were investigated.

The Herptox Page
Environment Canada's Web site on environmental contaminants and their effects on amphibians and reptiles. This site includes a bibliography of literature on this topic, current news articles, and a list of North American researchers investigating the effects of environmental contaminants on herpetofauna.

USGS Issues Wildlife Health Alert: Chytrid Fungus Infection Associated with Deaths of Threatened Boreal Toads in Colorado
Recent deaths of endangered boreal toads in one of the largest remaining populations in the southern Rocky Mountains have been linked to a chytrid fungus identified last year as being responsible for amphibian die-offs in Central America and Australia, according to pathologists at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wis. (September 10, 1999)

Iridovirus Isolated in Amphibians
On September 2, 1998 the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) received eight sick tiger salamanders from a mortality event involving about 200 salamanders at Lake Desolation, Utah. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists reported that salamander carcasses littered the shoreline and lake bottom. (Oct. 1998)

Amphibian Diseases - USGS Fact Sheet (469 Kb pdf)
Salamanders, tadpoles, frogs, and toads worldwide are dying from viral and fungal diseases and from unknown causes. (April 2001)

Identification Aids

Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide
A checklist and online guide for the identification of amphibians in North America north of Mexico. This site is managed by NARCAM.

Tadpoles of the United States and Canada: A Tutorial and Key
A key for the tadpoles of the United States and Canada features a different format and approach to identifying frog larvae. More details of ontogenetic variation are included than in many keys, and more attention is paid to using characteristics of living tadpoles. A tutorial examines morphological traits, and color photographs are included to simplify the identification process.

US Amphibians Distribution Maps
Welcome to the Status and Conservation of US Amphibians distribution maps website. These maps represent documented and assumed distributions from museum records, data published in the primary literature, state/regional field guides, or as submitted from state/regional experts. These distributions represent records of occurrence. Data documenting declines, extirpations, and extinctions have not yet been incorporated.

Key to the Amphibians of Canada
A key is a guide to identifying an organism based on the characteristics which distinguish it from related organisms. A key is most useful when you have the animal in hand, but it is sometimes possible to "key out" an animal based on a photograph or detailed description. As you become more familiar with the amphibians of Canada, you will get better at describing the animals you see and it will become easier to use the key.

Key to the Reptiles of Canada
A key is a guide to identifying an organism based on the characteristics which distinguish it from related organisms. A key is most useful when you have the animal in hand, but it is sometimes possible to "key out" an animal based on a photograph or detailed description. As you become more familiar with the reptiles of Canada, you will get better at describing the animals you see and it will become easier to use the key.

Regional Identification Aids

Amphibians of Alberta
Within Alberta there are 10 species of amphibians: two salamanders and eight frogs and toads. The frogs and toads can be subdivided into true toads (three species), spadefoots (one species), tree frogs (one species), and true frogs (three species). Alberta Sustainable Resource Development.

Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona
A site for field herpetology in Arizona.

Frogs and Toads of British Columbia
Species accounts with range maps identification keys. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, B.C.

A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Coastal Southern California
The highly developed and urbanized area of coastal Southern California is host to one of the richest herpetofaunas in the United States and includes several species with State and Federal protected status. Over the past few years, we have been conducting an intensive study of the autecology of herptile communities in the region and saw the pressing need for a well-illustrated field guide to help train students, researchers, reserve managers, regulators, and others to identify the local herpetofauna, with emphasis on sensitive species. Western Ecological Research Center, USGS.

Herpetofauna of the Comanche National Grasslands, Colorado
Southeastern Colorado is a sparsely inhabited region roughly 145 miles by 135 miles (nearly 20,000 square miles). Much of this area is plains grassland habitat (short-grass prairie) which supports a large number of terrestrial species, and amphibians and reptiles make up an important component of this grassland ecosystem. However, the distribution in Colorado of many species remains incompletely known due to the large area encompassed and a relative paucity of extensive, long-term inventory studies conducted. In addition, many areas have experienced and are currently experiencing extensive changes of the native grassland prairie, and much of this change is directly attributable to human activity. As human impact is likely to increase in the near future, a more complete inventory of the herpetofauna becomes more important to document the current range of the many species found in this part of Colorado before they become uncommon or are extirpated. This is a report of activities conducted in 1995-1997 which were funded in part (1996-1997) by the USDA-Forest Service. Activities reported here are directly associated with a larger survey of the herpetofauna of southeastern Colorado funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and the Great Outdoors Colorado program.

Checklist of Florida Amphibians and Reptiles
The species are listed alphabetically by scientific name, first by genus, then by species and subspecies.Exotic (non-native) species which have been introduced (escaped or were released) and now have breeding populations in Florida are noted. The frequency with which introductions are occurring makes any list of Florida herps out of date almost as soon as it is compiled. That undoubtedly is the case with the list that follows. Florida Museum of Natural History.

The Frogs and Toads of Georgia
These pages were initiated as a result work done on The Georgia Herp Atlas, a 5 year volunteer effort to catalog all herps in the state which ended July 2001.

Frogs and Toads of Indiana
Photos and species accounts of the anuran amphibians of Indiana.

Snakes of Massachusetts
How to identify snakes in Massachusetts. This page was developed by the University of Massachusetts Extension.

Toads and Frogs of Minnesota
Toads and frogs often conjure up thoughts of wet places- misty swamps and enchanted nights when mysterious calls rise from the water's edge. The 14 species of toads and frogs found in Minnesota are grouped into three families: toads, treefrogs, and true frogs. All species within each family share similar features, but each individual species has its own unique breeding call, survival strategy, and environmental niche. By learning more about these amphibians, their habitats, and their survival methods, Minnesotans can better appreciate why we need to conserve the wetlands, grasslands, and forests where these fascinating animals live. Their presence is an indication that we are doing a good job of preserving wetland habitat and water quality. Conversely, when toads and frogs disappear, it could mean the ecosystems that sustain them are ailing. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Reptiles and Amphibians of Minnesota
This site is designed to introduce you to the herpetology of Minnesota. Here you'll find detailed species accounts of every snake, turtle, lizard, frog, toad and salamander that is found in the state. You can use the navigation buttons at top to jump to species you're interested in learning more about.

Missouri's Amphibians and Reptiles
Missouri has 43 species of amphibians, with an additional five subspecies or geographic races. No amphibians in Missouri are venomous; they are harmless to people. The color and variety of salamanders and the calls of toads and frogs in spring and summer help make our outdoors a fun and lively place to be. Missouri has 63 species of reptiles: 17 different turtles, 11 different lizards and 35 different snakes. Only five snake species are venomous to people; most are shy and normally avoid people. Missouri Dept. of Conservation.

Survey of Amphibians at Selected Sites in Nebraska
During 1997, collections of larval amphibians were made at 130 sites in Nebraska. Collections were made during 1 June - 16 July, so as to replicate earlier samples taken by John D. Lynch in 1971-75. The same sites that Lynch surveyed were sampled in the recent survey, unless they were no longer present or accessible, in which case a replacement site within 1.6 km was sought. The overall objective of the study is to test the hypothesis that amphibian populations have declined in Nebraska. Results reported here indicate the species found in each county where collections were made. This study was supported in part by the Grasslands Ecosystem Initiative, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Division, Jamestown, North Dakota.

Frogs of New Hampshire
N.H. Department of Environmental Services, Watershed Management Bureau Biomonitoring Program.

Amphibians and Reptiles of Long Island, Staten Island and Manhattan (New York)
This web page is a key for identifying the reptiles and amphibians found on Long Island (L.I.), Staten Island (S.I.) and Manhattan. It is important to note that Manhattan now hosts only 4-5 species (Bullfrogs, Snapping turtles, Painted turtles, Red Eared Sliders, and possibly Spring Peepers). Thus, this web page focuses primarily on Long Island and Staten Island, both of which still have a substantial number of species. This key does not include the neighboring mainland U.S areas (New Jersey, Connecticut, or the rest of New York).

Reptiles and Amphibians of North Dakota
This guide to reptiles and amphibians of North Dakota is the work of Grand Forks teachers Ted Hoberg and Cully Gause. It is designed to give the curious reader a tool to identify some of the least understood of North Dakota's wildlife species. This resource is based on the following article: Hoberg, T. and C. Gause 1992. Reptiles and amphibians of North Dakota. North Dakota Outdoors 55(1):7-19.

Key to the Reptiles and Amphibians of North Dakota
This identification key is based on a July 1992 North Dakota Outdoors article written by Cully Gause and Ted Hoberg (see preceding link).

Reptiles and Amphibians Southwestern North Dakota
Distribution maps based on a study of representative terrestrial vertebrates in the portion of the Missouri Slope south and west of the Missouri River, and McLean County, in North Dakota was undertaken in the summers of 1976 and 1977. Data were tabulated relative to species occurrence and abundance by major habitat type and geographic area. Data were collected from population sampling, existing literature, and unpublished reports and interviews. This resource is based on the following: Seabloom, R.W., R.D. Crawford & M.G. McKenna 1978. Vertebrates of southwestern North Dakota: Amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Institute for Ecological Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202. 549pp.

South Carolina Reptiles and Amphibians
Welcome to our site of information on reptiles and amphibians indigenous to South Carolina. Our goal for the site is to post pictures of every species of reptile and amphibian which has established wild populations within South Carolina. We also try to display pictures emphasizing characteristics useful in identification. Another goal for this site is to provide anecdotal information from our encounters with the species.

Herps of Texas
This project is funded by the University of Texas College of Natural Sciences and the Texas Memorial Museum.

Wisconsin Herpetological Atlas Project
The Wisconsin Herpetological Atlas Project (Herp Atlas) tracks the distributions of amphibians and reptiles in Wisconsin. The Herp Atlas was initiated in 1986 by the Vertebrate Zoology Section of the Milwaukee Public Museum, with the cooperative support of the Natural Heritage Inventory Program (Bureau of Endangered Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; and the Nature Conservancy, Wisconsin Chapter). The Herp Atlas is producing a computerized database of amphibian and reptile distribution, based on records obtained from museum collections, field surveys, literature, and field notes provided by volunteer observers throughout the state.

Taxonomy

Amphibian Species of the World
Title says it all. This site is maintained by the The American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Here you will find authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, and microbes of North America and the world. We are a partnership of U.S., Canadian, and Mexican agencies (ITIS-North America); other organizations; and taxonomic specialists. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.

Crocodilian, Tuatara, and Turtle Species of the World
This annotated checklist of the 271 nominal species of crocs, tuatara, and turtles, is the result of an international cooperative effort by 42 reptile biologists. It does not represent the views of any one person. As Hornacki, Kinman, and Koeppl 1982, Mammal Species of the World, and Frost 1985, Amphibian Species of the World, treat those groups of vertebrates, this checklist represents an attempt to bring crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle nomenclature into compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, regardless of whether or not it correctly reflects evolutionary relationships.

General Information

AmphibiaWeb
AmphibiaWeb offers ready access to taxonomic information for every recognized species of amphibian in the world. Species descriptions, life history information, conservation status, literature references, photos and range maps are available for many species and are being added to regularly by specialists and volunteers from around the world. In addition, AmphibiaWeb provides easy and fast access to museum specimen data from large herpetological collections. We hope AmphibiaWeb will encourage a shared vision for the study of amphibian declines and the conservation of remaining amphibians. AmphibiaWeb has been created at the University of California, Berkeley, which hosts this Web site.

Natural Selection, your gateway Internet resources in the natural world
Welcome to Natural Selection, your gateway to quality, evaluated Internet resources in the natural world co-ordinated by The Natural History Museum, London. Use our search function to search Natural Selection, which is a part of BIOME. BIOME offers free access to a searchable catalogue of Internet sites and resources covering the health and life sciences. Unlike generic search engines, we only direct you to Internet resources that have been hand selected and quality evaluated. We are funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), and our target audience is the UK learning, teaching and research community. However, searching is free, and we hope we are also of value to users beyond our target community.

Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (CARNET)
Welcome to the Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (CARCNET)'s website on the amphibians and reptiles of Canada. Our Mission Statement: In recognition of the inherent value of all native amphibians and reptiles, CARCNET is devoted to conserving Canada's native species of amphibians and reptiles, and their ecological and evolutionary functions in perpetuity.

Bibliomania! - Herpetological Contents
Provides regularly-updated contents of herpetological publications, together with a searchable database of approximately 50,000 herpetological publications.

The Center for North American Herpetology (CNAH)
The CNAH serves as a data bank for information about North American amphibians, turtles, reptiles, and crocodilians, and promotes the study and conservation of them by financial support of selected publications, photography, and any other appropriate medium, as well as the establishment of awards for excellence in research about these fascinating creatures.

Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America
This website by Ellin Beltz is a reference and checklist to scientific names and currently accepted common names of native North American amphibians and reptiles (north of Mexico) arranged alphabetically within order. For each species there is also a translation of the latin species name into English. Also listed in this section is the original describer and year of description. This information is provided as a service to researchers, herpetologists and students of scientific nomenclature.

Herpetology at the Florida Museum of Natural History
An overview of everything involving herpetology at the Florida Museum of Natural History and University of Florida in Gainsville.

CalPhotos Digital Library Project - Amphibians
Over 1000 photographs of amphibians in the CalPhotos collection, most of which are freely available for non-profit use without prior permission. University of California, Berkeley.

CalPhotos Digital Library Project - Reptiles
Close to 1000 photographs of reptiles in the CalPhotos collection, most of which are freely available for non-profit use without prior permission. University of California, Berkeley.

The Great Canadian Amphibian & Reptile Quiz
Test your knowledge of Canadian amphibians and reptiles (all of which are found in the USA). Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network Coordinating Office, Environment Canada.

Return to Contents
Anura: Frogs and Toads - by Family / by Species
Caudata: Salamanders - by Family / by Species