1997 Economic Census: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

	1997 Economic Census: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services United States

See also 2002 Economic Census data.

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services by Subsector
Introductory text includes scope and methodology. Table includes only establishments with payroll. Nonemployers are shown separately. For descriptions of column headings and rows (industries), click on the appropriate underlined element in the table.

NAICS code	Description		Estab- lish- ments	Receipts ($1,000)	Annual payroll ($1,000)	Paid employees
54	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	615,305	579,542,139	225,376,050	5,212,745
54	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Exempt	5,824	15,708,510	6,022,741	148,465
541	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	615,305	579,542,139	225,376,050	5,212,745
541	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Exempt	5,824	15,708,510	6,022,741	148,465

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services by Industry
Introductory text includes scope and methodology. Table includes only establishments with payroll. Nonemployers are shown separately. For descriptions of column headings and rows (industries), click on the appropriate underlined element in the table.

NAICS
code Description Estab-
lish-
ments Receipts
($1,000) Annual
payroll
($1,000) Paid
employees

54 Professional, scientific, & technical services Taxable 615,305 579,542,139 225,376,050 5,212,745

Exempt 5,824 15,708,510 6,022,741 148,465

NAICS
code Description Estab-
lish-
ments Receipts
($1,000) Annual
payroll
($1,000) Paid
employees

541 Professional, scientific, & technical services Taxable 615,305 579,542,139 225,376,050 5,212,745

Exempt 5,824 15,708,510 6,022,741 148,465

5411 Legal services Taxable 173,716 127,052,406 49,060,017 1,012,092

Exempt 2,532 1,496,807 796,671 23,316

54111 Offices of lawyers Taxable 165,757 122,616,890 47,409,587 956,074

Exempt 2,532 1,496,807 796,671 23,316

5411101 Offices of lawyers (except legal aid societies) Taxable 165,757 122,616,890 47,409,587 956,074

5411102 Legal aid societies & similar legal services Exempt 2,532 1,496,807 796,671 23,316

54119 Other legal services Taxable 7,959 4,435,516 1,650,430 56,018

541191 Title abstract & settlement offices Taxable 6,391 3,489,167 1,386,275 46,711

541199 All other legal services Taxable 1,568 946,349 264,155 9,307

5412 Accounting, tax return prep, bookkeeping, & payroll services Taxable 97,512 61,117,315 26,104,086 966,533

54121 Accounting, tax return prep, bookkeeping, & payroll services Taxable 97,512 61,117,315 26,104,086 966,533

541211 Offices of certified public accountants Taxable 53,651 38,601,265 15,167,282 389,340

541213 Tax return preparation services Taxable 12,830 2,184,210 760,170 147,698

541214 Payroll services Taxable 2,709 14,113,017 7,598,085 316,425

541219 Other accounting services Taxable 28,322 6,218,823 2,578,549 113,070

5413 Architectural, engineering, & related services Taxable 92,710 116,986,061 46,942,816 1,038,317

54131 Architectural services Taxable 20,602 16,988,338 6,468,524 146,702

54132 Landscape Architectural Services (not covered in the Economic Census) N N N N

54133 Engineering services Taxable 52,526 88,180,688 35,337,890 730,048

54134 Drafting services Taxable 1,872 605,362 310,342 9,150

54135 Building inspection services Taxable 2,771 639,041 240,080 8,674

54136 Geophysical surveying & mapping services Taxable 587 1,087,786 445,595 9,905

54137 Surveying & mapping (except geophysical) services Taxable 8,864 3,041,882 1,431,603 51,814

54138 Testing laboratories Taxable 5,488 6,442,964 2,708,782 82,024

5414 Specialized design services Taxable 26,436 14,254,024 4,088,006 113,035

54141 Interior design services Taxable 9,612 4,945,340 1,021,531 33,915

54142 Industrial design services Taxable 1,322 1,363,017 582,591 13,607

54143 Graphic design services Taxable 14,631 7,554,903 2,354,674 61,622

5414301 Graphic design services (except commercial art & medical artists) Taxable 12,565 6,741,083 2,109,127 54,791

5414302 Commercial art Taxable 2,017 801,037 240,746 6,688

5414303 Medical artists Taxable 49 12,783 4,801 143

54149 Other specialized design services Taxable 871 390,764 129,210 3,891

5415 Computer systems design & related services Taxable 72,278 108,967,614 42,150,658 764,659

541511 Custom computer programming services Taxable 31,624 38,300,515 18,417,084 318,198

541512 Computer systems design services Taxable 30,804 51,212,916 18,459,669 337,526

5415121 Computer systems integrators Taxable 10,571 35,270,055 11,341,975 207,741

5415122 Computer systems consultants (except systems integrators) Taxable 20,233 15,942,861 7,117,694 129,785

541513 Computer facilities management services Taxable 1,445 15,114,194 3,389,511 71,821

541519 Other computer related services Taxable 8,405 4,339,989 1,884,394 37,114

5416 Management, scientific, & technical consulting services Taxable 80,426 63,428,740 26,581,677 511,252

54161 Management consulting services Taxable 60,794 52,224,697 22,296,821 411,044

541611 Administrative management & general management consulting service Taxable 27,399 28,556,409 12,738,842 208,674

541612 Human resources & executive search consulting services Taxable 14,788 10,713,115 5,160,322 99,719

5416121 Actuarial consulting Taxable 714 1,152,766 571,565 10,299

5416122 Executive placement services Taxable 7,619 5,154,804 2,640,672 47,179

5416123 Human resources & personnel management consulting Taxable 6,455 4,405,545 1,948,085 42,241

541613 Marketing consulting services Taxable 12,498 7,874,497 2,547,408 61,418

541614 Process, physical distribution, & logistics consulting services Taxable 3,078 3,259,152 1,195,682 25,366

541618 Other management consulting services Taxable 3,031 1,821,524 654,567 15,867

54162 Environmental consulting services Taxable 6,725 4,780,771 1,777,594 46,145

54169 Other scientific & technical consulting services Taxable 12,907 6,423,272 2,507,262 54,063

5417 Scientific research & development services Taxable 7,830 23,078,307 9,322,150 176,974

Exempt 3,292 14,211,703 5,226,070 125,149

54171 R&D in the physical, engineering, & life sciences Taxable 6,855 21,821,756 8,820,582 161,304

Exempt 2,318 12,324,171 4,593,475 107,812

5417101 R&D in the physical & engineering sciences Taxable 4,269 14,861,730 5,890,352 108,832

Exempt 860 7,561,476 2,842,628 62,005

5417102 Research & development in the life sciences Taxable 2,586 6,960,026 2,930,230 52,472

Exempt 1,458 4,762,695 1,750,847 45,807

54172 Research & development in the social sciences & humanities Taxable 975 1,256,551 501,568 15,670

Exempt 974 1,887,532 632,595 17,337

5418 Advertising & related services Taxable 38,832 49,290,082 16,012,117 417,214

54181 Advertising agencies Taxable 13,390 16,871,520 7,556,880 139,486

54182 Public relations agencies Taxable 6,513 4,771,957 1,951,633 38,735

54183 Media buying services Taxable 882 1,056,713 422,027 8,534

54184 Media representatives Taxable 2,686 3,308,665 1,060,529 26,437

5418401 Radio & television advertising representatives Taxable 1,142 1,278,211 541,527 12,946

5418402 Publishers' advertising representatives Taxable 1,544 2,030,454 519,002 13,491

54185 Display advertising Taxable 2,261 4,638,974 823,063 41,357

5418501 Display advertising (except outdoor) Taxable 633 2,249,617 303,398 26,434

5418502 Outdoor advertising services Taxable 1,628 2,389,357 519,665 14,923

54186 Direct mail advertising Taxable 3,454 8,672,214 2,426,572 85,669

54187 Advertising material distribution services Taxable 560 829,683 174,956 9,642

54189 Other services related to advertising Taxable 9,086 9,140,356 1,596,457 67,354

5418901 Welcoming services Taxable 128 30,970 7,230 606

5418902 Advertising specialties goods distributor Taxable 4,477 6,847,023 943,235 29,665

5418903 Sign painting & lettering shop Taxable 3,390 786,247 214,789 10,959

5418909 All other advertising Taxable 1,091 1,476,116 431,203 26,124

5419 Other professional, scientific, & technical services Taxable 25,565 15,367,590 5,114,523 212,669

54191 Marketing research & public opinion polling Taxable 4,030 7,879,886 2,963,417 107,552

54192 Photographic services Taxable 17,573 5,571,219 1,539,891 83,905

541921 Photographic studios, portrait Taxable 13,245 3,705,100 990,666 65,395

541922 Commercial photography Taxable 4,328 1,866,119 549,225 18,510

54193 Translation & interpretation services Taxable 904 414,570 142,155 4,863

54194 Veterinary Services (not covered in the Economic Census) N N N N

54199 All other professional, scientific, & technical services Taxable 3,058 1,501,915 469,060 16,349

D = Withheld to avoid disclosure; N = Not available

NAICS code	Description	Estab- lish- ments	Receipts ($1,000)	Annual payroll ($1,000)	Paid employees
54	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	615,305	579,542,139	225,376,050	5,212,745
Exempt	5,824	15,708,510	6,022,741	148,465
NAICS code	Description	Estab- lish- ments	Receipts ($1,000)	Annual payroll ($1,000)	Paid employees
541	Professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	615,305	579,542,139	225,376,050	5,212,745
Exempt	5,824	15,708,510	6,022,741	148,465
5411	Legal services	Taxable	173,716	127,052,406	49,060,017	1,012,092
Exempt	2,532	1,496,807	796,671	23,316
54111	Offices of lawyers	Taxable	165,757	122,616,890	47,409,587	956,074
Exempt	2,532	1,496,807	796,671	23,316
5411101	Offices of lawyers (except legal aid societies)	Taxable	165,757	122,616,890	47,409,587	956,074
5411102	Legal aid societies & similar legal services	Exempt	2,532	1,496,807	796,671	23,316
54119	Other legal services	Taxable	7,959	4,435,516	1,650,430	56,018
541191	Title abstract & settlement offices	Taxable	6,391	3,489,167	1,386,275	46,711
541199	All other legal services	Taxable	1,568	946,349	264,155	9,307
5412	Accounting, tax return prep, bookkeeping, & payroll services	Taxable	97,512	61,117,315	26,104,086	966,533
54121	Accounting, tax return prep, bookkeeping, & payroll services	Taxable	97,512	61,117,315	26,104,086	966,533
541211	Offices of certified public accountants	Taxable	53,651	38,601,265	15,167,282	389,340
541213	Tax return preparation services	Taxable	12,830	2,184,210	760,170	147,698
541214	Payroll services	Taxable	2,709	14,113,017	7,598,085	316,425
541219	Other accounting services	Taxable	28,322	6,218,823	2,578,549	113,070
5413	Architectural, engineering, & related services	Taxable	92,710	116,986,061	46,942,816	1,038,317
54131	Architectural services	Taxable	20,602	16,988,338	6,468,524	146,702
54132	Landscape Architectural Services (not covered in the Economic Census)	N	N	N	N
54133	Engineering services	Taxable	52,526	88,180,688	35,337,890	730,048
54134	Drafting services	Taxable	1,872	605,362	310,342	9,150
54135	Building inspection services	Taxable	2,771	639,041	240,080	8,674
54136	Geophysical surveying & mapping services	Taxable	587	1,087,786	445,595	9,905
54137	Surveying & mapping (except geophysical) services	Taxable	8,864	3,041,882	1,431,603	51,814
54138	Testing laboratories	Taxable	5,488	6,442,964	2,708,782	82,024
5414	Specialized design services	Taxable	26,436	14,254,024	4,088,006	113,035
54141	Interior design services	Taxable	9,612	4,945,340	1,021,531	33,915
54142	Industrial design services	Taxable	1,322	1,363,017	582,591	13,607
54143	Graphic design services	Taxable	14,631	7,554,903	2,354,674	61,622
5414301	Graphic design services (except commercial art & medical artists)	Taxable	12,565	6,741,083	2,109,127	54,791
5414302	Commercial art	Taxable	2,017	801,037	240,746	6,688
5414303	Medical artists	Taxable	49	12,783	4,801	143
54149	Other specialized design services	Taxable	871	390,764	129,210	3,891
5415	Computer systems design & related services	Taxable	72,278	108,967,614	42,150,658	764,659
541511	Custom computer programming services	Taxable	31,624	38,300,515	18,417,084	318,198
541512	Computer systems design services	Taxable	30,804	51,212,916	18,459,669	337,526
5415121	Computer systems integrators	Taxable	10,571	35,270,055	11,341,975	207,741
5415122	Computer systems consultants (except systems integrators)	Taxable	20,233	15,942,861	7,117,694	129,785
541513	Computer facilities management services	Taxable	1,445	15,114,194	3,389,511	71,821
541519	Other computer related services	Taxable	8,405	4,339,989	1,884,394	37,114
5416	Management, scientific, & technical consulting services	Taxable	80,426	63,428,740	26,581,677	511,252
54161	Management consulting services	Taxable	60,794	52,224,697	22,296,821	411,044
541611	Administrative management & general management consulting service	Taxable	27,399	28,556,409	12,738,842	208,674
541612	Human resources & executive search consulting services	Taxable	14,788	10,713,115	5,160,322	99,719
5416121	Actuarial consulting	Taxable	714	1,152,766	571,565	10,299
5416122	Executive placement services	Taxable	7,619	5,154,804	2,640,672	47,179
5416123	Human resources & personnel management consulting	Taxable	6,455	4,405,545	1,948,085	42,241
541613	Marketing consulting services	Taxable	12,498	7,874,497	2,547,408	61,418
541614	Process, physical distribution, & logistics consulting services	Taxable	3,078	3,259,152	1,195,682	25,366
541618	Other management consulting services	Taxable	3,031	1,821,524	654,567	15,867
54162	Environmental consulting services	Taxable	6,725	4,780,771	1,777,594	46,145
54169	Other scientific & technical consulting services	Taxable	12,907	6,423,272	2,507,262	54,063
5417	Scientific research & development services	Taxable	7,830	23,078,307	9,322,150	176,974
Exempt	3,292	14,211,703	5,226,070	125,149
54171	R&D in the physical, engineering, & life sciences	Taxable	6,855	21,821,756	8,820,582	161,304
Exempt	2,318	12,324,171	4,593,475	107,812
5417101	R&D in the physical & engineering sciences	Taxable	4,269	14,861,730	5,890,352	108,832
Exempt	860	7,561,476	2,842,628	62,005
5417102	Research & development in the life sciences	Taxable	2,586	6,960,026	2,930,230	52,472
Exempt	1,458	4,762,695	1,750,847	45,807
54172	Research & development in the social sciences & humanities	Taxable	975	1,256,551	501,568	15,670
Exempt	974	1,887,532	632,595	17,337
5418	Advertising & related services	Taxable	38,832	49,290,082	16,012,117	417,214
54181	Advertising agencies	Taxable	13,390	16,871,520	7,556,880	139,486
54182	Public relations agencies	Taxable	6,513	4,771,957	1,951,633	38,735
54183	Media buying services	Taxable	882	1,056,713	422,027	8,534
54184	Media representatives	Taxable	2,686	3,308,665	1,060,529	26,437
5418401	Radio & television advertising representatives	Taxable	1,142	1,278,211	541,527	12,946
5418402	Publishers' advertising representatives	Taxable	1,544	2,030,454	519,002	13,491
54185	Display advertising	Taxable	2,261	4,638,974	823,063	41,357
5418501	Display advertising (except outdoor)	Taxable	633	2,249,617	303,398	26,434
5418502	Outdoor advertising services	Taxable	1,628	2,389,357	519,665	14,923
54186	Direct mail advertising	Taxable	3,454	8,672,214	2,426,572	85,669
54187	Advertising material distribution services	Taxable	560	829,683	174,956	9,642
54189	Other services related to advertising	Taxable	9,086	9,140,356	1,596,457	67,354
5418901	Welcoming services	Taxable	128	30,970	7,230	606
5418902	Advertising specialties goods distributor	Taxable	4,477	6,847,023	943,235	29,665
5418903	Sign painting & lettering shop	Taxable	3,390	786,247	214,789	10,959
5418909	All other advertising	Taxable	1,091	1,476,116	431,203	26,124
5419	Other professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	25,565	15,367,590	5,114,523	212,669
54191	Marketing research & public opinion polling	Taxable	4,030	7,879,886	2,963,417	107,552
54192	Photographic services	Taxable	17,573	5,571,219	1,539,891	83,905
541921	Photographic studios, portrait	Taxable	13,245	3,705,100	990,666	65,395
541922	Commercial photography	Taxable	4,328	1,866,119	549,225	18,510
54193	Translation & interpretation services	Taxable	904	414,570	142,155	4,863
54194	Veterinary Services (not covered in the Economic Census)	N	N	N	N
54199	All other professional, scientific, & technical services	Taxable	3,058	1,501,915	469,060	16,349

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Source: 1997 Economic Census Questions?
Last revised: February 19, 2004

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